基于形态重构的图像去噪方法研究     

蒋志勇  秦前清  陈晓玲  陈楚群 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(5):6-7

应用数学形态学中的形态重构滤波,对噪声图像进行了处理,在去除噪声的同时,也保持了边缘及细节信息。  相似文献   

气象灾害事件的数学形态学特征及空间表现   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

扈海波王迎春  刘伟东 《应用气象学报》2007,18(6):802-809

几何面特征是气象灾害的主要空间形态表现, 气象要素值的同化结果、下垫面地表类型、人口和财产的聚集特征组合在灾害特征面上的分布情况呈现显著空间差异及分布不均衡。利用空间分析和数学形态学方法, 依据城市地区复杂下垫面所表现的地表土地覆盖类型, 生成数字化动态卷积模板, 对建立在气象要素分布图上的图谱化网格进行动态膨胀和腐蚀操作, 计算结果可图形化表示为气象灾害在城市空间面上的影响图谱, 并以此作为气象灾害在城市地区造成影响的空间评估结果。针对北京1999年7月22日的高温灾害性天气的个例研究结果表明, 靠近或包含“水体”和“绿地”的空间网格区域大多被执行了腐蚀操作, 而建筑用地、道路、水泥地面等分布较集中区域的空间网格, 则被执行了膨胀操作。因此, 采用数学形态学的“面状灾害事件”空间形态特征的演算对表现灾害自然强度及评估多致灾因子下灾害的真实影响情况是非常有效的。  相似文献   

推移质翻越低坝输移特性的试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

晏自立  徐元  李丹勋 《水科学进展》2020,31(3):356-365

对于山区河流低坝而言,平时淤积在坝前的推移质粗沙可能会在洪水期集中翻越坝顶,形成高强度输沙。本文开展水槽试验,研究推移质粗沙自上游起动、推进、再翻越坝顶后向下游输移的过程,分析了输沙参数的变化特性及数理规律,描述了翻坝输沙模式及运动特征,揭示了输沙规律与河床形态之间的自然联系。取得如下认识:①输沙量随时间大致以幂函数规律增长。②低坝附近区域河床形态终将趋于稳定,上游和下游均形成相对稳定的曲面斜坡淤积体。③在不同的水流强度下推移质翻坝输移模式存在差异。对于一般水流强度工况,上游淤积体曲面斜坡表面泥沙颗粒以滚动或滑动模式起动,推移至接近坝顶位置时再跃移翻坝,后向下游输移;对于更高水流强度工况,后期的翻坝输沙模式可能发生显著转变,周期性边壁漩涡成为翻坝输沙的主要动力来源。  相似文献   

Quantitative Morphology Of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) In February – April 1997     

Vanscheidt  R.  Bleul  H.  Manthey  E.  Jütte  M.  Pohlen  M.  Schmidtobreick  L.  Altmann  M.  Dieball  A.  Geffert  M.  Sanner  J.  Notni  P.  Schmoll  J. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1998,81(3):223-231

Extensive widefield CCD direct imaging of C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at UBVRI was carried out at Hoher List Observatory with the 1.06 m telescope (field of view 20′ × 20′) and at Potsdam Observatory with the 0.70 m telescope (field of view 8′ × 8′). The corresponding spatial resolution is 850–1000 km pix^-1and 525–590 km pix^-1, respectively. The data covers 25 nights from February 20 to April 21, 1997. In order to quantify the various features in the apparent inner coma we introduce a new tomographic method that minimizes the morphological bias caused by image processing. The tomographic analysis leads to quantitative maps refering to the position and intensity of the dust ejections for each image frame. Variability and periodicity within the inner coma can be thoroughly deduced due to various sets of consecutive nights in the observation period mentioned above. The results are compared with applications of adaptive Laplace filtering. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

潮汐河口二维动床紊流模型   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

陆永军  袁美琦 《水科学进展》1998,9(2):151-158

给出了正交曲线坐标系下平面二维非恒定动床紊流模型基本方程组,即水流运动方程及潮汐水流不平衡输沙方程。对计算中的有关问题提出了处理方法,如基本资料及代表潮过程选取、糙率的确定、悬沙粒径及沉速、挟沙能力恢复饱和系数及河床冲淤判别条件等。以甬江口为例,计算了镇海弯道至大游山口门约5km河段潮汐水流潮位及流速过程、丁坝作用下的回流域及疏浚与整治相结合的河床变形,计算结果与野外资料吻合良好。在此基础上,计算了宁波大桥桥墩作用下的水流结构变化及对镇海港航道的冲淤影响。  相似文献   

计算机技术与地矿工作信息化   总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37  

吴冲龙 《地学前缘》1998,5(2):343-355

地矿工作信息化已经成为时代的潮流。地矿工作信息化水平,也已经成为衡量地矿工作现代化程度的主要标志。地矿工作信息化工程的核心,是地质矿产信息系统建设,而主要技术手段是计算机应用。当前,计算机应用已经渗透到地质工作的全过程,成为地质工作新技术、新方法应用的主流,极大地推动了地矿工作的前进。地矿工作信息化领域的计算机应用涉及计算机技术领域的多个分支前缘。本文根据所掌握的几个主要方面的资料,评介了国内外计算机技术在地矿工作信息化领域的应用现状与发展趋势。  相似文献   

