Riparian land use and stream habitat regulate water quality     

《Limnologica》2020

Riparian land use is a key driver of stream ecosystem processes but its effects on water quality are still a matter of debate when proposing measures to improve freshwater quality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of riparian land use on stream habitat and water chemistry, and to assess in what extent stream habitat also affects water quality. To that end, we selected eight reaches in the Ave River basin (northwestern Portugal) and compared longitudinal variations in water chemistry and stream habitat between reaches with different land use (urban, agricultural and natural), and between reaches with natural riparian areas and different habitats. Stream habitat was assessed using the Fluvial Functional Index, the HABSCORE, and the Riparian Forest Quality Index. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry were determined measuring differences in concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and oxygen, and conductivity, pH and temperature between the downstream and the upstream ends of each reach. Nitrate concentration tended to decrease along reaches with more natural riparian areas and to increase along reaches with more urban and agricultural land uses. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry also differed between reaches with natural riparian areas, suggesting that water quality also depends on stream habitat. Moreover, longitudinal variation in water chemistry was proven a simple, useful and low-cost approach to assess the influence of land cover and stream habitat on water quality. Overall results demonstrated that both riparian land use and stream habitat influence water quality and that riparian forests are essential to reduce nutrient export to downstream ecosystems.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系主要含水岩组沉积岩相古地理对地下水水化学场形成和水质分布的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谢渊  邓国仕  刘建清  董维红  鲁洪江 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):64-74

通过典型水文钻孔和露头剖面沉积地质、水文地质调查、样品测试及综合研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层形成时,北部环河组、洛河组均广泛发育河流相沉积,而南部环河组湖泊相为主、洛河组沙漠沙丘相广泛分布的沉积古地理格局,这对含水岩石中长石、粘土矿物、方解石、石膏等重要矿物组成和易溶盐含量及其空间分布形成明显控制,也控制了含水层和隔水层空间分布,并显著影响了深层地下水循环交替条件的区域分布变化。在沉积-成岩环境条件下,影响地下水水化学场形成和水质分布变化的主要水-岩作用包括硫酸盐、碳酸盐及硅酸盐矿物的溶解溶滤和阳离子交换作用等水文地球化学作用。受含水层沉积岩相古地理、地下水循环及水岩作用等因素控制,环河组、洛河组地下水总体表现为盆地北区TDS低、淡水发育、以HCO3型为主,南区TDS高、微咸水和咸水发育、以HCO3.SO4型为主的分布规律,地下水水化学和水质分布在北区分布变化小、在南区上下含水层分布变化复杂。  相似文献   

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust‐Bound Trace Metal Elements around Kuhdasht Watershed Area in Iran     

Hamid Alipour  Ahmad Jalalian  Naser Honarjoo  Norair Tommanian  Fereidoon Sarmadian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(10)

Dust, as a source of trace metal elements, affects the health of society. The spatial and temporal concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in Kuhdasht watershed (456 km²), Lorestan Province, Iran, is investigated. Dust is collected using glass traps placed in ten research stations in the region. The spatial and temporal distribution of dust trace metals are plotted using ARC‐GIS. The highest and the lowest concentrations of Zn (9751150 mg kg^?1), Pb (46.352.9 mg kg^?1), and Cd (2.443.30 mg kg^?1) are obtained in winter, of Ni (98110 mg kg^?1) and Cu in autumn (16.053.5 mg kg^?1), and of Mn in summer (385505 mg kg^?1). The spatial concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals indicate all, except Cu, show a decreasing trend from the mountains toward the plains, similar to that of soil and of dust, except for Zn, which shows higher concentrations in dust than in soil. The potential sources of dust‐bound trace metals and their rate of contamination are also investigated using the enrichment and contamination factors. The major sources of Cd and Zn in the dust of watershed are due to anthropogenic activities or from activities outside the borders.  相似文献   

火电厂粉煤灰的矿物磁性及其环境意义   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

单红丹  卢升高 《矿物学报》2005,25(2):141-146

火电厂排放的粉煤灰是重要的大气颗粒污染物之一,利用粉煤灰的磁性监测环境污染是新近发展的新手段。应用矿物磁测技术和X射线衍射对浙江省主要电厂排放的粉煤灰的矿物磁性特征和磁性矿物学,以及与重金属元素的关系进行了研究,结果表明粉煤灰具有较高的磁化率（X）、软剩磁（IRM20mT）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）值,粉煤灰频率磁化率（Xfd）的平均值为2．5％,磁性矿物以多畴（MD）颗粒存在,粉煤灰的剩磁矫顽力（BCR）在42～53mT之间。矿物测试结合X射线衍射分析表明粉煤灰中的氧化铁矿物以FeO4和Fe2O3-α为主,粉煤灰的磁化率与Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、CA含量呈显著线性正相关,相关系数（r）分别是0．924,0．866,0．725,0．756,0．945和0．867,磁化率可作为粉煤灰中重金属元素含量的代用指标。  相似文献   

