单环刺螠耐硫机制研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘峰  李光亚  赵玉涵  孙涛  纪元  于海瑞 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):141-147

本文概述了硫化物的生理毒性,包括对生物体的有氧呼吸毒性,神经毒性,线粒体毒性,核酸和蛋白质毒性。总结了单环刺螠在硫化物胁迫下存在的应对机制,包括体壁分泌粘液,细胞凋亡过程中某些酶活性的升高和凋亡通路的放大;体内氧化酶活性的改变;体腔液某些成分含量及细胞器结构的变化,线粒体内相关酶系的氧化以及RNA、DNA结构和含量的变化等。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中、南部热液活动区金属硫化物的地球化学特征     

蔡宗伟  翟世奎  于增慧  国坤  王淑杰  张侠 《海洋科学》2018,42(11):73-82

对新近(2014年)采自冲绳海槽南部Yonaguni Knoll IV热液活动区和中部伊平屋热液活动区的金属硫化物样品分别进行了X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析,旨在通过对比分析两个热液活动区金属硫化物的元素地球化学特征,探讨两个不同热液活动区成矿元素的富集规律、热液成矿的作用过程及其区域差异。研究结果表明:在冲绳海槽中部和南部热液区分布有两种金属硫化物,分别为富Fe-Zn型硫化物和Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐);相较于大洋中脊和其它弧后盆地的热液硫化物,研究区硫化物中Pb的含量明显较高,而Cu和Fe的含量相对较低,这与冲绳海槽存在较厚的沉积盖层有关;无论是常量元素、微量元素、还是稀土元素(REE),其含量和相关的特征值都变化较大,表明研究区热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;富Fe-Zn型硫化物是在高温热液活动阶段形成的,而Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐)则形成于热液喷出海底与海水混合的过程中,成矿温度较低;即使在同一热液活动区,成矿环境也有较大变化,主要表现在成矿温度的波动上;研究区热液硫化物中REE的配分模式特征表明硫化物中REE的物源相同,但经历的过程(REE的迁移和富集)有所不同,反映了热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;热液成矿作用存在区域性差异,海槽南部的成矿温度较中部低,成矿物质来源方面,南部热液区硫化物的Pb含量较中部高,表明其成矿物质可能部分来源于沉积物。  相似文献   

高孔隙多金属硫化物海水围压下切削模拟     

李艳  王梓勋  栗梦丹 《海洋工程》2018,36(5):83-89

考虑海底多金属硫化物(SMS)高孔隙率、受围压等特点,首先采用蒙特卡罗法,结合APDL语言建立了具有一定孔隙率的SMS矿体几何模型,然后基于LS-DYNA仿真平台建立了高海水围压条件下单截齿切削破碎具有一定孔隙率SMS矿体的仿真模型,并进行了相应的数值模拟。研究结果表明:在高海水围压条件下,多金属硫化物的切削难度明显增强,高围压作用使切屑更难从矿体基岩剥离,截齿受到的三向阻力明显增大;随着多金属硫化物矿体的孔隙率增大,截齿破碎矿体受到的切削阻力会减小。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation for fluids mixing within seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposit: taking the Trans-Atlantic Geo-Traverse (TAG) field for example     

LI Huaiming  ZHAI Shikui  TAO Chunhui  YU Zenghui  CHU Fengyou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(1):33-41

The formation mechanism of the large hydrothermal sulˉde deposit is a complex geological process involving many controlling factors. Mixing between hydrothermal °uid and seawater plays a key role in this process. The results of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) indicate that mixing of the evolved seawater and hydrothermal °uid, which is wildly developed within the Trans-Atlantic Geo- Traverse (TAG) hydrothermal deposit, governs the internal structure and chemical compositions of the deposit to great extent. Taking the TAG ˉeld for example, the mixing processes of hydrothermal °uid with the seawater heated to di?erent extent are calculated, so as to discuss the impact of hydrothermal °uid/seawater mixing on the formation process of the sulˉde deposit. The results indicate that: (1) mixing between the heated seawater and hydrothermal °uid derived from the deep deposit is largely responsible for the wild precipitation of anhydrite within the TAG hydrothermal deposit; (2) 330{310 ±C is a special temperature range in the mixing process; (3) the mixing and hydrothermal processes in di?erent zones of the TAG hydrothermal deposit (TAG-1, TAG-2 and TAG-5, etc.) have been discussed based on the simulated results.  相似文献   

胡安·德富卡洋脊因代沃段热液黑烟囱体成矿物质来源:硫同位素的限制     

姚会强  周怀阳  彭晓彤  何高文 《海洋学报》2010,32(5):25-33

选取胡安.德富卡洋脊(Juan de Fuca Ridge,JDFR)因代沃(Endeavour)段的17个热液黑烟囱体样品对其中的硫同位素进行分析测定,讨论了因代沃段热液活动区内黑烟囱体成矿的物质来源、将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据耦合,并结合前人的成果得到如下认识:(1)因代沃段硫化物的硫同位素组成与其他无沉积物覆盖的洋脊硫化物硫同位素组成相似,然而其相比于南胡安.德富卡洋脊(South Juan de Fuca Ridge,SJFR)硫化物亏损重同位素;(2)结合前人研究成果,如果SJFR硫化物的硫全部来自基底玄武岩的淋洗与海水中的硫酸盐,那么因代沃段硫化物的硫可能有1%～3%来自沉积物的贡献,故提出因代沃段成矿系统中的硫来源主要来自基底玄武岩,同时伴随有少量海水硫酸盐来源及沉积物来源的硫加入;(3)将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据进行耦合发现热液流体中的沉积物信号与硫化物中的硫可能来自不同的源,并提出沉积物端元可能位于下渗区。  相似文献   

