Aeromagnetic And Aeroradiometric Response To Hydrothermal Alteration     

M.-L. Airo 《Surveys in Geophysics》2002,23(4):273-302

In Precambrian terrains all regional and most localintensive magnetic anomalies areproduced by magnetite. Monoclinic pyrrhotite isresponsible for some local, but oftenintensive, magnetic anomaly patterns. Both magnetiteand pyrrhotite are affected byhydrothermal alteration processes in various ways,resulting in changes either inabundance or in grain fabric. These changes arerecorded in the magnetic properties ofthe altered rock units and reflected in theiraeromagnetic signatures. Hydrothermalalteration in deformed bedrock zones is commonlycontrolled by structural or tectonicfeatures. Regional high-resolution aerogeophysicalsurveys can be utilized, in bothregional and detailed investigations, to map theoverall geological and tectonic settingor to estimate local changes in magnetic mineralogyand the relative abundance ofradionuclides.Magnetite is most commonly destroyed in alterationprocesses, such as biotitization,carbonation, sulfidization and silicification. Theprogressive destruction of magnetitebegins at grain margins and results first in broken and cracked grain texture and smallergrain size, then progresses to total disappearanceof magnetite. Alteration in magnetite-bearing rock units may be recognized by decreasedmagnetic intensity and by thebroken, disrupted magnetic pattern. The abundance ofmonoclinic pyrrhotite isenhanced by reducing hydrothermal fluids, and typicalcrystal anisotropy is developeddue to tectonic stress.The relative contents of radioelements are changedin the same hydrothermal processesand partly for the same reasons as the ferrimagneticminerals. Potassic alteration oftenresults in elevated K radiation particularly formafic rocks, and then anomalous K/Thratios along local shear or fracture zones may beindicative of gold-bearingmineralization. On the other hand, high U/Th ratioswithin metasedimentary units maypoint out prospects for sulphidization. Althoughvariation of U/Th ratios largely reflectsthe environmental conditions during primarydiagenesis or a later deformational phase,mainly the decrease in Th radiation close tosulphide mineralization seems to beresponsible for the elevated U/Th ratios.  相似文献   

Cu-Mo-Sn-S四元系相关系     

吴大清 《矿物学报》1986,(2)

对Cu-Mo-Sn-S四元系500-640℃的相关系进行研究,并对相关的Cu-Sn-S三元系做了进一步研究与测定。实验表明,500℃时Cu-Sn-S系的稳定的三元化合物有Cu_4SnS_4、Cu_4SnS_6(或Cu_(9.75)Sn_(2.17)S_(13))、Cu_5Sn_2S_7(或Cu_(4.90)Sn_2S_(7.01))、Cu_2SnS_3和Cu_2Sn_3S_7(或Cu_2Sn_(3.26)S_(7.51))。这些三元化合物,除Cu_4SnS_4外,都与硫形成双变关系。 Cu-Mo-Sn-S四元系在500℃时相关系主要表现为MoS_2与Cu_4SnS_6、Cu_5Sn_2S_7、Cu_2SnS_3和Cu_2Sn_3S_7等各相的双变关系,以及金属与Cu_4SnS_4、Cu_5Sn_2S_7、Cu_2SnS_3和Cu_2Sn_3S_7的双变关系。 以不同起始原料,不同温度和方法合成Cu-Mo-Sn-S四元系中唯一的四元化合物——硫钼锡铜矿未获得成功。  相似文献   

我国首次发现的银镍黄铁矿     

莫少剑 《矿物学报》1986,(2)

我国的银镍黄铁矿产于广西融水县九毛锡矿区,粒度极细,反射率为25.9(470nm),34.8(546nm),35.8(589nm),39.7(650nm)。成分中含Ag 11.12—13.26％,Ni 19.06—23.07％,Fe 31.27—35.13％,Co 0.02—0.34％,Cu 微—4.70％,S 30.87—32.99％。  相似文献   

Detection of concealed Cu–Zn massive sulfide mineralization below eolian sand and a calcrete cover in the eastern part of the Namaqua Metamorphic Province, South Africa     