灰色误差理论在岩矿测试数据处理中的应用   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

陈月源  曹成东  袁秀茹  魏轶  谈建安 《岩矿测试》2009,28(6):576-582

介绍了灰色误差理论,并应用于岩矿测试数据基本处理。结果表明,在误差变化范围小的岩矿化学分析中,测量数据的累加曲线为线性关系,在元素不均匀性分布的岩矿化学分析(例如不均匀性金的测试)和岩石强度试验等分散性大的测试中,测量数据的累加曲线为曲线关系,但灰色标准偏差和传统统计学的标准偏差非常接近。该方法简单易行,具有相当的精度和较强的实用性,对测量数据少或难于寻求统计规律的测量过程尤为实用,是一种新的尝试。  相似文献   

Geochemistry,mineralogy and petrogenesis of the northeast Niğde volcanics,central Anatolia,Turkey     

Sema Yurtmen  George Rowbotham 《Geological Journal》2002,37(3):189-215

The volcanics exposed in the northeast Niğde area are characterized by pumiceous pyroclastic rocks present as ash flows and fall deposits and by compositions ranging from dacite to rhyolite. Xenoliths found in the volcanics are basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite in composition. These rocks exhibit linear chemical variations between end‐member compositions and a continuity of trace element behaviour exists through the basaltic andesite–andesite–dacite–rhyolite compositional range. This is consistent with the fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase from a basaltic andesite or andesite parent. These rocks are peraluminous and show typical high‐K calc‐alkaline differentiation trends with total iron content decreasing progressively with increasing silica content. Bulk rock and mineral compositional trends and petrographic data suggest that crustal material was added to the magmas by subducted oceanic crust and is a likely contaminant of the source zone of the Niğde magmas. The chemical variations in these volcanics indicate that crystal liquid fractionation has been a dominant process in controlling the chemistry of the northeast Niğde volcanics. It is also clear, from the petrographic and chemical features, that magma mixing with disequilibrium played a significant role in the evolution of the Niğde volcanic rocks. This is shown by normal and reverse zoning in plagioclase and resorption of most of the observed minerals. The xenoliths found in the Niğde volcanics represent the deeper part of the magma reservoir which equilibrated at the higher pressures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

福建云霄石榴子石宝石矿物学特征     

陈星韵  张良  王豪帅  张瑞锐  孙思辰 《岩石矿物学杂志》2024,43(3):673-684

福建云霄是我国重要的宝石级石榴子石产地,然而该区石榴子石的致色机理不清,制约了对其形成机制的理解及后续开发利用。本文选取7件福建云霄橙黄-橙红色石榴子石样品,利用傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-可见光光谱和拉曼光谱分析其谱学特征,使用电子探针及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)分析限定其主量、微量元素组成。结果表明云霄石榴子石主要为锰铝榴石,其颜色主要与二价锰(Mn²⁺)和铁离子(Fe²⁺)对可见光的吸收有关,Mn²⁺导致其主体呈橙色,少量Fe²⁺控制其橙红色调,微量Ti⁴⁺使其呈褐色调。福建云霄石榴子石样品核部锰含量相对较低而铁、镁含量较高,锰元素含量由核部向边部逐渐升高,且具有重稀土元素富集、轻稀土元素亏损的左倾配分模式和Eu负异常,表明其形成于岩浆结晶作用晚期。  相似文献   

