伊通新生代玄武岩地球化学成分差异性研究     

付长亮  孙德有  魏红艳  苟军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(3):446-454

伊通火山群中的西尖山((21.0±0.65) Ma)和东小山玄武岩((5.46±0.32) Ma)的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,两处玄武岩均为OIB型,岩浆来源于软流圈地幔,地壳混染与结晶分异的程度微弱。西尖山火山岩为碱性橄榄玄武岩,不含地幔岩捕虏体,岩浆起源深度为70~100 km,SiO2、Al₂O₃、Na₂O含量较高,属钠质碱性岩;东小山火山岩为碧玄岩,含较多的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体,岩浆来源深度大于100 km,MgO、TiO₂、CaO、K2O含量较高,属钾质过碱性岩。岩浆来源深度的不同是造成两处玄武岩化学成分差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

Continental basalts in the accretionary complexes of the South-west Japan Arc: Constraints from geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic data of metadiabase     

Hiroo Kagami  Masaki Yuhara  Shigeru Iizumi  Yoshiaki Tainosho  Masaaki Owada  Yasuo Ikeda  
  Osamu Okano  Shuji Ochi  Yoshikazu Hayama and  Terukazu Nureki 《Island Arc》2000,9(1):3-20

Abstract The Ryoke Belt is one of the important terranes in the South‐west Japan Arc (SJA). It consists mainly of late Cretaceous granitoid rocks, meta‐sedimentary rocks (Jurassic accretionary complexes) and mafic rocks (gabbros, metadiabases; late Permian–early Jurassic). Initial ?_Sr (+ 25– + 59) and ?_Nd (? 2.1–?5.9) values of the metadiabases cannot be explained by crustal contamination but reflect the values of the source material. These values coincide with those of island arc basalt (IAB), active continental margin basalt (ACMB) and continental flood basalt (CFB). Spiderdiagrams and trace element chemistries of the metadiabases have CFB‐signature, rather than those of either IAB or ACMB. The Sr–Nd isotope data, trace element and rare earth element chemistries of the metadiabases indicate that they result from partial melting of continental‐type lithospheric mantle. Mafic granulite xenoliths in middle Miocene volcanic rocks distributed throughout the Ryoke Belt were probably derived from relatively deep crust. Their geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics are similar to the metadiabases. This suggests that rocks, equivalent geochemically to the metadiabases, must be widely distributed at relatively deep crustal levels beneath a part of the Ryoke Belt. The geochemical and isotopic features of the metadiabases and mafic granulites from the Ryoke Belt are quite different from those of mafic rocks from other terranes in the SJA. These results imply that the Ryoke mafic rocks (metadiabase, mafic granulite) were not transported from other terranes by crustal movement but formed in situ. Sr–Nd isotopic features of late Cretaceous granitoid rocks occurring in the western part of the Japanese Islands are coincident with those of the Ryoke mafic rocks. Such an isotopic relation between these two rocks suggests that a continental‐type lithosphere is widely represented beneath the western part of the Japanese Islands.  相似文献   

徐庄子相对地磁观测室设计和建造     

吴玉田  王建军  李大华 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(3):80-84

对现代无金属纤维混凝土结构和纤维砌块结构地磁观测室设计与建造技术,在天津徐庄子相对地磁观测室的应用研究进行了介绍,提出了这两种新型建筑结构的应用特点,及其关键技术要点,以及进一步发展复合碳纤维或玄武岩纤维,替代金属材料的若干观点和建议,对我国“十一五”小型地震监测台站的建设具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt     

David A. Clague  Jennifer B. Paduan  Alice S. Davis 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,180(2-4):171

