Comparative hydrogeology – reference analysis of groundwater dynamics from neighbouring observation wells     

Markus Giese  Ezra Haaf  Benedikt Heudorfer  Roland Barthel 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(10):1685-1706

ABSTRACT

Groundwater level fluctuations are caused by spatial and temporal superposition of processes within and outside the aquifer system. Most of the subsurface processes are usually observed on a small scale. Upscaling to the regional scale, as required for future climate change scenarios, is difficult due to data scarcity and increasing complexity. In contrast to the limited availability of system characteristics, high-resolution data records of groundwater hydrographs are more generally available. Exploiting the information contained in these records should thus be a priority for analysis of the chronical lack of data describing groundwater system characteristics. This study analyses the applicability of 63 indices derived from daily hydrographs to quantify different dynamics of groundwater levels in unconfined gravel aquifers from three groundwater regions (Bavaria, Germany). Based on the results of two different skill tests, the study aids index selection for different dynamic components of groundwater hydrographs.  相似文献   

酒泉、嘉峪关地域城镇系统的空间规模结构研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李志刚 《地理研究》1999,18(1):87-95

受干旱区自然地理、人口发展与分布等特殊条件的制约,酒泉、嘉峪关地域城镇系统的空间规模结构呈现“中小市镇、多中心”的特征。针对这种状况,空间规模结构的研究和规划,应注重建构多中心的地域城镇系统,带动地域整体发展要促进相邻城市间、城市与境内或周边单位间的空间关联及与近郊集镇的融合,推动城乡一体化应突出酒泉-嘉峪关复合城市的中心地位,强化敦煌市的规模和职能,保证玉门市区持续发展并尽快发展玉门镇,积极发展其他小城镇。  相似文献   

重庆市夏季气温及降水变化的小波分析   总被引：59，自引：14，他引：45  

刘德  李永华  何卷雄 《高原气象》2003,22(2):173-178

利用重庆市长年代气温及降水观测资料,用MHF(墨西哥帽函数)小波方法分析重庆市夏季气温及降水的时间——频率的多层次时间尺度变化特征。结果表明,重庆市夏季气温及降水变化具有明显的阶段性,且降水变化较气温更复杂;重庆市夏季平均气温变化以3年周期振动最强。而降水变化则以10年周期振动最强。  相似文献   

浅析数字摄影测量在1∶500地形图测绘中的应用     

谢赣南 《湖南地质》2002,(1)

数字摄影测量,应用计算机技术、数字影像处理、影像匹配、模式识别等理论与方法,以计算机视觉代替人眼的立体观测,其产品与中间数据的记录以及处理的原始资料均是数字的,较之常规的(传统的)数字产品的生产方法,具有自动化程度高、速度快、成果多样化等优点。两次外业和两次内业,是∶地形图数字摄影测量的主要作业流程,第二次外业调绘作为1500数字摄影测量的主要外业工作与常规调绘方法有一定的区别。∶地形图数字摄影测量适合于1500大面积数字化测图。  相似文献   

论中国东部大型盆地区及邻区地质-地球物理复合尺度解析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

杨宝俊  张梅生  王璞珺  刘财  孙晓猛  焦新华  单玄龙  孟令顺  刘万崧  许文良  郭华 《地球物理学进展》2002,17(2):317-324

作为对中国东部陆缘地带大型盆地区及邻区地质－地球物理综合研究的部分结果,本文的基本认识：（1）穿过松辽盆地的1孙吴－双辽断裂可能是东倾伯低角度壳内断裂;（2）松辽盆地和渤海湾盆地可能属于“混合型裂谷盆地”;（3）东海盆地台北坳陷处在多期次张性应力场环境中,使在其西部附近产生张性正断层系;（4）欧亚大陆东部新生代区域构造运动总体处于右旋走滑拉张环境,其动力因素包括板块运动和地幔物质运动;（5）研究区莫霍面具有较为复杂的变化;（6）复合尺度研究方法是地质－地球物理综合分析的必要手段。  相似文献   

The Control Of Coherent Eddies In Vegetation Canopies: Streamwise Structure Spacing, Canopy Shear Scale And Atmospheric Stability   总被引：9，自引：9，他引：0  

