铅污染对黄土宏观持水性能和微观结构演化的影响研究     

文少杰  郑文杰  胡文乐 《岩土力学》2023,(2):451-460

垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的重金属与土体发生物理化学反应,可能导致土体微观结构的改变,重金属等有毒物质得以扩散、运移,威胁人体健康和周边环境。为探究重金属污染对黄土宏观持水性及微观结构的影响,采用轴平移技术测得铅污染黄土的土-水特征曲线。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、压汞（MIP）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位试验,阐明细观结构变化特征。结果表明：铅污染黄土的进气值随铅离子浓度的增加而减小,当铅污染浓度由0 mg/kg增加至2 000 mg/kg时,进气值从19.18 kPa下降至12.12 kPa;铅污染导致持水性能降低,渗透系数随铅离子浓度的增加而增加,饱和渗透系数从7.92×10–8 m/s增加到3.73×10–7 m/s;铅污染引起的物理化学反应及Zeta电位的降低导致絮凝结构形成,小孔隙占比减小,中孔隙占比增加;铅污染引起的微观结构演化与宏观持水性和渗透性具有良好的对应关系。该研究结果可为重金属污染场地非饱和渗流及溶质运移等问题的研究提供重要参数。  相似文献   

粉土中吸力桶沉贯阻力与土塞失稳机理研究     

余璐庆  吕学金  李玲玲  沈侃敏  邢月龙 《海洋工程》2015,33(1):39-48

针对粉土中吸力桶在吸力沉贯中的两个关键性问题——沉贯阻力和内部土体稳定性,在自行研制的试验平台上进行了一系列吸力桶沉贯模型试验。试验结果表明,粉土中吸力沉贯时,Andersen所提供的基于CPT锥尖强度的阻力计算公式能较好预测阻力发展趋势,但计算结果偏小;而修正的承载力公式预测结果在沉贯前期与实测值较吻合,沉贯后期预测偏大。吸力沉贯前期,贯入阻力随深度稳步增长,直到贯入深度达到某个临界值后,阻力增长缓慢甚至保持不变。桶内粉土在吸力作用下的失稳机理与黏土或砂土不同,在渗透力作用下表现为从土层表面开始的自上而下管涌或渗流侵蚀。沉贯后期,端部土体在较高水头差下发生失稳并向桶内流动,造成了桶内土体密度降低,端阻力与内壁摩阻力降低,总贯入阻力主要由外壁摩阻力提供。并结合有限元模拟对上述实验现象的内在机理进行了解释。  相似文献   

非饱和抗剪强度指标c、φ值与含水率w的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李金玉  杨庆  孟长江 《岩土工程技术》2010,24(5):243-247

非饱和土力学已经确认了基质吸力与非饱和土的强度指标有关,而基质吸力与含水率有着密切的关系。通过理论和三轴剪切试验分析,探讨了非饱和残积土抗剪强度指标c、φ与含水率ω变化的一般规律;同时结合已经推出的土水特征曲线关系,探讨抗剪强度指标c、φ与基质吸力μ的变化的一般规律。结果表明:随着非饱和土含水率ω增加、基质吸力μ的减小,黏聚力c有减少的趋势,内摩擦角φ变化不大。通过线性回归分析,黏聚力与含水率成半对数线性关系,黏聚力与基质吸力成线性关系。现有的非饱和土实用公式精确性较差,非饱和土抗剪强度指标有待进一步的研究与完善。  相似文献   

An unsaturated soil model with minimal number of parameters based on bounding surface plasticity     

M. Morvan  H. Wong  D. Branque 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(14):1512-1537

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Simulation of infiltration from porous clay pipe in subsurface irrigation     

SHAHRAM ASHRAFI  ASHIM DAS GUPTA  MUKAND SINGH BABEL  NORIHIRO IZUMI  RAINER LOOF 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):253-268

Abstract

Advances in the traditional method of subsurface porous clay pipe irrigation rely on knowledge of the distribution of water in the soil. Knowing the relationships among the hydraulic and physical parameters in the system is important for both the design and management of the system. To simulate the infiltration from the porous clay pipe and predict the wetted zone geometry in the soil, a computer model is developed herein. Laboratory experiments were conducted on soil samples representing two different soil textures in a specially designed bin to understand the flow phenomenon and to validate the developed model. In a given soil texture, the installation depth of the pipe and the volume of water applied in the soil are the major factors affecting the wetted zone. The relationships among various parameters, namely lateral spacing, installation depth, irrigation run time, hydraulic conductivity of the body of the pipe, and hydraulic head in the system, were established using the developed model.  相似文献   

