Geochemistry of shallow sediments in Guaymas Basin, gulf of California: hydrothermal gas and oil migration and effects of mineralogy     

B.R.T. Simoneit  R.N. Leif  A.A. Sturz  A.E. Sturdivant  J.M. Gieskes 《Organic Geochemistry》1992,18(6)

Offset of prograde hydrothermal alterations by retrograde reactions is evident in sediments from a piston core (PC6, 8 m long) from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of sediments and pore fluids show superimposed geochemical signals that indicate currently active reactions are modifying previously formed secondary solids. Hydrothermal barite was formed in a previously active flow channel between 150 and 250 cm depth. Hydrothermal gypsum is presently dissolving at depths > 780 cm, below which hydrothermal fluid flow is channeled by a secondary dolomite layer. Thermal stress of organic matter generates hydrothermal gas and petroleum having wide ranges of compositions and maturities. A significant amount of hydrothermally generated oil has been transported laterally through a porous debris flow (approx. 240 cm subbottom), overwhelming the indigenous bituminous matter. Water soluble petroleum constituents have disseminated throughout the cored sediments. From 400 to 700 cm depth the immature organic matter continues to experience thermally-enhanced diagenesis, and an even higher thermal stress has occurred at the bottom of the core. Enhanced bacterial degradation of organic matter has led to depletion of pore water sulfate and enrichment of ammonium (NH₄⁺) in both pore fluid and sediment, resulting in formation of NH₄⁺ bearing secondary clay minerals at depths below 780 cm.  相似文献   

基性、超基性岩及矿产研究概述 庆祝地矿部西安地质矿产研究所建所30周年     

李行 《西北地质科学》1992,(2)

主要介绍我所30年来,在基性、超基性岩及有关矿产研究方面的基本概况、取得的进展及今后一些展望。其中所列进展主要包括:岩浆矿床学、岩石及成因学、岩浆建造学及矿床评价和预测等四个方面的研究。  相似文献   

长江口细颗粒沉积物的矿物特征和沉积分异   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吕全荣 《上海国土资源》1992,(3):18-25

作者系用双目显微镜、偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、X 衍射仪等方法对长江口细颗粒沉积物中的轻矿物、重矿物、粘土矿物进行了定量估算和分析研究,进而阐述细颗粒沉积物的矿物特征、沉积特征及其粘土矿物的沉积分异作用。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区水化学场分布特征及形成机理     

刘孟合  黄婉  刘冬勤  魏克涛 《地质与资源》1992,28(3):260-265

鄂东南矿集区殷祖岩体南部的刘家垄矿区，勘探线和钻孔显示刘家垄铜矿体主要倾向南、南西，受到毛铺-两剑桥东西断裂带的构造控制.矿体主要集中在石英闪长岩体与志留系碎屑岩接触交代部位，在岩体内侧赋存成矿.矿化类型主要有黄铜矿化石英闪长岩和含黄铜矿石英脉.围岩主要为钾化石英闪长岩和角岩化的粉砂岩.通过对比区域上的成矿类型，刘家垄脉状铜矿与斑岩型有关，即斜长石和石英为造岩矿物，可见绿泥石、方解石等蚀变矿物.矿化主要发生在夕卡岩化石英闪长岩带.通过总结成矿规律，认为有利的勘探区段在断裂构造发育、岩体与碎屑岩接触部位的岩体一侧.  相似文献   

高精度氧同位素测定系统     

咸嘉泉  刘承范  刘祥 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1991,(2)

含氧矿物和岩石氧同位素测试精度主要取决于氧同位素分析样品的制备精度。为了连续稳定地测定高精度的氧同位素数据,笔者等研制了BrF_5—8701氧制备台。本系统具有下列特点:板、块、架分立结构;自动恒温;等阻值并联加热电炉;直播式镍反应器;氩气中路吹除。从而提高了氧制备台的稳定性和制备精度。含氧矿物和岩石的氧同位素测试精度优于0.1‰,测试成功率达100％。  相似文献   

