Mantle process beneath Philippine Sea back-arc spreading ridges: A synthesis of peridotite petrology and tectonics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yasuhiko  Ohara 《Island Arc》2006,15(1):119-129

Abstract In order to obtain a general view of the mantle process beneath a back‐arc basin spreading ridge, the diversity of peridotite petrology and tectonic occurrences in two back‐arc basin spreading ridges from the Philippine Sea were examined: the Parece Vela Rift and the Mariana Trough. The Parece Vela Basin spreading ridge (Parece Vela Rift) was a physically fast/intermediate‐spreading ridge, although many tectono‐magmatic features resemble those of slow‐ to ultraslow‐spreading ridges. Two unusual features of the Parece Vela Rift further demonstrate the uniqueness of the ridge: full‐axial development of oceanic core complexes and exposure of mantle peridotite at segment midpoints. The Parece Vela Rift yields a lithological assemblage of residual but still fertile lherzolite/harzburgite, plagioclase‐bearing harzburgite and dunite; similar assemblages are reported from the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at the Romanche Fracture Zone and the ultraslow‐spreading ridges from the Indian and Arctic Oceans. The tectono‐magmatic characteristics of the Parece Vela Rift suggest that diffuse porous melt flow and pervasive melt–mantle interaction were the important mantle processes there. Globally, this ‘porous melt flow‐type’ mantle process is likely to occur beneath a segment midpoint of the ridge having a thick lithosphere, typically an ultraslow‐spreading ridge. In contrast, the Mariana Trough is a typical slow‐spreading ridge, exposing mantle peridotite at segment ends. The Mariana Trough yields a lithological assemblage of residual harzburgite and veined harzburgite, a common assemblage among the global abyssal peridotite suite. The tectono‐magmatic characteristics of the Mariana Trough suggest that channeled melt/fluid flow and limited melt–mantle interaction are the important mantle processes there, because of the colder wall‐rock peridotite in the segment end. This ‘channeled melt flow‐type’ mantle process is likely to occur in the shallow lithospheric mantle at the segment ends of any spreading ridges.  相似文献   

锡在流体和花岗质硅酸盐熔体间分配行为的实验研究     

胡晓燕  尚林波  毕献武  胡瑞忠  樊文苓  陈佑纬 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(4):359-365

锡的成矿与花岗岩有着密切关系。为深入了解不同的岩浆组成及流体变化对锡分配行为的影响,以不同化学组成的凝胶和不同的流体分别作为初始固液相,进行了锡在流体与花岗质熔体间的分配行为实验研究。实验温度为850℃,压力为100 MPa。结果显示,当液相为0.1 mol/L的HCl时,熔体组成的变化对锡的分配行为有着明显的影响,锡在流熔体间的分配系数DSn随熔体中碱质(Na2O K2O)含量、钠钾(Na/K)和碱铝(AlK/Al)摩尔比的增加而减小;在固相(富钾过碱质熔体)不变的前提下,DSn随流体相中HCl浓度的增加而增大,而流体相中HF及K 、Na 浓度的改变对DSn影响不大;流体Cl-浓度和酸度升高有利于锡分配进入流体相。  相似文献   

Research of the Conductive Structure of Crust and the Upper Mantle beneath the South-Central Tibetan Plateau     

叶高峰金胜  魏文博Martyn Unsworth 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(4):334-343

With the super-wide band magnetotelluric sounding data of the Jilong (吉隆)-Cuoqin (措勤) profile (named line 800) which was completed in 2001 and the Dingri (定日)-Cuomai (措迈) profile (named line 900) which was completed in 2004,we obtained the strike direction of each MT station by strike analysis,then traced profiles that were perpendicular to the main strike direction,and finally obtained the resistivity model of each profile by nonlinear conjugate gradients (NLCG) inversion. With these two models,we described the resistivity structure features of the crust and the upper mantle of the center-southern Tibetan plateau and its relationship with Yalung Tsangpo suture: the upper crust of the research area is a resistive layer with resistivity value range of 200-3 000 ?·m. The depth of its bottom surface is about 15-20 km generally,but the bottom surface of resistive layer is deeper in the middle of these two profiles. At line 900,it is about 30 km deep,and even at line 800,it is about 38 km deep. There is a gradient belt of resistivity at the depth of 15-45 km,and a conductive layer is beneath it with resistivity even less than 5 ?·m. This conductive layer is composed of individual conductive bodies,and at the south of the Yalung Tsangpo suture,the conductive bodies are smaller with thickness about 10 km and lean to the north slightly. However,at the north of the Yalung Tsangpo suture,the conductive bodies are larger with thickness about 30 km and also lean to the north slightly. Relatively,the conductive bodies of line 900 are thinner than those of line 800,and the depth of the bottom surface of line 900 is also shallower. At last,after analyzing the effect factors to the resistivity of rocks,it was concluded that the very conductive layer was caused by partial melt or connective water in rocks. It suggests that the middle and lower crust of the center-southern Tibetan plateau is very thick,hot,flabby,and waxy.  相似文献   

