A New Method for Low‐Temperature Decomposition of Chromites and Dichromium Trioxide using Bromic Acid Evaluated by Chromium Isotope Measurements     

Vladislav Chrastný  Jan Rohovec  Eva Čadková  Jan Pašava  Juraj Farkaš  Martin Novák 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(1):103-110

In recent years, routine application of the stable isotope determination of chromium (Cr) in environmental and health protection research has led to the search for simpler chromite decomposition techniques. As the range of Cr isotope abundance ratios in nature is very narrow, conventional chromite decomposition techniques are no longer suitable, due to the relatively high risk of contamination during laboratory procedures. We have developed a protocol for the decomposition of chromites based on oxidation by bromic acid at room temperature. The procedure takes 15 d and requires two doses of bromic acid during the reaction period (day 1 and 8), due to the limited stability of the reagent. Chromium extracted by alkaline oxidative fusion and by bromic acid decomposition yielded statistically indistinguishable δ⁵³Cr values, measured by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry following addition of a ⁵⁰Cr‐⁵⁴Cr double‐spike.  相似文献   

Measurement of the Isotopic Composition of Molybdenum in Geological Samples by MC‐ICP‐MS using a Novel Chromatographic Extraction Technique     

Jie Li  Xi‐Rong Liang  Li‐Feng Zhong  Xuan‐Ce Wang  Zhong‐Yuan Ren  Sheng‐Ling Sun  Zhao‐Feng Zhang  Ji‐Feng Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(3):345-354

A novel preconcentration method is presented for the determination of Mo isotope ratios by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) in geological samples. The method is based on the separation of Mo by extraction chromatography using N‐benzoyl‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) supported on a microporous acrylic ester polymeric resin (Amberlite CG‐71). By optimising the procedure, Mo could be simply and effectively separated from virtually all matrix elements with a single pass through a small volume of BPHA resin (0.5 ml). This technique for separation and enrichment of Mo is characterised by high selectivity, column efficiency and recovery (~ 100%), and low total procedural blank (~ 0.18 ng). A ¹⁰⁰Mo‐⁹⁷Mo double spike was mixed with samples before digestion and column separation, which enabled natural mass‐dependent isotopic fractionation to be determined with a measurement reproducibility of  < 0.09‰ (δ^98/95Mo, 2s) by MC‐ICP‐MS. The mean δ^98/95Mo_{SRM 3134} (NIST SRM 3134 Mo reference material; Lot No. 891307) composition of the IAPSO seawater reference material measured in this study was 2.00 ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 3), which is consistent with previously published values. The described procedure facilitated efficient and rapid Mo isotopic determination in various types of geological samples.  相似文献   

Rare Earth and High Field‐Strength Elements in the Multani Mitti Clay: A Study Using INAA     

Shahida Waheed  Naila Siddique  Yasir Faiz 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(2):197-205

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine nine rare earth elements (REE), Sc and five high field‐strength elements (HFSE) in the Multani Mitti (MM) clay. Chondrite‐normalised rare earth element patterns for the MM clay compared with those for the Post‐Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS), Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and North American Shale Composite (NASC) showed enrichment of light REEs and depletion of heavy REEs with a slight negative Eu anomaly. The Multani Mitti clay showed close resemblance to PAAS and NASC in its average REE and HFSE contents. Positive correlations between La/Ce, La/Sm, La/Yb, Zr/Hf, Th/U and Th/Ta ratios predict enrichment of LREEs, Zr and Th and depletion of HREEs. A parent source of felsic origin for the MM clay is also endorsed through the high La/Th and low Th/Sc ratios observed.  相似文献   

Approche hydrogéologique et hydrochimique des échanges hydrodynamiques entre aquifères profond et superficiel du bassin du Djérid,Tunisie     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):713-730