An evaluation of the undiscovered mineral resources of India based on the concept of unit regional value     

M. V. B. Raju  G. B. Misra 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(6):841-852

Unit regional value (URV) and unit regional weight (URW) are relatively new concepts which are used to measure the intensity of the development of the mineral resources of any particular region. URV and URW of the mineral resources of India have been evaluated by sector, by commodity, as well as by state. The results are compared with values for the U.S.A. established by earlier workers and which can be taken as a standard for comparison with the mineral resources of other regions. URV of India, evaluated through the years 1898–1985, shows that the total mineral resources produced stands at $24.4 billion U.S. (deflated to 1967 value). Log URV of India lies below one standard deviation of the value for the states of the U.S. Like the U.S. India's major contribution to its URV is from fuels, but it is much less compared to that of the U.S. Next to fuels, metals, nonmetals, construction materials, and precious materials follow in that order. Except for two states, viz. Bihar and West Bengal, all other states are just below two standard deviations of the states of the U.S. The state of J&K is even much lower than the two standard deviations mark. It is concluded that India has a high potential for undiscovered mineral resources. However, this will require a large investment in exploration, on the order of Rs. 7760 crores, in the next few years.  相似文献   

不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物成因类型及晶体化学分类   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陆琦  雷新荣  刘惠芳 《矿物学报》1991,(2)

不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物(I/S)分布极为广泛,根据大量资料,提出了I/S的成因及晶体化学分类。按其成因分为三类:成岩型、风化型、火山热液型;按其晶体化学性质分为完全无序型、部分有序型及准晶态型。讨论了各成因类型I/S的晶体化学特点,认为产出于P/T界线层粘土中的I/S具二维晶格一维准晶格。探讨了I/S与烃类形成的关系。  相似文献   

白云鄂博褐钇铌矿族矿物的矿物化学与矿物演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贡伟亮 《矿物学报》1991,11(3):200-207

本文在大量矿物化学资料及高温XRD研究基础上提出了褐钇铌矿族矿物的分类命名方案,详细地研究了该族矿物的化学成分、稀土和特殊稀土组成及固溶关系。发现了M-钍褐铈铌矿、T-钛褐钕铌矿、M-钕褐铈铌矿以及T-钇褐钕铌矿等一批新变种矿物。确定了褐钇铌矿族矿物在时间和空间上的分异演化序列,并讨论了主稀土和特殊稀土在演化过程中的基本行为,首次提出了褐钇铌矿族矿物水解共沉淀形成机理新模式,并确认成矿流体多阶段演化过程中因介质物理化学条件不同,稀土元素配合物呈现的稳定性差异是本族矿物时空演化的根本原因。此外,本文还呼吁对白云鄂博西矿区铕等资源进行评介和开发。  相似文献   

深部推断的离散型综合模式剖面法     

胡光道 《地球科学》1991,16(3):265-271

  相似文献   

金刚石中的矿物包裹体   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董振信 《矿物岩石》1991,11(3):64-71

山东、辽宁金伯利岩区金刚石中的矿物包裹体是单晶相及多晶相的。大部分原生矿物包裹体为橄榄石,也有铬尖晶石、镁铝榴石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、自然铁、针镍矿、柯石英、方解石及石墨。云母为后生包裹体矿物。橄榄石包裹体矿物富含Fo及Cr_2O_3。镁铝榴石矿物包裹体为紫红色,含Cr_2O_3,MgO及镁铬榴石分子高,形成压力为7.5GPa。单斜辉石包裹体矿物为绿色,形成温度和压力分别为:1531℃和4.5GPa。铬尖晶石包裹体矿物含Cr_2O_3及Cr/(Cr+Al)比值高,而含Al_2O_3低。柯石英的SiO_2含量为99.15％。自然铁含有少量的Co,Ni。针镍矿在金刚石中较常见。在橄榄石矿物包裹体内,见有方解石产出,其为同生矿物包裹体。  相似文献