Mathematical attributes of some soil–water characteristic curve models     

W. Scott Sillers  Delwyn G. Fredlund  Noshin Zakerzaheh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2001,19(3-4):243-283

Numerous mathematical models have been proposed in the research literature to represent soil–water characteristic curve data. A number of proposed mathematical models are summarized and the significance of each of the associated soil parameters is illustrated. The advantages and disadvantages of the various mathematical models are outlined. The derivatives for each of the model equations are presented along with comments regarding the efficiency of the best-fit regression procedures.The models using three soil parameters models proved to be superior for representing the wide range of soil suctions required in solving geotechnical problems. Regression analyses using three soil parameters were shown to be numerically more stable, converging with a reasonable number of iterations.  相似文献   

非饱和黄土渗透性的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁燕  谢永利  刘保健  于友成 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(2):27-30

通过对甘肃陇西地区的湿陷性黄土做现场浸水试验和室内渗透试验、粒度分析试验，得到了陇西黄土的渗透系数（K20）随孔隙比（e）和吸力（s）的变化规律，为研究黄土浸水入渗规律，求解湿陷性黄土非稳态渗流方程做了必要的准备。  相似文献   

Effect of loading rate on the volume change behavior of unsaturated residual soil     

Bujang B. K. Huat  Faisal Hj. Ali  F. H. Choong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1527-1544

Residual soils occur in most countries of the world but those that occur in greater area and depth are usually found in the tropical humid areas. This research examines the effects of loading rate of applied or net mean stress on the volume change behavior of an unsaturated granitic residual soil. Three loading rates were adopted: fast, slow and extra slow loading rate. It was observed that the loading rate of applied or net mean stress has a pronounced effect on the void ratio and degree of saturation but has an insignificant effect on the water content of residual soils subjected to constant matric suction.  相似文献   

Water infiltration characteristics of unsaturated soil slope and its effect on suction and stability   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Bujang B. K. Huat  Faisal HJ. Ali  T. H. Low 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1293-1306

Rainfall has been considered the cause of the majority of slope failures and landslides that happened in regions experiencing high seasonal rainfalls. The mechanism of the failures was mainly due to the lost of matric suction of soils by rainwater. This paper presents the results of a laboratory model study on the effect of slope angle and surface cover on water infiltration into soil and soil matric suction. A field infiltration test is carried out for comparison. A parametric study is also done to examine the effect of permeability ratio, development of perched water table and rainfall intensity on the factor of safety against instability of a soil slope. Results of the model study show that different surface covers on slopes have an effect on the water infiltration. Generally the covered surface (grass or geosynthetic net) has a lower infiltration rate compared with the bare (no cover) surface. On the effect of slope angle, it was observed that water infiltration decrease with increase in the slope steepness. With regards to the movement of the wetting front, it appears that water infiltration is more at the toe compared with the top of the model slope. Based on the parametric study, it is found factor of safety of the slope against instability drops for slope with higher ratio of permeability for the permeable and impermeable stratum. As the perched water table is formed, the factor of safety decreased. The rainfall intensity also has a marked effect on the slope factor of safety. The higher the intensity of the rainfall, the higher is the infiltration rate into the soil, hence the lower is the factor of safety against slope instability.  相似文献   

Methods of metal release assessment in soil water at anoxic sites     

Nele Schuwirth  Thilo Hofmann 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(6):579-586

Metal mobility at contaminated sites can be assessed by soil water investigations or by leaching tests. Leaching tests are usually carried out in open contact with the atmosphere disregarding possible changes of redox conditions. This can affect the original metal speciation and distribution, particularly when anoxic samples are investigated. In this study, the applicability of common leaching tests (the German S4 test (S4), ammonium nitrate extraction (AmmN), and saturation soil extraction (SSE)) is tested for the assessment of zinc release from sulfide‐bearing flotation residues of a former ore mine. Results are compared to soil solution samples obtained by centrifugation and suction cups. The influence of sample storage on S4 leaching test results is investigated in a long‐term study to assess oxidation kinetics. Within the first 200 days the release of zinc increases with a slope of 0.1 mmol kg^–1 d^–1 or 6.0 mg kg^–1 d^–1, respectively. Since oxidation of the sulfide‐bearing samples leads to a significant overestimation of metal release, a feasible modification for the conduction of leaching tests for anoxic material is proposed where oxidation is prevented efficiently. The modified SSE is found to be the only of the tested leaching procedures, which can be recommended for the assessment of current soil water concentrations at anoxic sites if direct investigation of the soil water is impossible due to technical reasons.  相似文献