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81.
82.
岩石力学性质及地应力等地质力学参数是进行储层压裂改造的基础数据,影响着整个压裂设计的准确性。由于页岩层理发育及矿物组成的复杂性、页岩力学性质的横观各向同性,所以基于传统力学模型获取的压裂参数设计将丧失意义。以横向各向同性模型体现层理发育页岩储层的力学性质,通过简化的横纵弹性模量和泊松比可以较好地表达出页岩的横观各向同性,并总结了横观各向同性地应力解释方法。基于上述理论,应用商业化水力压裂数模软件对四川盆地某层理页岩储层进行了压裂设计,比较了基于横观各向同性模型与传统模型解释力学参数差异,非常规储层动静态力学参数转换,同时通过改变射孔位置研究了起裂点对裂缝形态的影响。研究发现,横观各向同性解释的杨氏模量、地应力要略高于传统方法,同时横观各向同性解释的地层地应力差较小,所以受不同射孔位置的变化对裂缝几何的形态影响要远远高于各向同性模型模拟的结果,特别是缝高变化更为明显。同时数据表明,在高应力区射孔将形成更为狭窄缝宽的水力裂缝,这会严重影响后续支撑剂的进入,以上结论将为提高页岩储层的压裂设计精确性给予重要帮助。 相似文献
83.
为了提升微生物固化砂土的效果,考虑火山灰的多孔结构及活性特征,设计进行了火山灰增强微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）固化砂土试验,综合宏观物理力学试验和微细观检测,系统分析了火山灰对微生物固化砂土的增强效果及增强机制。结果表明：（1）火山灰能够显著提高砂土微生物加固过程中的固菌率和胶结物产量,火山灰掺量在10%左右达到最佳,与常规MICP相比,固菌率提高了118.28%,胶结物生成量提高了29.55%。（2）火山灰的掺入提高了固化体的抗压强度和抵抗变形的能力,不同围压下固化体的抗压强度提升了52.26%～62.96%,破坏时的应变增加了100.00%～112.58%。（3）火山灰掺入后,固化体的孔隙大小及孔隙率明显减小,整体的密实性及抗渗性能进一步提升,孔隙率从20.12%减小为14.17%,渗透系数降低了一个数量级。（4）火山灰对微生物固化砂土的增强机制主要包括3个方面,一方面,火山灰在砂颗粒间起到了良好的充填作用,大幅减少了颗粒间的大孔隙,使得固化体的密实性增强;另一方面,火山灰良好的吸附作用有效提高了试样内细菌的含量,使固化体碳酸钙的产量及分布的均匀性均增加;第3方面,火山灰中的活性物质参与反应生成的胶凝物质与碳酸钙晶体形成复合凝胶体,使得固化体的胶结性能和密实程度进一步增强。 相似文献
84.
For many decades most oil wells in Iran have produced using their natural flow potential and haven’t needed to be fractured. As time goes by, the reservoir pressure depletes and the need for hydraulic fracturing as a stimulation practice arises. Nonetheless there is no record of successful hydraulic fracturing in Iran.
The Bangestan reservoir with a suitable amount of oil in place and good rock reservoirs, has been selected for the present research work. In this work, the in situ stress profile was calculated by using the available petrophysical data. This is achieved by using poroelastic theory for the stresses, and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion to predict failure. The model leads to easily computed expressions for calculating the pressure required to maintain hydraulic fracturing. Then the appropriate depth for treatment was determined. The results indicate that Ilam and Sarvak formations could be good candidates for hydraulic fracturing. Then, for two layers, a hydraulic fracture was designed and the production was predicted and the Net Present Value (NPV) resulting from the fracture of both layers was investigated. 相似文献
85.
The stress produced by repeated train loads decreases with increasing railway subgrade bed depth, and slightly weathered coarse particles of subgrade bed fillings can be broken at different levels under continuous load. Thus, the mass of fine soil, with a diameter of not more than 0.075 mm, is different at different depths. Fine soil is also sensitive to frost heave and thaw settlement. In order to study the effects of non-uniformly distributed fine soil on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil of the Shenyang-Dandong Railway, triaxial tests were conducted with three types of specimens, undergoing six freeze-thaw cycle numbers(0, 1, 3, 7, 9, 12) and three confining pressures(100, 200, 300 k Pa). The freezing temperature is-5 °C and the thawing temperature is +15 °C. The stress-strain behavior, static strength, resilient modulus, cohesive force and the angle of internal friction were measured for different tested specimens. As a result, the law of static strength and resilient modulus of different specimens following the increase of freeze-thaw cycles under three confining pressures is obtained. The changing law of cohesive force and friction angle of three specimens following the increase of freeze-thaw cycles is also calculated, and the different results of different specimens are also compared. 相似文献
86.
道路建设中,测设填挖线是经常遇到的问题,就此提出了TPS(全站仪)在任意控制点设站、测定辅助点和填挖点的放样方法。该方法的关键之处是,利用曲线要素推算各放样点的坐标,然后在道路施工现场附近选择一视野开阔的控制点安置TPS,一次性放样出全视野内的辅助点和填挖点,并连接填挖点组成填挖边线。为保证各阶削坡的精度,应注意保护各辅助点的平面位置,正确地削出最上阶平台,以控制以下各阶削坡。而以往的放样方法是抬竿法,需要在逐个横断面多次设站,用定向、量距、抬高的方法放样填挖点。这种方法的缺点是:效率低下,作业难度大,累计误差大。显然,用TPS一次设站,放样若干横断面填挖点的方法,提高了施工效率,降低了作业难度,且提高了放样点的精度。 相似文献
87.
88.
Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles, two types of rocks (granite and andesite), used as slope protection for the Qinghai-Tibet
Railway, were tested according to the special climatic conditions in the Tibetan Plateau, and their various damage processes in appearance
were carefully observed. Observation results show that damage of andesite was more serious than that of granite. Using
an acoustic instrument, ultrasonic velocity was tested. The changing trends of velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles were
analyzed, and the freeze-thaw cycle damaging the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can be seen. According to the
changing trends of ultrasonic velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, mechanical parameters of rocks, such as dynamic
elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and dynamic bulk modulus were analyzed. It is found that they all have declining trends as the
number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, and in particular, when the cycle number reaches a certain extent, the Poisson’s ratio of
rocks begins to become negative. 相似文献
89.
王廷春 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(6):569-572
对非线性Schrödinger方程给出了一个线性化紧致差分格式,运用不动点定理和能量方法证明了格式的唯一可解性,还运用能量方法和数学归纳法,避开困难的先验估计,证明格式在空间方向和时间方向分别具有四阶和二阶精度,数值算例验证了格式的精度和数值稳定性. 相似文献
90.