Glassy lava fragments were collected in pushcores or using a small suction-sampler from over 450 sites along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Blanco Transform Fault, Gorda Ridge, northern East Pacific Rise, southern East Pacific Rise, Fiji back-arc basin, and near-ridge seamounts in the Vance, President Jackson, Taney, and a seamount off southern California. The samples consist of angular glass fragments, limu o Pele, Pele's hair, and other fluidal fragments formed during pyroclastic eruptions. Since many of the sites are deeper than the critical point of seawater, fragmentation cannot be hydrovolcanic and caused by expansion of seawater to steam. The glass fragments have a wide range of MORB compositions, ranging from fractionated to primitive and from depleted to enriched. Enriched magmas, which have higher volatile contents, may form more abundant pyroclasts than depleted magmas. Eruptions with high effusion rates produce sheet flows and abundant pyroclasts whereas those with low effusion rates produce pillow ridges and few pyroclasts. This relation suggests that high effusion and conduit rise rates are coupled to high magmatic gas contents. The eruptions are mainly effusive with a minor strombolian bubble burst component. We propose that the gas phase is an added component of variable amounts of magmatic foam from the top of the magma reservoir. As the mixture of resident magma and foam rises in the conduit, the larger bubbles in the foam rise more quickly and sweep up the smaller bubbles nucleating and growing from the resident magma. On eruption, the process of bubble coalescence is more complete for the slower rising, gas-poor lavas that erupt as pillow lavas whereas the limu o Pele associated with sheet flow eruptions commonly contain several percent vesicles that avoided coalescence during ascent. The spatter erupted at the vent is quench granulated in seawater above the vent, reducing the pyroclast grainsize. The granulated spatter and limu o Pele fragments are then entrained in a rising plume of seawater heated by the eruption, which disperses them to distances as great as 5 km from the vent.  相似文献   

Continental basaltic volcanoes — Processes and problems     

G.A. Valentine  T.K.P. Gregg 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Monogenetic basaltic volcanoes are the most common volcanic landforms on the continents. They encompass a range of morphologies from small pyroclastic constructs to larger shields and reflect a wide range of eruptive processes. This paper reviews physical volcanological aspects of continental basaltic eruptions that are driven primarily by magmatic volatiles. Explosive eruption styles include Hawaiian and Strombolian (sensu stricto) and violent Strombolian end members, and a full spectrum of styles that are transitional between these end members. The end-member explosive styles generate characteristic facies within the resulting pyroclastic constructs (proximal) and beyond in tephra fall deposits (medial to distal). Explosive and effusive behavior can be simultaneous from the same conduit system and is a complex function of composition, ascent rate, degassing, and multiphase processes. Lavas are produced by direct effusion from central vents and fissures or from breakouts (boccas, located along cone slopes or at the base of a cone or rampart) that are controlled by varying combinations of cone structure, feeder dike processes, local effusion rate and topography. Clastogenic lavas are also produced by rapid accumulation of hot material from a pyroclastic column, or by more gradual welding and collapse of a pyroclastic edifice shortly after eruptions. Lava flows interact with — and counteract — cone building through the process of rafting. Eruption processes are closely coupled to shallow magma ascent dynamics, which in turn are variably controlled by pre-existing structures and interaction of the rising magmatic mixture with wall rocks. Locations and length scales of shallow intrusive features can be related to deeper length scales within the magma source zone in the mantle. Coupling between tectonic forces, magma mass flux, and heat flow range from weak (low magma flux basaltic fields) to sufficiently strong that some basaltic fields produce polygenetic composite volcanoes with more evolved compositions. Throughout the paper we identify key problems where additional research will help to advance our overall understanding of this important type of volcanism.  相似文献   

现代无金属地磁观测室研究的若干观点和建议   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

吴玉田  李大华  赵金波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(5):52-57

对现代无金属纤维混凝土结构和纤维砌块结构地磁观测室设计与建造研究,进行了回顾介绍和发展前景展望,介绍了这两种新型建筑结构的特点及其关键技术要点,提出了进一步发展复合碳纤维或玄武岩纤维替代金属材料的若干观点和建议,对地震监测台站的建设具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Major element, trace element, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope studies of Cenozoic basalts from the South China Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

QuanShu Yan  XueFa Shi  KunShan Wang  WenRui Bu  Long Xiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(4):550-566

