基于格网DEM的地形特征线提取方法比较     

刘淑琼  邹时林 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):85-86,91

山脊线和山谷线是进行地形学形态研究的基本问题之一,本文介绍了基于DEM数据提取山谷线和山脊线的国内外研究现状,并重点介绍了基于规则格网DEM提取的方法以及实际工作中所需要注意的问题.  相似文献   

Combined Trace Element and Pb-Nd-Sr-O Isotope Evidence for Recycled Oceanic Crust (Upper and Lower) in the Iceland Mantle Plume   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

KOKFELT  THOMAS FIND; HOERNLE  KAJ; HAUFF  FOLKMAR; FIEBIG  JENS; WERNER  REINHARD; GARBE-SCHONBERG  DIETER 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(9):1705-1749

We present the results of a comprehensive major element, traceelement and Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopic study of post-glacialvolcanic rocks from the Neovolcanic zones on Iceland. The rocksstudied range in composition from picrites and tholeiites, whichdominate in the main rift systems, to transitional and alkalicbasalts confined to the off-rift and propagating rift systems.There are good correlations of rock types with geochemical enrichmentparameters, such as La/Sm and La/Yb ratios, and with long-termradiogenic tracers, such as Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios,indicating a long-lived enrichment/depletion history of thesource region. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr vs ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd defines a negative array.Pb isotopes define well-correlated positive arrays on both ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbvs ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagrams, indicating mixing ofat least two major components: an enriched component representedby the alkali basalts and a depleted component represented bythe picrites. In combined Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic spacethe individual rift systems define coherent mixing arrays withslightly different compositions. The enriched component hasradiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb > 19·3) and very similargeochemistry to HIMU-type ocean island basalts (OIB). We ascribethis endmember to recycling of hydrothermally altered upperbasaltic oceanic crust. The depleted component that is sampledby the picrites has unradiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb < 17·8),but geochemical signatures distinct from that of normal mid-oceanridge basalt (N-MORB). Highly depleted tholeiites and picriteshave positive anomalies in mantle-normalized trace element diagramsfor Ba, Sr, and Eu (and in some cases also for K, Ti and P),negative anomalies for Hf and Zr, and low ¹⁸O_olivine values(4·6–5·0) below the normal mantle range.All of these features are internally correlated, and we, therefore,interpret them to reflect source characteristics and attributethem to recycled lower gabbroic oceanic crust. Regional compositionaldifferences exist for the depleted component. In SW Icelandit has distinctly higher Nb/U (68) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbratios (18·28–18·88) compared with the NErift (Nb/U 47; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18·07–18·47).These geochemical differences suggest that different packagesof recycled oceanic lithosphere exist beneath each rift. A thirdand minor component with relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pbis found in a single volcano in SE Iceland (Öræfajökullvolcano), indicating the involvement of recycled sediments inthe source locally. The three plume components form an integralpart of ancient recycled oceanic lithosphere. The slope in theuranogenic Pb diagram indicates a recycling age of about 1·5Ga with time-integrated Th/U ratios of 3·01. Surprisingly,there is little evidence for the involvement of North AtlanticN-MORB source mantle, as would be expected from the interactionof the Iceland plume and the surrounding asthenosphere in formof plume–ridge interaction. The preferential samplingof the enriched and depleted components in the off-rift andmain rift systems, respectively, can be explained by differencesin the geometry of the melting regions. In the off-rift areas,melting columns are truncated deeper and thus are shorter, whichleads to preferential melting of the enriched component, asthis starts melting deeper than the depleted component. In contrast,melting proceeds to shallower depths beneath the main rifts.The longer melting columns also produce significant amountsof melt from the more refractory (lower crustal/lithospheric)component. KEY WORDS: basalts; trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb, O isotope geochemistry; Iceland plume; isotope ratios; oceanic crustal recycling; partial melting; plume–ridge interaction  相似文献   

一种区域卫星导航系统导航策略     

任锴  宋小勇  贾小林  欧阳桂崇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(11)

根据区域卫星导航系统星座结构的特点,针对GEO星、IGSO星存在的轨道机动问题,以及星座建设阶段存在可用导航卫星少于4颗的情况,给出了一种综合利用接收机自主完好性故障检测排除算法、三星定位方法、病态数据处理方法的解决策略,可以提高区域卫星导航系统在一般导航应用中的有效性和连续性。实际算例结果表明了所提方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Precursory Signals of Extensive and Persistent Extreme Cold Events in China          下载免费PDF全文

PENG Jing-Bei  BUEH Cholaw 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):252-257

The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.  相似文献   

盛夏副高脊线异常变化对我国气温影响及海气背景分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任广成  吴小林  李旺 《河南气象》2009,(3):1-5

利用1951—2006年全国160站盛夏（7—8月）气温资料、北半球500hPa高度场和北太平洋海温场资料,分析了盛夏西太平洋副高脊线位置异常变化对我国气温的影响及其与500hPa大气环流和北太平洋海温的关系,结果发现：盛夏副高脊线异常偏北年主要集中出现在上世纪60年代和90年代,副高脊线异常偏南年则主要集中出现在上世纪80年代;盛夏副高脊线位置与长江流域及其以北至黄河中下游以南的我国中东部广大地区气温存在着很好的正相关关系;盛夏副高脊线位置异常变化与东亚中纬度500hPa上空西风环流强弱变化密切相关,前期3月白令海至阿拉斯加地区500hPa高度场异常变化对盛夏副高脊线位置变动有着较好的指示性,前期北太平洋海温距平分布型,尤其是前期3月北亚热带海区关键区海温、加利福尼亚海区关键区海温和关键区综合海温指数对盛夏副高脊线位置异常变化具有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

DIAGNOSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF DYNAMIC CORRELATION FACTORS BETWEEN WEST-PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND EAST ASIA MONSOON SYSTEM INDEXES     

董兆俊  张韧  余丹丹  程明  万雷 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(2):141-144

Based on the daily reanalysis data of NCEP / NCAR and by using the method of phase space reconstruction, the point conditional probability density of the subtropical high ridge index are determined and then used, together with their power spectra, to seek the correlation between them and individual monsoon-affecting factors and their power spectra. Through diagnosis, six indexes are discovered that have the most important effects on the subtropical high index. The results of the diagnosis indicate that the technique can identify the factors which are dynamically correlated. It can offer the basis in determining and choosing dynamic conceptual factors.  相似文献   

Dynamical Control of Asymmetrically Oblique Tidal Currents to the Sedimentary Characteristics and Development of Linear Sand Ridges in the Liaodong Shoal,East Bohai Sea     

ZHANG Lianjie  ZHU Longhai  WU Jianzheng  HU Rijun  WANG Peng  ZHANG Pan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):101-112

The Liaodong Shoal is a group of linear sand ridges located in the east Bohai Sea of China.In this study,54 surface sediment samples have been collected,current measurements at 4 stations have been carried out and bathymetric data were obtained.The current directions are rightward deflected relative to the strikes of the sand ridges.Affected by the narrowing effect of the ridge,the current velocities exhibited an anti-‘C’type vertical profile.The velocities of the lower currents linearly correlate with the water depths.The near-bed current velocities over the troughs are estimated to be higher than those over the ridges,and this feature could be explained by the loss of kinetic energy together with the conversion between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.The sedimentary characteristics that are compatible with the tidal dynamics are developed across the ridges and troughs,including grain size compositions,grain size parameters,mineral compositions and Dhm indexes.The existence of the angles between the current directions and the strikes of the sand ridges is the key factor for the growth of the sand ridges.The asymmetric hydrodynamic features between the flood and ebb currents lead to the differences in the topographical and sedimentary characteristics on both sides of a sand ridge.Insufficient material supply led to the degradation of the sand ridges,and the reduction of the tidal current intensity has led to the development of the subordinate sand ridges in the troughs.Sand ridges are migrating.  相似文献   

Spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR): A regression framework to understanding impacts of land cover patterns on urban climate          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Fan  Sergio J. Rey  Soe W. Myint 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(5):862-879

Understanding the impacts of land cover pattern on the heat island effect is essential for sustainable urban development. Conventional model fitting methods have restricted ability to produce accurate estimates of the land cover‐temperature association due to the lack of procedures to address two important issues: spatial dependence in proximal spatial units and high correlations among predictor variables. In this study, we seek to develop an effective framework called spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR) to estimate the variations in the quantity and distribution of land surface temperature (LST) in response to various land cover patterns. The SFRR effectively integrates spatial autoregressive models and ridge regression, and it achieves reliable parameter estimates with substantially reduced mean square errors. We show this by comparing the performance of the SFRR to other widely adopted models using Monte Carlo simulation followed by an empirical study over central Phoenix. Results highlight the great potential of the SFRR in producing accurate statistical estimates, providing a positive step toward informed and unbiased decision‐making across a wide variety of disciplines. (Code and data to reproduce the results in the case study are available at: https://github.com/cfan13/SFRRTGIS.git .)  相似文献   

冬季大范围持续性极端低温事件与欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统研究进展   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

布和朝鲁  彭京备  谢作威  纪立人 《大气科学》2018,42(3):656-676

本文总结了近年来关于我国冬季大范围持续性极端低温事件（EPECE）及其对应的欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统的研究成果。EPECE和普通寒潮是冬季影响我国的两类不同时间尺度大型冷空气活动,对它们的异同点进行梳理和深入理解是非常必要的。最新研究进展可概括为如下:（1）基于极端低温站点的范围和极端低温过程的持续性特点,客观界定了我国冬季EPECE。近年来的研究表明,欧亚大陆大型斜脊斜槽系统是冬季EPECE形成和维持的主要关键环流系统。同时,鉴于大型斜脊斜槽系统的重要应用意义,建立了客观识别方法。（2）从前兆信号、环流演变、阻塞高压和反气旋式波破碎活动的角度,揭示了EPECE和普通寒潮事件之间的关键区别。全国类EPECE的发生具有一周之前的前兆信号,而普通寒潮并不存在这么早的前兆信号。EPECE以从乌拉尔山到东北亚的广阔区域的阻塞高压活动为关键特征,而普通寒潮则主要以区域性阻塞高压为其主要特征。这两类事件对应的阻塞高压活动的差异可由天气尺度波破碎活动的差异加以解释。（3）最新的研究解释了大型斜脊斜槽系统形成和维持的动力学机理。基本流场对位涡扰动的正压作用是大型斜脊斜槽系统的形成和维持最重要的动力学机制。基本流场通过变形场作功和线性平流使大型扰动维持和向下游发展。与阻塞高压不同,非线性作用并非大型斜脊斜槽系统维持的主要原因。  相似文献   

滇西洋拉矿区火山岩构造—岩浆类型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏君奇  陈开旭  何龙清 《地球学报》1999,20(3):246-252

羊拉矿区的火山岩形成于石炭纪金沙江裂谷洋盆中段,其构造－岩浆类型有３：早石炭世羊拉岩组的富集型洋中脊拉斑玄武岩;晚石炭世里农岩组的洋岛钙碱性安山岩和洋岛碱性率武岩。各种构造－岩浆类型的形成均与地幔热性相关。  相似文献