中国大陆壳内与上地幔高导层成因及唐山地震机理研究   总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25  

徐常芳 《地学前缘》2003,10(Z1):101-111

文中首先给出了中国大陆上地幔高导层埋深图 ,对其物理成因作了解释。然后给出了中国大陆壳内高导层分布埋深图 ,因人们对壳内高导层的成因有多种看法 ,所以文中进行了讨论 ,并认为卤水成因说更有说服力。文中对壳内与上地幔高导层构造成因作了简要阐述。最后 ,由于壳内和上地幔高导层分布埋深与强地震的分布有密切的关系 ,所以作为实例 ,文中给出了唐山地区地壳结构 ,阐述了地壳内深部流体在地震中的作用 ,并给出了主要证据。  相似文献   

冲击旋转钻进技术新发展   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

菅志军张玉霖  王茂森戴树林 《地质与勘探》2003,39(3):78-83

冲击旋转钻进技术是一种高效的碎岩方法，近年来随着施工领域的拓宽取得了很大的进步。简要阐述了冲击旋转钻进技术的发展历程，着重介绍了一些冲击器新品种及其相关的钻进新工艺，分析了该项技术的发展趋势。  相似文献   

非开挖导向钻进实际轨迹的控制设计   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张德龙  蒋荣庆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):246-248

非开挖导向钻进技术，具有施工速度快、适用范围广等优点，得到了广泛的应用。在实际钻进中，由于钻进在地下的不确定性，影响了导向钻进的顺利进行。到得钻进中当前点的顶角、方位角和孔深，通过均角全距法原理，可以近似地描绘出当前钻孔的空间实际轨迹，并确定钻头的位置。应用这一原理，同时运用VisualBasic语言和AutoCAD绘图工具相结合的方法，编制一套应用程序，可以直接绘制出当前钻孔轨迹，并可实现对钻孔轨迹的调控，从而保证导向钻进的顺利进行。  相似文献   

钻井设备老化过程及规律的探讨     

马能霞 《地下水》2003,25(1):55-56

本文通过对钻机老化过程及规律的探讨，找出了一种方便而有效衡量钻机老化程度的数量指标，用以定量地度量钻机老化程度，为钻机发挥最佳经济效益起到一定的作用。  相似文献   

Experimental evidence for diamond-facies metamorphism in the Dora-Maira massif   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Jrg Hermann 《Lithos》2003,70(3-4):163-182

The peak metamorphic conditions of subducted continental crust in the Dora-Maira massif (Western Alps) have been revised by combining experimental results in the KCMASH system with petrologic information from whiteschists. Textural observations in whiteschists suggest that the peak metamorphic assemblage garnet+phengite+kyanite+coesite±talc originates from the reaction kyanite+talc↔garnet+coesite+liquid. In the experimentally determined petrogenetic grid, this reaction occurs above 45 kbar at 730 °C. At lower pressures, talc reacts either to orthopyroxene and coesite or, together with phengite, to biotite, coesite and kyanite. The liberated liquid contains probably similar amounts of H₂O and dissolved granitic components. The composition of the liquid in the whiteschists at peak metamorphic conditions, a major unknown in earlier studies, was probably very similar to the liquid composition produced in the experiments. Therefore, the experimentally determined petrogenetic grid represents a good model for the estimation of the peak metamorphic conditions in whiteschists. Experimentally determined Si-isopleths for phengite further constrain peak pressures to 43 kbar for the measured Si=3.60 of phengite in the natural whiteschists. All these data provide evidence that the whiteschists reached diamond-facies conditions.

The fluid-absent equilibrium 4 kyanite+3 CELADONITE=4 coesite+3 muscovite+pyrope has been calibrated on the basis of garnet and phengite compositions in the experiments and serves as a geothermobarometer for ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metapelites. For graphite-bearing metapelites and kyanite–phengite eclogites, forming the country rocks of the whiteschists, peak metamorphic pressures of about 44±3 kbar were calculated from this barometer for temperatures of 750 °C estimated from garnet–phengite thermometry. Therefore, the whole ultra-high-pressure unit of the Dora-Maira massif most likely experienced peak metamorphic conditions in the diamond stability field. While graphite is common in the metapelites, diamond has not been found so far. The absence of metamorphic microdiamonds might be explained by the low temperature of metamorphism, the absence of a free fluid phase in the metapelites and a short residence time in diamond-facies conditions resulting in kinetic problems in the conversion of graphite to diamond.  相似文献   

Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the Okinawa Trough, SW of Japan: an overview   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G. P. Glasby  K. Notsu   《Ore Geology Reviews》2003,23(3-4):299-339

The Okinawa Trough is a heavily sedimented, rifted back-arc basin formed in an intracontinental rift zone. Submarine hydrothermal activity is located within the six back-arc rifts located in the middle and southern Okinawa Trough and its distribution is controlled principally by tectonic factors. Subduction of the Daito and Gagua Ridges beneath the Ryukyu Arc has resulted in fracturing of the brittle lithosphere beneath the Okinawa Trough. Hydrothermal activity is strongest in the volcanic arc-rift migration phenomenon (VAMP) area plus the JADE site and Southernmost Part of the Okinawa Trough (SPOT) area which form the prolongation of these two ridges. These areas are characterized by extremely high heat flow locally. Submarine hydrothermal fluids from the Okinawa Trough tend to be strongly influenced by interaction of the hydrothermal fluids with organic matter in the sediment resulting in high alkalinity and NH₄⁺ concentrations of the fluids. The fluids also contain high concentrations of CO₂ of magmatic origin. Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the trough is diverse. The CLAM site consists principally of carbonate chimneys. Interaction of the hydrothermal fluid with organic matter in the sediment is particularly strong at this site. This is most probably a sediment-hosted deposit in which sulphide minerals have deposited within the sediment column leaving ‘spent ore-fluids’ to emerge at the seafloor. The JADE site consists of active and inactive sulphide–sulphate chimneys and mounds. The Zn–Pb-rich sulphides at this site contain the highest concentrations of Pb, Ag and Au so far recorded in submarine hydrothermal sulphide deposits. At Minami-Ensei Knoll and Hatoma Knoll, active and inactive chimneys consist principally of anhydrite and barite as a result of phase separation of the hydrothermal fluids beneath the seafloor. An intense black smoker has recently been discovered at Yonaguni Knoll in the SPOT area. If it is confirmed that sulphide mineralization is dominant at this site, this could be a highly prospective area. The most prospective areas for economic-grade minerals in the Okinawa Trough appear to be the JADE site and the SPOT area.  相似文献   

The　crustal　fluid　evolution　and　the　causes　of　earthquakes(Ⅲ)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐常芳 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,(2)

Ｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔａｌｆｌｕｉｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ（Ⅲ）ＣＨＡＮＧ－ＦＡＮＧＸＵ（徐常芳）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００...  相似文献   

石龟山大桥直径3～4.4m空心桩施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

冯宗才  范清明  陆祖安 《探矿工程》1997,(1):21-24

施工φ３￣４．４ｍ空心桩，需要预制空心桩节和护筒，搭建水上平台，进而介绍了钻孔施工，桩节组拼以及压浆等工艺。与实心桩相比，空心桩显示了独特的优越性。  相似文献   

电镀PDC石油全面钻头及其在油气田中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

胡三虎 《探矿工程》1997,(1):45-46

采用低温电镀工艺生产ＰＤＣ石油全面钻头对金刚石无任何热损伤，对喷咀进行组合设计，在两口井中进行试验，取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益，并分析了钻头的特点及存在的问题。  相似文献   

应用氢氧同位素研究矿床成因的一些问题探讨   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

翟建平  胡凯 《地质科学》1996,31(3):229-237

成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成与其水的类型、水/岩交换的岩石成分和同位素组成、水/岩交换时的温度及水/岩交换程度(W/R比值大小)等诸多因素有关,微生物和有机质也对其有一定的影响。因此,仅通过简单投影的方法将成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值与一些所谓的标准值进行类比,由此就推断出热液中水的来源,这种方法是不可取的;尤其当成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值介于大气降水和岩浆水的值之间时,切忌滥用两种水混合成矿模式,因为实际情况往往并不是这样。本文以胶东乳山金矿床为例,展开了这方面的讨论。  相似文献