The whole rock K-Ar ages of basalts from the South China Sea basin vary from 3.8 to 7.9 Ma, which suggest that intra-plate volcanism after the cessation of spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) is comparable to that in adjacent regions around the SCS, i.e., Leiqiong Peninsula, northern margin of the SCS, Indochina block, and so on. Based on detailed petrographic studies, we selected many fresh ba-saltic rocks and measured their major element, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions. Geochemical characteristics of major element and trace element show that these basaltic rocks belong to alkali basalt magma series, and are similar to OIB-type basalt. The extent of partial melting of mantle rock in source region is very low, and magma may experience crystallization differentiation and cu-mulation during the ascent to or storing in the high-level magma chamber. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of these basaltic rocks imply an inhomogeneous mantle below the South China Sea. The nature of magma origin has a two end-member mixing model, one is EM2 (Enriched Mantle 2) which may be originated from mantle plume, the other is DMM (Depleted MORB Mantle). Pb isotopic characteristics show the Dupal anomaly in the South China Sea, and combined with newly found Dupal anomaly at Gakkel ridge in Arctic Ocean, this implies that Dupal anomaly is not only limited to South Hemisphere. In variation diagrams among Sr, Nd and Pb, the origin nature of mantle below the SCS is similar to those below Leiqiong peninsula, northern margin of the SCS and Indochina peninsula, and is different from those below north and northeast China. This study provides geochemical constraints on Hainan mantle plume.  相似文献   

滇西南那邦变质基性岩地球化学与俯冲板片裂离   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

季建清  钟大赉 《岩石学报》2000,16(3):433-442

中缅边界那邦麻粒岩相变质基性岩地球化学特征表明其原岩是岩浆岩,并具有ＭＯＲＢ的特性,其岩石化学具有以下特征：岩石的ＴＦｅ／ＭｇＯ值低（１．１０～２．１７）,ＡＦＭ图解上显示拉斑玄武岩演化趋势;ＴｉＯ２含量（１．１４％～１．８１％）高稀土亏损、重稀土较有富集的配分形式,稀土元素和总量（∑ＲＥＥ）值十倍于球粒陨石（２４～５０μｇ／ｇ）,（Ｌａ／Ｓｍ）Ｎ＝０．４３～０．７５（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ＝０．４５～０  相似文献   

滇西南那邦变质基性岩两期变质作用的40Ar/39Ar年代学研究   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

季建清  钟大赉  桑海清  裘冀  胡世玲 《岩石学报》2000,16(2)

中缅边界那邦变质基性岩出露于东缅著名的 Mogok带的东缘。那邦基性麻粒岩经历了早期麻粒岩相、晚期角闪岩相的两期变质作用的改造。早期变质作用的矿物石榴石和单斜辉石的 40 Ar/ 39Ar激光微区等时线年龄是 74.44± 1.44 Ma;石榴石和单斜辉石的 40 Ar/ 39Ar年龄谱图和等时线年龄均显示两组年龄 :74～ 76 Ma和 2 3～ 2 4Ma。晚期变质作用矿物角闪石的K- Ar法得出 2 3Ma,角闪石和斜长石的 40 Ar/ 39Ar年龄谱图和等时线年龄均显示 2 3～ 2 4Ma的变质年龄。综合这些结果 ,可以确定那邦基性麻粒岩的早期麻粒岩相变质作用的年龄是 74～ 77Ma,可能与新特提斯洋壳俯冲事件有关 ;晚期角闪岩相变质作用的年龄是 2 3～ 2 4Ma,与区内喜山期以来陆内块体响应两大陆会聚作用发生的大型走滑事件有关。那邦基性麻粒岩是世界上最年轻的麻粒岩相岩石之一 ,而且 ,两期变质作用年龄的确定对揭示区内与变质作用相关的地质事件具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Cu-Ni-PGEs Mineralization of Melanocratic Rocks in Southeast Margin of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau, HKT     

Cao Zhimin  Luo Yaonan  Li Youguo  Song Xieyan  Chen Cuihua  Yang Zhusheng  He Hong WT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

Cu-Ni-PGES MINERALIZATION OF MELANOCRATIC ROCKS IN SOUTHEAST MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANG(TIBET) PLATEAU, HKTERALIZAtheprojectsupportedbyNNSFofChina  相似文献