R. Ghavami-Riabi  H.F.J. Theart  C. De Jager 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,97(2-3):83-101

The regolith studied here is located at the defunct Areachap mine and the newly discovered Kantienpan Cu–Zn volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit, located in the Areachap Group of the eastern part of Mesoproterozoic Namaqua Metamorphic Province. This area is highly prospective for further VHMS discoveries. Paleo and recent weathering of the upper most parts of massive sulfide deposits led to the formation of a gossan zone. Due to semi-arid climatic conditions during the late Cretaceous, affecting the African Land surface, the lowermost units of the Kalahari Group and the underlying floor rocks were calcretized. An approximately 6 m thick calcrete layer formed above the gossan zone and this was later covered by eolian Kalahari sand. Samples were collected from the eolian sand cover in the study areas to determine the best analytical method that would enable recognition of the concealed ore deposits and detect the widest secondary dispersion halo.Mobile metal ions from the finest fraction of the eolian sand samples (< 75 μm) were extracted with a NH₄EDTA (EDTA) solution. The solution was analysed for Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The same grainsize fraction of the original samples was also analysed for comparison purposes by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF).Results indicate that the ore zone in both areas may be recognized by both partial and total analyses of the eolian sand samples collected, although the calcrete layer, below the sand cover, acts as a partial geochemical barrier. The recognition of the ore zone depends on the regolith forming processes and the thickness of the eolian sand cover. In the Areachap area, with a relatively thick sand cover (in excess of 1 m) above the calcrete layer, the detectable geochemical halo is related to the distribution of the mobile metal ions, and partial extraction (EDTA solution) results define a larger dispersion halo than that, that could be detected by total analysis (XRF). Whereas, in the Kantienpan area with a very thin sand cover (< 50 cm) dispersion appears to be related more to the secondary redistribution of gossaniferous clasts released by recent weathering out of the calcrete, than to dispersion of mobile metal ions on the surface of sand particles. In this area, the XRF results reveal a wider dispersion of the elements of interest.  相似文献   

The geology and structure of the Rustenburg Layered Suite in the Potgietersrus/Mokopane area of the Bushveld Complex,South Africa     

Mauritz J. van der Merwe 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(4):405-419

A new geological map of the Rustenburg Layered Suite south of the Ysterberg–Planknek fault of the northern/Potgietersrus limb of the Bushveld Complex is presented, displaying features that were not available for publication in the past and are considered contributing to the complexity of this region. The northern limb is known for the Platreef, atypical mafic lithologies in sections of the layered sequence and the unusual development of the ultramafic Lower Zone as satellite bodies or offshoots at the base of the intrusion. The outcrop and suboutcrop pattern of Lower Zone Grasvally body and its relation to the surrounding geology of Main Zone, Critical Zone, and floor rocks is described. The extent of the base metal sulfide (BMS) and platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized cyclic unit 11 of the Drummonlea harzburgite–chromitite sub zone is shown. Only that which is considered to be the equivalents of the mafic Upper Critical Zone has thus far been traced south of Potgietersrus/Mokopane. The Platreef is traced from the farm Townlands and further northwards. The presence of Platreef proper south of Potgietersrus/Mokopane appears to be speculative. However, Merensky Reef, UG 2, and equivalent layers outcrop or were intersected to the south of the town. The Kleinmeid Syncline comprising Main Zone/Critical Zone layers and its structure is discussed. The lateral lithological transfomation of the Merensky Reef/UG 2 and equivalent layers south of the Ysterberg–Planknek fault to Platreef north of this fault is recorded. Attenuation of both the Main Zone and Upper Zone is observed from the northwest towards the town and resulted in only the lower units being developed. The lateral change of Main Zone and Upper Zone lithologies from the northwest towards the town is described. The PGE and BMS economic potential south of the town are briefly tabulated.  相似文献   

Supergene sulphides and related minerals in the supergene profiles of VHMS deposits from the South Urals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E.V. Belogub  K.A. Novoselov  V.A. Yakovleva  B. Spiro 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,33(3-4):239-254

The mineralogy and structure of the supergene profile in recently-exploited volcaniс hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposits of Cyprus, Uralian and Kuroko type in the South Urals, Russia, have been studied. Specific subzones enriched in secondary sulphides and associated minerals have been distinguished in residual pyrite and quartz–pyrite sands at the Gayskoye, Zapadno-Ozernoye, Dzhusinskoye and Alexandrinskoye deposits. Besides minerals which are common to the cementation subzones (covellite, chalcocite and acanthite), non-stoichiometric colloform and framboidal pyrite, pyrite–dzharkenite, pyrrhotite-like and jordanite-like minerals, metacinnabar, sphalerite, selenium-enriched tetrahedrite and unidentified As-, Sb sulphosalts of Pb or Hg and Ag, sulphur-bearing clausthalite, naumannite and tiemannite were also found. Secondary sulphide minerals in VHMS deposits of the South Urals region are characterized by light sulphur isotope compositions (− 8.1 to − 17.2‰). Superposition of the advanced oxidation of colloform pyrite, an enrichment in impurities (sphalerite, galena, and tennantite) from the primary ores, stagnant water conditions, an elevation of the water table during oxidation, and bacterial activity led to supergene concentrations of the base metals as sulphide, selenides or sulphosalts.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Sulfide Chimneys and Basement Pillow Lavas at the Southern Mariana Trough (12.55°N–12.58°N)     

Takeshi Kakegawa    Motoo Utsumi  Katsumi Marumo 《Resource Geology》2008,58(3):249-266