Variations in Melt Productivity and Melting Conditions along SWIR (70{degrees}E-49{degrees}E): Evidence from Olivine-hosted and Plagioclase-hosted Melt Inclusions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Font  L.; Murton  B. J.; Roberts  S.; Tindle  A. G. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(8):1471-1494

Melt inclusion and host glass compositions from the easternend of the Southwest Indian Ridge show a progressive depletionin light rare earth elements (LREE), Na₈ and (La/Sm)_n, but anincrease in Fe₈, from the NE (64°E) towards the SW (49°E).These changes indicate an increase in the degree of mantle meltingtowards the SW and correlate with a shallowing of the ridgeaxial depth and increase in crustal thickness. In addition,LREE enrichment in both melt inclusions and host glasses fromthe NE end of the ridge are compatible with re-fertilizationof a depleted mantle source. The large compositional variations(e.g. P₂O₅ and K₂O) of the melt inclusions from the NE end ofthe ridge (64°E), coupled with low Fe₈ values, suggest thatmelts from the NE correspond to a variety of different batchesof melts generated at shallow levels in the mantle melting column.In contrast, the progressively more depleted compositions andhigher Fe₈ values of the olivine- and plagioclase-hosted meltinclusions at the SW end of the studied region (49°E), suggestthat these melt inclusions represent batches of melt generatedby higher degrees of melting at greater mean depths in the mantlemelting column. Systematic differences in Fe₈ values betweenthe plagioclase- and the olivine-hosted melt inclusions in theSW end (49°E) of the studied ridge area, suggest that theplagioclase-hosted melt inclusions represent final batches ofmelt generated at the top of the mantle melting column, whereasthe olivine-hosted melt inclusions correspond to melts generatedfrom less depleted, more fertile mantle at greater depths. KEY WORDS: basalt; melt inclusions; olivine; plagioclase; Southwest Indian Ridge  相似文献   

A filtering approach for estimating lake water quality from remote sensing data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(1):50-64

In this paper we consider the estimation of lake water quality constituent distributions from hyperspectral remote sensing data. We present a computational approach that can be used to assimilate information from mathematical evolution models into data processing. The method is based on a reduced order iterated extended Kalman filter, and a convection–diffusion model is used to describe the movement of the water quality constituents. The performance of the technique is evaluated in a simulation study. The results show that the filter approach with an appropriate evolution model yields estimates that have better spatial and temporal resolutions than those obtained with conventional methods. Furthermore, the use of a feasible evolution model may make it possible to obtain information also on the concentrations in the lower parts of the lake.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal characteristics of small-scale wave–current ripples on the Ameland ebb-tidal delta     

Laura Brakenhoff  Maarten Kleinhans  Gerben Ruessink  Maarten van der Vegt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1248-1261

Ebb-tidal deltas are highly dynamic environments affected by both waves and currents that approach the coast under various angles. Among other bedforms of various scales, these hydrodynamics create small-scale bedforms (ripples), which increase the bed roughness and will therefore affect hydrodynamics and sediment transport. In morphodynamic models, sediment transport predictions depend on the roughness height, but the accuracy of these predictors has not been tested for field conditions with strongly mixed (wave–current dominated) forcing. In this study, small-scale bedforms were observed in the field with a 3D Profiling Sonar at five locations on the Ameland ebb-tidal delta, the Netherlands. Hydrodynamic conditions ranged from wave dominated to current dominated, but were mixed most of the time. Small-scale ripples were found on all studied parts of the delta, superimposed on megaripples. Even though a large range of hydrodynamic conditions was encountered, the spatio-temporal variations in small-scale ripple dimensions were relatively small (height 0.015 m, length 0.11 m). Also, the ripples were always highly three-dimensional. These small dimensions are probably caused by the fact that the bed consists of relatively fine sediment. Five bedform height predictors were tested, but they all overestimated the ripple heights, partly because they were not created for small grain sizes. Furthermore, the predictors all have a strong dependence on wave- and current-related velocities, whereas the ripple heights measured here were only related to the near-bed orbital velocity. Therefore, ripple heights and lengths in wave–current-dominated, fine-grained coastal areas ( mm) may be best estimated by constant values rather than values dependent on the hydrodynamics. In the case of the Ameland ebb-tidal delta, these values were found to be m and m. ©2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Early Cretaceous sedimentary provenance and structural evolution of the central Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone,Iran: implications for palaeogeographic reconstructions of the northern Neo-Tethyan margin     

Mohammad Ali Salehi  Meisam Tadayon 《International Geology Review》2020,62(11):1359-1386