Y. Brunet  M. R. Irvine 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(1):139-163

An analogy has been established between a plane mixing layer and the atmospheric flow near the top of a vegetation canopy. It is based on a common feature, a strong inflection in the mean velocity profile, responsible for hydrodynamical instabilities that set the pattern for the coherent eddies and determine the turbulence length scales. In an earlier study, this analogy was tested using a small data set from thirteen experiments, all in near-neutral conditions. It provided a good prediction of the streamwise spacing _w of the dominant canopy eddies (evaluated from time series of vertical velocity) that appears to depend on a shear length scale L_s = U(h)/U'(h), where h is canopy height, U is mean velocity and U' the vertical gradient dU/dz. The present analysis utilizes an extensive data set of approximately 700 thirty-minute runs, from six experiments on two forest sites and a maize crop, with a large range of stability conditions. _w was estimated for each run using the wavelet transform as an objective, automated detection method. First, the variations of _w and L_s with atmospheric stability are discussed. Neutral and unstable values exhibit a large scatter whereas in stable conditions both variables decrease with increasing stability. It is subsequently found that _w is directly related to L_s, in a way close to the neutral prediction _w /h = 8.1L_s/h.The Strouhal number S_tr = L_s /_w is then shown to vary with atmospheric stability, weakly in unstable conditions, more significantly in stable conditions. Altogether these results suggest that, to some extent, the plane mixing-layer analogy can be extended to non-neutral conditions. It is argued that the primary effect of atmospheric stability, at least in stable conditions, is to modify the shear length scale L_s through changes in U(h) and U'(h), which in turn determines the streamwise spacing of the active, coherent motions.  相似文献   

南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

陈铭夏  李宗恺 《气象科学》2000,20(2):111-119

本文利用"城市生物气溶胶研究”中的超声风温仪观测资料,对南京市近地层大气的湍流强度、相关系数、速度谱及通量输送等进行研究,得到南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征的一些结论.  相似文献   

Model study of the relationship between sediment yield and river basin area     

S. J. Birkinshaw  J. C. Bathurst 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(6):750-761

The SHETRAN physically based, spatially distributed model is used to investigate the scaling relationship linking specific sediment yield to river basin area, for two contrasting topographies of upland and more homogeneous terrain and as a function of sediment source, land use and rainfall distribution. Modelling enables the effects of the controls to be examined on a systematic basis, while avoiding the difficulties associated with the use of field data (which include limited data, lack of measurements for nested basins and inability to isolate the effects of individual controls). Conventionally sediment yield is held to decrease as basin area increases, as the river network becomes more remote from the headwater sediment sources (an inverse relationship). However, recent studies have reported the opposite variation, depending on the river basin characteristics. The simulation results are consistent with these studies. If the sediment is supplied solely from hillslope erosion (no channel bank erosion) then, with uniform land use, sediment yield either decreases or is constant as area increases. The downstream decrease is accentuated if rainfall (and thence erosion) is higher in the headwaters than at lower elevations. Introducing a non‐uniform land use (e.g. forest at higher elevations, wheat at lower elevations) can reverse the trend, so that sediment yield increases downstream. If the sediment is supplied solely from bank erosion (no hillslope erosion), the sediment yield increases downstream for all conditions. The sediment yield/basin area relationship can thus be inverse or direct, depending on basin characteristics. There still remains, therefore, considerable scope for defining a universal scaling law for sediment yield. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

“数字城市”建设中的地图综合技术     

成建国 《地理空间信息》2006,4(1):69-71

在“数字城市”建设中,完成了基本比例尺地图数据建库后,面临的紧要问题就是如何维护更新数据,以及建立跨比例尺数据间的联系,数字技术环境下的自动化地图综合技术成为必须解决的技术问题。通过“数字深圳”空间数据基础设施建设实际,讨论了数字环境下地图综合的概念、实施路线及软件开发方法,对多尺度空间数据库建设有关问题进行了思考。  相似文献   

小波分析在重力界面反演中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张会战  方剑  张子占 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(3):233-236

基于Parker-Oldenburg反演方法，分析了低通滤波器B（K）的不同阈值对位场分离的影响。分别采用小波变换和低通滤波对青藏高原地区布格重力异常进行了位场分解和莫霍面反演，并将反演结果与地震资料作比较。结果表明，在重力位场分解中小波多尺度分解可以代替低通滤波器B（K），避免了闻值的选取。  相似文献