Three submarine hydrothermal sites (Snail, Y and Pika sites) in the southern Mariana area were investigated to clarify the geochemical difference between off-axis and on-axis submarine hydrothermal activities and volcanic rocks. The Snail and Y sites are located on the axis of the spreading ridge, and the Pika site is located on the off-axis region. Low-temperature venting of submarine hydrothermal fluids was observed at the Snail and Y sites. High-temperature black smoker activities were found at the Pika site. For further geochemical study, sulfide chimneys and mounds were collected from each site by manned submersible Shinkai 6500 . Basement short drill cores of volcanic rocks and sulfides were also obtained from the Snail and Pika sites using a multi-coring system. All drilled pillow lavas were tholeiitic andesite with a narrow range of chemical variation. Significant enrichments of Rb, Ba and Th were absent in both on-axis (Y and Snail sites) and off-axis (Pika site) samples, suggesting the least incorporation of subducting sediments to the magmatic system. Concentrations of Au and Ag in the sulfide chimney were within the range of massive sulfides at the mid-ocean ridge rather than typical arc-type massive sulfides. It is found that sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides were different between the on-axis and off-axis samples: on-axis samples had heavy δ³⁴S (+2.9–+8.7‰) and off-axis samples (–0.3 to +3.8‰) were similar to the local magmatic value. Such a regional difference probably results from changes of deep hydrothermal processes during the water–rock interaction rather than differences in tectonic settings.  相似文献   

TSR产物对碳酸盐岩储层是否具有改良作用——实验地质学的依据   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张建勇  刘文汇  范明  蒋小琼  马凤良  卿颖 《海相油气地质》2008,13(2):57-61

采用SYS-1型碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率测定仪,选取四川东北地区5种碳酸盐岩样进行溶蚀实验,研究了三种主要TSR流体产物对碳酸盐岩的改造作用。H2S的溶蚀能力相对较强,在120℃温度下对微晶灰岩的溶蚀率可达17.09%;CO2的溶蚀能力次之;水的溶蚀作用可以忽略不计。H2S和CO2这两种酸性溶液的溶蚀能力从常温到200℃呈较强—强—弱的变化趋势,其中CO2的最大溶蚀率所处温度范围为60～90℃,H2S的最大溶蚀率所处温度范围为60～150℃。TSR产物中的酸性气体可以对储层进行改造,但不一定能够改良储层,而TSR过程中石膏向方解石的转变可以使储层孔隙度增加,从而改良储层物性。  相似文献   

一种混合式P2P下的大规模地形数据传输机制   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

喻占武  郑胜  李忠民 《测绘学报》2008,37(2):0-249

海量地形数据的网络传输和可视化是实现网络环境下大规模地形漫游的关键。传统的客户端／服务器结构,随着用户的增加,面临着负载过大,性能下降等问题。基于对等网结构,提出一种混合式对等网络模型下的地形数据传输机制PeerVOLT,能够以较小的服务器代价实现大规模地形数据的传输。PeerVOLT中每个节点都分配有一定的数据空间缓存接收的地形数据,同时缓存组成员列表和地形数据索引列表,同组成员节点通过交换地形数据缓冲映射表共享地形数据。通过实验原型系统比较测试表明,PeerVOLT系统的服务器负载和地形数据的平均传输速率优于传统的客户端／服务器的单播模式。  相似文献   

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气地球化学特征与成因   总被引：29，自引：3，他引：26  

谢增业  田世澄  李剑  胡国艺  李志生  马成华 《地球化学》2004,33(6):567-573

四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,含量主要分布在75%～90%之间,C2 含量很少,为0%～0.15%,干燥系数为0.997 0～0.999 8,是典型的干气;非烃气体以H2S和CO2为主,含量分别为4.21%～16.24%和0.97%～10.41%.天然气δ13C1值为-29.0‰～-31.5‰,δ13C2值为-29.4‰～-32.4‰.多参数表明鲕滩气藏天然气是以腐泥型为主的高过成熟天然气.高含H2S的天然气分布区域与含石膏地层分布基本一致,这些H2S为飞仙关组气藏附近的石膏经热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)而生成,CO2是其主要的副产物.在TSR过程中,C2 重烃气体比甲烷更容易与硫酸盐发生反应,也就是C2 重烃气体的消耗速率大于甲烷,从而导致发生TSR反应的天然气C2 含量低、H2S和CO2含量高.天然气δ13C1值与甲烷含量之间具有很好的负相关关系,而与天然气酸性系数[H2S/(H2S CnH2n 2)]具有正相关关系.根据同位素动力学的分馏效应,随着TSR的进行,烃类分子中的12C损耗速率大于13C,残留下来的烃类分子中则更加富集13C,也就是TSR反应使天然气碳同位素变重.  相似文献