Résume

L'étude basée sur l'interprétation des données hydrochimiques (éléments majeurs) et isotopiques (¹⁸O, ²H, ³H et ¹⁴C) des eaux souterraines du bassin du Djérid (sud-ouest tunisien) a permis de comprendre les relations entre les différents niveaux du système aquifère dans ce bassin. Elle a montré que l'eau de l'aquifère profond du Complexe Terminal (CT), vraisemblablement peu circulante, a été rechargée sous un paléoclimat plus froid. De nos jours, cette eau couvre à elle seule la quasi-totalité des besoins en eau d'irrigation des palmeraies de la région. Le surplus d'eau d'irrigation alimente la nappe phréatique logée dans les formations sableuses du Plio-Quaternaire. Cette dernière présente un intérêt secondaire de point de vue quantitatif, mais son influence se situe au niveau de sa contribution à la recharge de la nappe profonde du CT. En effet, l'eau de retour d'irrigation de la nappe phréatique, évaporée et équilibrée avec le CO₂ atmosphérique conduit, par endroits, à un rajeunissement apparent et à un enrichissement en isotopes stables des eaux de la nappe du CT.  相似文献   

Determination of Fluoride Ions in Iron Ores by UV–VIS Spectrophotometry after Matrix Removal Using Diphonix® Resin     

Agata Jakóbik‐Kolon  Monika Skwira 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2012,36(1):21-25

A modification of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of fluoride ions in iron‐rich materials is proposed. In this method the iron matrix was successfully removed using Diphonix^® resin. The studied sample was a ferruginous mineral which contained about 38% of iron. The Euronorm certified reference material (ECRM) 676‐1 (Iron Ore Sinter), as a commercially available material having a similar matrix (39.76% w/w Fe) and fluoride level (0.1% w/w), was used to validate the method. After partial digestion in concentrated hydrochloric acid the samples were diluted and passed through Diphonix^® resin. The concentration of fluoride ions was determined by a spectrophotometric method using a Zr:ER complex (λ = 540 nm). The result obtained for the ECRM was in good agreement with the certificate specification and thus proved the method to be applicable for the determination of fluoride ions in iron‐rich materials. Due to the easy digestion step and simple requirements for equipment, this method can be used in most laboratories.  相似文献   

La couverture océanique des ultrabasites de Lanzo (Alpes occidentales) : arguments lithostratigraphiques et pétrologiques     

Yves Lagabrielle  Serge Fudral  Jean-Robert Kienast 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1):43-55

Résumé

De nombreuses analogies entre les évolutions pétro-logiques et métamorphiques des ultrabasites de Lanzo et des ophiohtes liguro-piémontaises ont été soulignées récemment. Ces analogies concernent: la nature des ultrabasites (Iherzolites à plagioclase peu appauvries), la présence de gabbros et de filons basaltiques superficiels intrusifs dans les péridotites, l’existence de reliques de paragenèses métamorphiques de haute température attribuables à un épisode océanique, l’empreinte du métamorphisme alpin de haute pression. Ces faits ont conduit certains auteurs à proposer que les péridotites de Lanzo représentent un fragment du plancher océanique téthysien.

Nous avons tenté de vérifier cette hypothèse en recherchant la couverture océanique (volcanique et/ou sédimentaire) des péridotites de Lanzo, dans la partie occidentale du massif où des pincées de métabasites et de schistes lustrés s.l. sont visibles associées aux serpentinites.

Aux environs du village de Richiaglio, à l’Est de la cicatrice de Viù, les successions lithostratigraphiques reconstituées comprennent schémati-quement : les ultrabasites serpentinisées du corps de Lanzo, des métabasites, des quartzites manganésifères (comparables à celles du Mont Viso par exemple), et des calcschistes. Ces successions s’apparentent à celles décrites dans les couvertures d’autres ophiolites piémontaises, ce qui conduit à proposer que ces ensembles métavolcaniques et Dimetaires dimentaires représentent des résidus de la couverture océanique originelle des péridotites. L’analyse des paragenèses éclogitiques des métasédiments et des métabasites permet de montrer que l’évolution P,T alpine de ces lambeaux est compatible avec celle du corps de Lanzo. Cette interprétation et ses implications sont discutées.  相似文献   

Comment la Terre a-t-elle pu vieillir de plus de quatre milliards d’années en quatre siècles ?     