The influence of organic debris on channel morphology and bedload transport in a New Zealand forest stream     

M. Paul Mosley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(6):571-579

The behaviour and form of, and bedload sediment transport through, a 3.5 m wide forest stream have been monitored for nearly three years. Bedload transport is highly episodic and spatially variable, and is controlled less by water discharge than by sediment availability. Organic debris in the channel creates temporary base levels and sites at which coarse sediment may remain stored for long periods; collapse or disruption of log and debris jams makes sediment available for transport in only a small proportion of the runoff events that are actually competent to move the material. Even then, sediment travels only a short distance before being redeposited, frequently behind debris accumulations further downstream. Rates of sediment transport during a given runoff event can vary markedly over short distances along the stream, again depending on whether sediment was made available for transport by log jam collapse upstream. Organic debris is therefore a major constraint on the application of physical laws and theories to explaining sediment movement in, and the morphology of, this stream.  相似文献   

Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edward A. Keller  Frederick J. Swanson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(4):361-380

Stream channel development in forested areas is profoundly influenced by large organic debris (logs, limbs and rootwads greater than 10 cm in diameter) in the channels. In low gradient meandering streams large organic debris enters the channel through bank erosion, mass wasting, blowdown, and collapse of trees due to ice loading. In small streams large organic debris may locally influence channel morphology and sediment transport processes because the stream may not have the competency to redistribute the debris. In larger streams flowing water may move large organic debris, concentrating it into distinct accumulations (debris jams). Organic debris may greatly affect channel form and process by: increasing or decreasing stability of stream banks; influencing development of midchannel bars and short braided reaches; and facilitating, with other favourable circumstances, development of meander cutoffs. In steep gradient mountain streams organic debris may enter the channel by all the processes mentioned for low gradient streams. In addition, considerable debris may also enter the channel by way of debris avalanches or debris torrents. In small to intermediate size mountain streams with steep valley walls and little or no floodplain or flat valley floor, the effects of large organic debris on the fluvial processes and channel form may be very significant. Debris jams may locally accelerate or retard channel bed and bank erosion and/or deposition; create sites for significant sediment storage; and produce a stepped channel profile, herein referred to as ‘organic stepping’, which provides for variable channel morphology and flow conditions. The effect of live or dead trees anchored by rootwads into the stream bank may not only greatly retard bank erosion but also influence channel width and the development of small scour holes along the channel beneath tree roots. Once trees fall into the stream, their influence on the channel form and process may be quite different than when they were defending the banks, and, depending on the size of the debris, size of the stream, and many other factors, their effects range from insignificant to very important.  相似文献   

对流层平流层气溶胶粒子的形态和化学组成   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

许黎  樊小标  石广玉  岩坂泰信  奥原靖彦  原圭一郎  龚知本  周军 《气象学报》1998,56(5):551-559

分析研究了１９９３年和１９９４年的８月、９月在香河地区上空采集的单个气溶胶粒子的形态及化学元素和化合物的组成。结果表明：１９９３年,在对流层大气中的气溶胶颗粒经常出现不规则形的粒子,可能是土壤粒子;而在平流层大气中的颗粒以具有“卫星”结构的硫酸粒子为主;硫酸铵粒子则经常出现在对流层的中、下部。香河地区上空颗粒物的化学元素组成比较复杂,单一化学元素组成的粒子较少,粒子主要含有Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ和Ｓ等元素。气溶胶的化合物有硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐等  相似文献   

An Experimental Test of the Capacity of Food Web Interactions (Fish–Epiphytes–Seagrasses) to Offset the Negative Consequences of Eutrophication on Seagrass Communities     

E. Gacia  M. M. Littler  D. S. Littler   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,48(6):757

A mechanism of competition between epiphytes and seagrasses potentially modulated by grazers was studied in a high-nutrient Thalassia testudinum meadow in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.). The effects of fish grazing on epiphytes, and likely enhancing T. testudinum growth, was tested through an exclusion experiment. Twelve (2×2m) independent experimental plots were selected within a shallow monospecific bed to which three randomized treatments (exclusion fences, open fences and controls) with four replicates each were assigned. The epiphyte load was monitored on T. testudinum leaves inside the plots from January 1995 to March 1996. Treatment effects occurred during a chlorophyte bloom in March 1995, when the epiphyte biomass was significantly higher inside the exclusion cages than in either of the controls. The composition of the epiphytic community in March 1995 was dominated by sheet-like Enteromorpha and filamentous algae such as Cladophora , which are less resistant to herbivory than the coarsely-branched forms of red algae (e.g. Hypnea , Chondria and Acanthophora) that bloomed subsequently. These results suggest that herbivory change seasonally depending on the availability of different prey species to fish-grazers, which preferentially utilize the fleshy green algae typical of bloom conditions over the thicker coarsely-branched red algae. In the nutrient-rich lagoon the role of top-down interactions in enhancing T. testudinum growth is limited to the reduction of shading by green macroalgae.  相似文献