Deep-sea mining of seafloor massive sulfides     

Porter Hoagland  Stace Beaulieu  Maurice A. Tivey  Roderick G. Eggert  Christopher German  Lyle Glowka  Jian Lin 《Marine Policy》2010

The potential emergence of an ocean mining industry to exploit seafloor massive sulfides could present opportunities for oceanographic science to facilitate seafloor mineral development in ways that lessen environmental harms.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部块状白云岩的深埋藏白云石化机制   总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28  

张永生 《沉积学报》2000,18(3):424-430

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部发育一套厚层块状白云岩。在西部地区定边至鄂托克旗一带,这套块状白云岩连续厚度达数百米。定探 1井揭示的最大厚度为 431m。自西向东,白云岩体由厚变薄,并与石灰岩呈指状交织。这套块状白云岩由粗粉晶-细晶白云石组成,斑状结构发育。常见云斑的边界为缝合线,这表明斑状白云石化明显受缝合线控制。白云岩有序度平均值为 0.85,CaCO₃ 摩尔含量平均为 5 0.6 5 g/mol。δ13 C的平均值为 0.6‰ (PDB),δ18O的平均值为 - 7.4‰ (PDB)。主体细晶白云石中液态包体常见,最低均一温度为 104℃,包体成分中含有大量的有机成分CH₄ 和无机成分H₂ S。上述特征表明,这套白云岩是由深埋藏白云岩化作用形成的,它显示出良好的储集性能,是重要的后备储集岩。  相似文献   

加拿大Sullivan超大型Pb-Zn-Ag矿床中几个指示成矿环境的特征矿物研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

蒋少涌 《高校地质学报》2000,6(2):173-177

加拿大Sullivan矿床是世界上最典型的SEDEX型Pb-Zn-Ag矿床。对该矿床中产出的几个特征矿物,如硼矿物电气石,富氯的方柱石和黑云母,富钡的钾长石和白云母,及富锰的石榴子石、绿泥石、碳酸盐和钛铁矿进行了研究。指出这些矿物的存在反映了该矿床产出的物理化学环境。提出成矿流体可能淋滤了深部存在的非海相蒸发岩层,层状硫化物矿石可能形成于海底高盐度热卤水池中。  相似文献   

冰后期最大海侵以来长江口潮波特性的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱玉荣 《海洋科学》2000,24(5):34-36

冰后期最大海侵时,现今长江三角洲地区为一巨大河口湾,研究古长江河口湾及其周围海域的潮波特性,并与现今长江口的进行对比,有助于深入了解长江三角洲形成发育的动力过程。根据冰后期最大海侵时古长江河口湾及其周围海域３５个计算站一个半日潮周期的潮位、潮流过程曲线得知,冰后期最大海侵时古长江河口 及其周围海域的潮波为驻波以及驻波－前进波混合型。此后,丰古长江河口被充填、长江口东进南移,长江口的潮波也逐渐转 变  相似文献   

DMSP and DMS dynamics and microzooplankton grazing in the Labrador Sea: application of the dilution technique     

Gordon V. Wolfe  Maurice Levasseur  Guy Cantin  Sonia Michaud 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(12):687

We adapted the dilution technique to study microzooplankton grazing of algal dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) vs. Chl a, and to estimate the impact of microzooplankton grazing on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production in the Labrador Sea. Phytoplankton numbers were dominated by autotrophic nanoflagellates in the Labrador basin, but diatoms and colonial Phaeocystis pouchetii contributed significantly to phytomass at several high chlorophyll stations and on the Newfoundland and Greenland shelfs. Throughout the region, growth of algal Chl a and DMSP was generally high (0.2–1 d⁻¹), but grazing rates were lower and more variable, characteristic of the early spring bloom period. Production and consumption of Chl a vs. DMSP followed no clear pattern, and sometimes diverged greatly, likely because of their differing distributions among algal prey taxa and size class. In several experiments where Phaeocystis was abundant, we observed DMS production proportional to grazing rate, and we found clear evidence of DMS production by this haptophyte following physical stress such as sparging or filtration. It is possible that grazing-activated DMSP cleavage by Phaeocystis contributes to grazer deterrence: protozoa and copepods apparently avoided healthy colonies (as judged by relative growth and grazing rates of Chl a and DMSP), and grazing of Phaeocystis was significant only at one station where cells were in poor condition. Although we hoped to examine selective grazing on or against DMSP-containing algal prey, the dilution technique cannot differentiate selective ingestion and varying digestion rates of Chl a and DMSP. We also found that the dilution method alone was poorly suited for assessing the impact of grazing on dissolved sulfur pools, because of rapid microbial consumption and the artifactual release of DMSP and DMS during filtration. Measuring and understanding the many processes affecting organosulfur cycling by the microbial food web in natural populations remain a technical challenge that will likely require a combination of techniques to address.  相似文献