雁南煤矿北二采区充水因素及开采影响评价     

于世全  任德平 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(3):51-52

在全面分析大雁矿业集团公司雁南煤矿北二采区的水文地质条件及煤层开采矿井充水因素的基础上,计算了开采27^1号煤层时导水裂隙带发育高度．得出了北二采区各煤层工作面开采即不会受到上部砂砾含水层的影响,雁南煤矿铁路涵洞以西的胜利河冲击沟也不会受到北二采区的采动塌陷影响的结论。  相似文献   

新密市白石沟井田二1煤层充水因素分析     

王军强  崔蓓蕾 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(7):38-42

白石沟井田是近年来探明的大巾型井田,位于五指岭-白寨背斜东端之南翼,新密-新郑复向斜之北翼．岗亚腰断层和梁山断层之间的地垒构造上,其基本构造形态为-向东倾伏的宽缓背斜。二叠系下统山西组二1煤为主要开采煤层,探明二1煤资源量7206×10^7t。分析了井田含水岩组及其富水性,对断层带及其富水特征进行了研究,从矿床（二1煤层）充水的水源、通道、机理三个方面分析了矿床充水因素,指出二1煤层的主要充水水源为该煤层底板的石炭系岩溶裂隙-承压水,充水通道为断层带和灰岩的岩溶裂隙发育带,充水机理为矿压及高水头压力冲破煤层底板阻水层阻力,形成底鼓,迅速突水。认为该井田水文地质勘查类型为三类二型,提出了排除与隔离地表水体,预留防水安全煤柱,灌浆辅助采掘的井田突水防范措施。  相似文献   

酸性矿山废水中生物成因次生高铁矿物的形成及环境工程意义   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

周立祥 《地学前缘》2008,15(6)

酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类pH低并含有大量有毒金属元素的废水。AMD及受其影响的环境中次生高铁矿物类型主要包括羟基硫酸高铁矿物(如黄铁矾和施威特曼石等)和一些含水氧化铁矿物(如针铁矿和水铁矿等),而且这些矿物在不同条件下会发生相转变,如施氏矿物向针铁矿或黄铁矾矿物相转化。基于酸性环境中生物成因次生矿物的形成会"自然钝化"或"清除"废水中铁和有毒金属这一现象所获得的启示,提出利用这些矿物作为环境吸附材料去除地下水中砷,不但吸附量大(如施氏矿物对As的吸附可高达120mg/g),而且可直接吸附As(III),还几乎不受地下水中其他元素影响。利用AMD环境中羟基硫酸高铁矿物形成的原理,可将其应用于AMD石灰中和主动处理系统中,构成"强化微生物氧化诱导成矿-石灰中和"的联合主动处理系统,以提高AMD处理效果和降低石灰用量。利用微生物强化氧化与次生矿物晶体不断生长的原理构筑生物渗透性反应墙(PRB)并和石灰石渗透沟渠耦联,形成新型的AMD联合被动处理系统,这将有助于大幅度增加处理系统的寿命和处理效率。此外,文中还探讨了上述生物成因矿物形成在AMD和地下水处理方面应用的优点以及今后需要继续研究的问题。  相似文献   

贵州省大方县五凤井田水文地质特征初探     

向国灿 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(4):49-52

五风井田位于贵州省大方县城东侧,面积89.22km^2,含煤地层为二叠系上统龙潭组,主要可采煤层为6中、26、33号煤层,煤炭总资源量26 130万t。井田内主要含水层为三叠系茅草铺组岩溶溶洞含水层（T1m）,夜郎组玉龙山灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层T1y2）,二叠系中统长兴组岩溶裂隙含水层（P3c）、茅口组岩溶溶洞-暗河含水层（P2m）。矿床属于以岩溶充水为主,水文地质条件中等的矿床。井田的充水水源为地表水、地下水和小煤矿、采空区的老窑积水,充水通道为断裂破碎带及采矿冒落裂隙带。  相似文献   

基于GIS组件与ANN耦合技术的矿井构造复杂程度评价     

刘德民  ;张品刚  ;李小明  ;洪益清  ;阎海珠 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(10):74-76

矿井构造是影响煤矿安全生产的主要因素,对瓦斯突出、矿井突水有着明显的控制作用。矿井构造具有空间性和非线性等特点,使矿井构造复杂程度评价的难度较大,据此利用MapObjects的空间分析功能和非线性人工神经网络（ANN）耦合技术,对矿井构造复杂程度进行评价。根据前人的研究成果,将突水系数、底板倾角变异系数、底板标高变异系数、断层强度指数、断层密度等5项指标引入评价体系,经过空间分析统计和模型识别,建立了矿井构造复杂程度评价模型。在开滦矿区东欢矿8煤层构造复杂程度的评价中,共训练及评价了研究区的226个评价单元．评价结果表明研究区西部及西北部构造复杂,中部及东南部构造相对简单。  相似文献   

陆丰南地区断拗转换界面厘定及其地质意义     

阙晓铭  雷永昌  张向涛  邱欣卫 《地质学报》2022,96(11):3943-3954

珠江口盆地经历裂陷阶段向拗陷阶段的转变，同期沉积地层记录了该构造变革和沉积演化过程，为厘定断拗转换界面提供了可能。基于地震反射、沉积旋回特征，识别出陆丰南地区恩平组内部存在全区可追踪对比的构造沉积转换面——T72界面，也是区分上下恩平组界面。对陆丰13洼洼间隆钻井LFA开展上下恩平组碎屑锆石U- Pb 定年、重矿物组分、元素分析，提出恩平组T72界面上下地层物源体系发生转变。结合区域沉积充填特征，表明陆丰南地区T72界面为断- 拗转换界面。具体表现为：下恩平组沉积期湖盆继承文昌期裂陷盆地特征，湖盆水体较深，物源主要为盆地内部的中生代基底凸起，沉积层序明显受盆内低凸起控制，在盆内低凸起四周发育一系列近源的辫状河三角洲，井区主要接受来自惠陆低凸起物源;上恩平组沉积期间，湖盆进入断拗过渡期，湖盆扩大、水体变浅，盆内低凸起四周的断裂活动减弱，沉积层序逐渐向盆内低凸起超覆，盆外太古宙—古生代物源组分供给不断加强，近源的三角洲砂体逐渐向远源的浅水三角洲砂体转化，同时发育宽广的滨浅湖环境，原供给物源的惠陆低凸起为水体淹没，井区接受了北部隆起外的物源。  相似文献   