Hubert Krivine 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2017,349(3):91-95

The history of the determination of the Earth's age is interesting in two ways. First, it is a great school for understanding the genesis of a scientific theory. It stands at the crossroads of almost all scientific disciplines, and also philosophy or even theology. This history shows how what one may well call a “scientific truth” was established through polemics. Second, that age of 4.567 billion years is not just another figure in the series of ages that would be of concern only to astrophysicists; this scale is the only one that makes it possible to understand the genesis of the marvelous order of the solar system (that Newton attributed to God) and the fantastic complexity of Life on Earth.  相似文献   

Paramètres statistiques de la houle au large de la côte sud-aquitaine     

Stéphane Abadie  Rémi Butel  Hélène Dupuis  Christophe Brière 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(8):769-776

Statistical parameters of waves on the south Aquitaine coast have been determined by comparison of two datasets: in situ local measurements on a short duration and numerical simulation outputs from the WAVEWATCH III model over a period of 6 years and 9 months. Data and simulation results are well correlated in the case of the significant wave height, whereas in the case of the peak periods $(T_{\mathrm{p}})$ and directions $(D_{\mathrm{p}})$, this correlation is lower. This is due respectively to the intrinsic unstable nature of $T_{\mathrm{p}}$ and the narrow distribution of $D_{\mathrm{p}}$. An adjustment of simulation data on measurement is then used to give an evaluation of the wave statistics for the southern fraction of the French Atlantic coast. Eventually, the relationships between the three statistical variables $(H_{\mathrm{s}},T_{\mathrm{p}},D_{\mathrm{p}})$ are analysed in order to determine representative sea states. The classification obtained shows the predominance of swell regimes, distributed on a very narrow angular sector over wind sea regimes. To cite this article: S. Abadie et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Geochemistry and geochronology of mafic rocks from Bamenda Mountains (Cameroon): Source composition and crustal contamination along the Cameroon Volcanic Line     

Pierre Kamgang  Gilles Chazot  Emmanuel Njonfang  Flix Tchoua 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(12):850-857

Mafic rocks from the Bamenda volcanic province along the Cameroon Volcanic Line have been dated from 17 to 0 Ma. Associated with some trachytes and rhyolites, this volcanism covers a period of more than 25 Ma. The studied rocks are basalts to mugearites. Most of them have been contaminated by continental crust during their transit to the surface. The oldest rocks are the most contaminated. One group of samples shows high Eu, Sr and Ba contents. This characteristic is not due to crustal contamination process, but has a mantle source origin. We argue that these characteristics have been acquired by mixing of melts formed by partial melting of mantle pyroxenites with melts formed in mantle peridotites. Such pyroxenites have been observed as mantle xenoliths in the Adamaoua province, and their chemical and isotopic compositions are consistent with such a model.  相似文献   

Soil moisture estimation using ERS 2 SAR data: a case study in the Solani River catchment/Estimation de l’humidité du sol grâce à des données ERS-2 SAR: étude de cas dans le bassin de la rivière Solani     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)

Abstract

Abstract The information regarding spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture in a catchment is of utmost importance in hydrological, as well as many other studies. Point measurements from gravimetric and other methods for soil moisture determination are insufficient to understand the spatial behaviour of soil moisture in a region. Microwave remote sensing data from active sensors on board various satellites are increasingly being used to map spatial distribution of soil moisture within the 0–10 cm top surface. The northern part of India has a network of large rivers and canals and, therefore, spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in this region has a significant bearing on the hydrology of the region. In this paper, results on estimation of soil moisture from an ERS-2 SAR image in the catchment of the Solani River (a tributary to the River Ganga) in and around the town of Roorkee, India, have been presented. The radar backscatter coefficient for each pixel of the image has been modelled from the digital numbers of the SAR image. Gravimetric measurements have been made simultaneously during the satellite pass to determine the concurrent value of volumetric soil moisture at a large number of sample points within the satellite sweep area. The backscatter coefficient is found to vary from –30 dB to –42 dB for a variation in soil moisture from 30 to 75%. Regression analyses between volumetric soil moisture and both the digital numbers and backscatter coefficients were performed. Strong correlations between volumetric soil moisture and digital number were observed with R ² values of 0.84, 0.75 and 0.83 for bare soil, vegetative and combined surfaces, respectively. A similar trend was observed with the relationship between backscatter and volumetric soil moisture with R ² values of 0.60, 0.89 and 0.67 for bare soil, vegetative and combined surfaces, respectively. These results demonstrate the utilization of SAR data for estimation of spatial distribution of soil moisture in the region of the present study.  相似文献