纳米比亚罗辛地区矿化白岗岩铀矿物学研究及意义     

陈旭  范洪海  何德宝  陈金勇  耿瑞瑞  陈东欢  王勇剑 《地质论评》2024,70(3):907-923

罗辛矿床为世界级白岗岩型铀矿床,存在SJ、SH、SK、Z17、Z19等多个矿（化）带,各矿（化）带矿物组合存在较大差异,但系统的矿物学研究程度不高。本次工作通过岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜观察、电子探针分析等方法,系统研究罗辛地区主要矿（化）带铀矿物共生组合及赋存状态。结果显示,白岗岩矿化按矿物组合可划分为3类: ①晶质铀矿+锆石+磷灰石组合,主要分布在Z17、Z19、SJ矿床（带）;②铀石 、铀钍石+榍石+磷灰石组合,主要分布在SH矿床;③贝塔石组合,主要分布在SK、SH矿床。研究区铀成矿可划分为3个期次：岩浆期、热液期、表生淋积期。岩浆期为主成矿期,研究区晶质铀矿电子探针化学年龄为505±11 Ma,代表岩浆期成矿年龄。SH应进一步寻找铀石、铀钍石+榍石+磷灰石组合矿化白岗岩。  相似文献   

Litterfall,litter and associated chemistry in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 1. Litterfall and litter     

R. H. Crockford  D. P. Richardson 《水文研究》1998,12(3):365-384

Litterfall was measured in a dry schlerophyll eucalypt forest and a nearby Pinus radiata plantation of similar tree density and basal area near Canberra in south-eastern Australia. Total annual litterfall for the eucalypts was 329 g m⁻², compared with 180 g m⁻² for the pines, with the bark component being 52 g m⁻² for eucalypts and zero for pines. Barkfall did not occur for the eucalypts during the drought of 1982–1983 but complete bark shedding occurred during the subsequent very wet year when barkfall was 177 g m⁻² for Eucalyptus rossii and 146 g m⁻² for Eucalyptus mannifera (9·3 and 7·6 g m⁻² of basal area, respectively). Barkfall of E. rossii responded to rainfall in the period autumn to early summer, whereas E. mannifera responded to summer rainfall. In the eucalypt forest floor-litter was stratified into a surface layer where the components were substantially intact, and a cohesive layer where the components were fragmented and bound together by fungal hyphae. The amount and residence times of loose and cohesive floor-litter were 1056 g m⁻² and 3·2 years, respectively, for the loose litter layer; and 1164 g m⁻² and 3·5 years for the cohesive layer. The litter biomass represented 17% of the estimated total above-ground biomass of 127 tonnes ha⁻¹. A previous study showed roots to be 25% of total biomass, suggesting a total biomass of 167 tonnes ha⁻¹. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

川西稻城岩体岩浆混合作用：矿物学特征的证据     

张瑞刚  和文言  高雪  李萌萌 《地学前缘》2018,25(6):226-239

义敦岛弧形成于晚三叠世大规模俯冲造山作用过程中,位于松潘甘孜地体和羌塘地体之间。稻城边部岩体是义敦岛弧带内规模巨大的复式花岗质岩体,由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩组成。大量暗色镁铁质微粒包体发育于花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩中,且其与寄主岩石的接触界线明显。暗色镁铁质微粒包体具有细粒结构,发育石英眼构造、针状磷灰石和具环带结构的斜长石斑晶。文中以稻城岩体寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中斜长石、黑云母和角闪石为研究对象,开展岩相学和电子探针原位化学成分分析,厘定了矿物形成的物理化学条件,探讨了岩浆混合作用过程及其形成的构造环境。研究表明：花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体中的斜长石主要为中长石,其核部呈浑圆状;前者核部的An值(21~50)显著高于幔部(21~34);后者则发育典型的突变环带,An值(29~44)呈波状变化且相对集中。暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗闪长岩中斜长石的An值部分重叠表明二者形成过程中存在含量的岩浆混合作用。斜长石环带中的An值随Al2O3、FeO、MgO和CaO含量的升高而升高,但随SiO2、Na2O和K2O含量的升高而降低。寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中角闪石富镁铁,阳离子特征为：CaB=1.56~1.75,Ti=0.08~0.13,属于钙质角闪石,具壳源特征,其结晶温度分别为697~725 ℃和680~705 ℃。花岗闪长岩中黑云母的Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)为0.37~0.45,显示出富Fe贫Ca、Mg,属于典型的岩浆成因黑云母。黑云母TiO2含量变化范围为3.54%~4.62%,Al2O3含量变化范围为13.89%~15.15%;黑云母的氧化系数为0.08~0.11,Mg#为0.39~0.46,MF值为0.36~0.44,单位分子中阳离子数AlⅥ为0.03~0.11,以单位分子中Ti和Al阳离子数计算的黑云母结晶温度为584~624 ℃,表明其结晶温度较高,具壳幔混源特征。稻城岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔混源成因的I型花岗岩,暗色微粒包体是由镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆不同程度的混合作用形成的。  相似文献