Environmental aspects of selected trace metals in soils and waters surrounding Singaran Nala, Raniganj Coalfield     

Supriyo Das 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):24-25

The Raniganj Coalfield is the oldest coalfield in India that has been continuously and extensively mined since the late eighteenth century. The present study reports a geochemical investigation and environmental quality assessment using soil and water in the area surrounding a stream, locally known as Singaran Nala （Nala means storm water drains in Bengali）, in the Raniganj Coalfield. Soil （top soil, mud, silty clay and laterite） and rock samples （sandstone and shale） were collected from the study area and were analyzed for trace metals （Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn）. Surface waters from the stream and the Damodar River as well as ground waters from hand pumps and underground mine pits were collected. Water samples were analyzed for major ions （Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, HNO3^- and SO4^2-） and trace metals （Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn）. Trace metal concentrations in soil samples are found higher than the average world soil composition. Nevertheless, trace metal （Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn） concentrations in soils exceed or reach the maximum allowable concentrations （MAC） proposed by the European Commission for agricultural soils. In particular, Ni concentrations exceed the typical value for cultivated soils. Chromium, Cu and Ni concentrations in laterite and Cr concentration in topsoil exceed the ecotoxicological limit.  相似文献   

Permeability of Hydraulic Fills and Barricade Bricks     

Nagaratnam Sivakugan  Kirralee Rankine  Rudd Rankine 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):661-673

Permeability is one of the most important parameters in the design of hydraulic backfilling of mine stopes. A simple and reproducible method was developed for preparing reconstituted hydraulic fill sample in the laboratory, that is representative of the hydraulic fill in the mine stope, replicating the slurry sedimentation process taking place in the mine. Constant head and falling head permeability tests were carried out on the samples, giving consistent results. A brick permeameter was developed to study the flow characteristics of the porous barricade bricks under one-dimensional flow, simulating the flow conditions in the mine. Three different methods were used to determine the permeability of the brick and the results showed very good agreement. This is the first rational attempt to measure the permeability of the porous barricade bricks that are used to close the horizontal access drives in the mines, thus retaining the hydraulic fill. The measurements show that the permeability of the barricade brick is about two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of the hydraulic fill.  相似文献   

The Removal of Dissolved Metals by Hydroxysulphate Precipitates during Oxidation and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waters, Iberian Pyrite Belt   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J. Sánchez España  E. López Pamo  E. Santofimia Pastor  J. Reyes Andrés  J. A. Martín Rubí 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(3):269-298

This study examines the removal of dissolved metals during the oxidation and neutralization of five acid mine drainage (AMD) waters from La Zarza, Lomero, Esperanza, Corta Atalaya and Poderosa mines (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Huelva, Spain). These waters were selected to cover the spectrum of pH (2.2–3.5) and chemical composition (e.g., 319–2,103 mg/L Fe; 2.85–33.3 g/L SO₄⁼) of the IPB mine waters. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory to simulate the geochemical evolution previously recognized in the field. This evolution includes two stages: (1) oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) followed by hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe(III), and (2) progressive pH increase during mixing with fresh waters. Fe(III) precipitates at pH < 3.5 (stages 1 and 2) in the form of schwertmannite, whereas Al precipitates during stage 2 at pH 5.0 in the form of several hydroxysulphates of variable composition (hydrobasaluminite, basaluminite, aluminite). During these stages, trace elements are totally or partially sorbed and/or coprecipitated at different rates depending basically on pH, as well as on the activity of the SO₄⁼ anion (which determines the speciation of metals). The general trend for the metals which are chiefly present as aqueous free cations (Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) is a progressive sorption at increasing pH. On the other hand, As and V (mainly present as anionic species) are completely scavenged during the oxidation stage at pH < 3.5. In waters with high activities (> 10⁻¹) of the SO ₄⁼ ion, some elements like Al, Zn, Cd, Pb and U can also form anionic bisulphate complexes and be significantly sorbed at pH < 5. The removal rates at pH 7.0 range from around 100% for As, V, Cu and U, and 60–80% for Pb, to less than 20% for Zn, Co, Ni and Mn. These processes of metal removal represent a significant mechanism of natural attenuation in the IPB.  相似文献   

江苏省矿山的主要生态环境问题及治理对策     

徐翠云 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):160-163

江苏的经济发展较快,对矿产资源的需求量亦大。多年来的无序开采,对生态环境造成很大的破坏和影响,出现了山体植被遭受破坏、土地被占用、环境受污染、诱发地面沉降、地面塌陷等一系列问题,已影响到国民经济的发展。随着省人大和省政府关于限制开山采石和保护环境等政策、法规出台和落实,近几年乱采滥挖现象基本得到了有效的遏制。人们的环保意识得到了加强,不少矿山已逐步开始对环境治理,且初见成效。文章介绍了江苏生态环境现状、存在的主要问题和治理对策,以期引起各级政府和广大民众在对矿产资源开采的同时更要注重环境保护。  相似文献