ABSTRACT

The Early Cretaceous was an important epoch in the evolution of the Earth system in which major tectonic episodes occurred, especially along the Alpine–Himalayan belt. The paucity of reliable palaeogeographic data from the central segment of this geological puzzle, however, hampers the reconstruction of a panoramic view of its Early Cretaceous palaeogeography and geodynamic setting. Here we present multidisciplinary provenance data from Lower Cretaceous strata of the overriding plate of the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone; SSZ, of central Iran), including structural, basin-fill evolution, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Sandstone provenance analysis of Lower Cretaceous red beds suggests the occurrence of sub-mature litho-quartzose sandstones attributed to an active continental arc margin in convergent setting predominantly derived from plutonic, quartzose sedimentary and metamorphic rocks exposed in the central SSZ. Weathering indices indicate moderate chemical weathering in the source area which may be related to close source-to-sink relationships or arid climate. Our palaeogeographic reconstructions and original geological mapping indicate that the erosion of uplifted basement rocks exposed in horst blocks provided the sediment sources for the syn-extensional deposition of uppermost Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous conglomerates and Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic red beds within a continental retro-arc basin during initiation of the ‘Neo-Tethys 2?. The polyphase tectonic reactivation along the principal fault of the study area controlled the syn- and post-extensional tectonostratigraphic evolution that reflect the corresponding mechanical decoupling/coupling along the northern Neo-Tethyan plate margin.  相似文献   

Geology of the Acropolis prospect,South Australia,constrained by high-precision CA-TIMS ages     

J. McPhie  K. J. Ehrig  M. B. Kamenetsky  J. L. Crowley  V. S. Kamenetsky 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(5):699-716

Abstract

Acropolis is an Fe-oxide–copper–gold prospect ～20?km from Olympic Dam, South Australia, and marked by near-coincident gravity and magnetic anomalies. Prospective Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins occur in Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic volcanic and granitoid host units beneath unmineralised sedimentary formations. We have produced a geological map and history of the prospect using data from 16 diamond drill holes, including LA-ICPMS and high-precision CA-TIMS ages. The oldest unit is megacrystic granite of the Donington Suite (ca 1850?Ma). A non-conformity spanning ca 250 My separates the Donington Suite and felsic lavas and ignimbrites of the Gawler Range Volcanics (GRV; 1594.03?±?0.68?Ma). The GRV were intruded by granite of the Hiltaba Suite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma; same age as the Roxby Downs Granite at Olympic Dam). The felsic dykes are weakly altered and lack Fe-oxide–apatite–sulfide veins, suggesting that they post-date the main hydrothermal event. If correct, this relationship implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma and pre-dated the main hydrothermal event at Olympic Dam. The GRV at Acropolis are the same age as the GRV at Olympic Dam and ca 3–7 My older than the GRV exposed in the Gawler Ranges. The gravity and magnetic anomalies coincide with sections through the GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite that contain abundant, wide, Fe-oxide veins. The GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite are unconformably overlain by the Mesoproterozoic Pandurra Formation or Neoproterozoic Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations. The Pandurra Formation shows marked lateral variations in thickness related to paleotopography on the underlying units and post-Pandurra Formation pre-Neoproterozoic faults. The Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations have uniform thicknesses.

1. KEY POINTS

2. Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins are hosted by the Gawler Range Volcanics (1594.03?±?0.68?Ma), the Hiltaba Suite granite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and Donington Suite granite (ca 1850?Ma).

3. The age of felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma) interpreted to be post-mineralisation implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma.

4. The Gawler Range Volcanics at Acropolis are the same age as the Gawler Range Volcanics at Olympic Dam and ca 3 to 7 My older than the Gawler Range Volcanics exposed in the Gawler Ranges.

  相似文献   

郭家岭岩体矿物包裹体研究     

王海芹  曲晓明  王鹤年 《山东国土资源》1998,(2)

通过对胶东金成矿区郭家岭岩体中熔融包裹体、含石盐子晶包裹体、ＣＯ２三相包裹体和Ｈ２Ｏ两相包裹体的显微测温,结果表明,该岩体在岩浆结晶晚期发生过高盐度流体与硅酸盐熔体的不混熔过程。根据熔融包裹体均一温度与均一过程的时间,利用相应公式,计算出郭家岭岩体包裹体熔体的粘度和含水量,认为该岩体是从一种高温高粘度的岩浆中结晶成岩的。  相似文献   

高压超高压变质作用中流体—熔体—岩石相互作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张泽明  韩郁菁 《地质科技情报》1998,17(3):24-30

在高压超高压变质作用过程中所释放的流体对俯冲板块的演化起着重要作用,与岛弧岩浆活动有着直接联系,随着温度和压力的增加,俯冲板片将发生高压到超高榴辉岩相转变,大量的水将通过含水矿物的消失反应释放出来,这些流体可引起上覆岩圈大规模水化,并促进地幔楔状体的部分熔融,同时,通过流体的向上迁移可将某些组分带入上覆岩石圈板块,并改变其总体组成,许多含水矿物,同变质脉体,高压自形晶体组成的布丁,原生液态包裹体和  相似文献