琼东南盆地北礁地区梅山组丘形反射特征     

李俞锋  蒲仁海  胡宝清  樊笑微  李斌  邓东  王飞  郭瑞川 《海洋学报》2017,39(12):53-62

目前琼东南盆地北礁凹陷中中新统梅山组顶部丘形反射引起广泛关注,但对其成因有不同认识。本文通过高精度二维、三维地震、钻井资料,研究丘形反射的特征。研究表明北礁地区梅山组顶部发育近东西向展布的长条形丘体,丘间为水道,丘内为中-弱振幅的地震反射,与西南部强振幅水道砂岩形成鲜明的对比,波阻抗反演揭示丘内为低波阻抗,属泥岩范畴。梅山组塑性丘内地层发生重力扩展,在其上覆的脆性地层（强振幅砂岩和弱振幅泥岩）发育多边形断层,反推出梅山组形成于深水环境,丘为泥丘,沉积环境分析也认为北礁凹陷中中新世为半深海沉积,梅山组的丘-谷分别对应上覆地层的谷-丘,认为是底流剥蚀/沉积成因。本文的研究对南海北部丘形反射的认识有重要意义,并可降低油气探勘风险。  相似文献   

天山乌苏段火山泥元素组成及含量分析     

尹兆明  姜莹芳  张亚刚  张学敏  张乐涛  王彩云  曹嘉洌  王瑶  方静涵  黄楠楠 《干旱区地理》2017,40(5):1047-1053

采用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱分析（EDXRF）对新疆乌苏天山泥火山土壤样品的元素含量进行了测定。采用单指标评价指数法和内梅罗综合指数法,对新疆天山乌苏段火山泥中的重金属的种类和含量进行了研究,结果显示：Cd、As、Cu元素的含量达到土壤环境质量评价的二级标准,Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn、Ni元素的含量达到土壤环境质量评价的一级标准,乌苏天山火山泥综合评价达到二级标准。将火山泥的元素含量与新疆地区不同土质的土壤元素含量进行比较,与干旱区不同省份的土壤元素含量进行比较,分析了火山泥元素组成及含量的成因。  相似文献   

origin of the mud volcano in northern tianshan constrained by geochemical investigation     

GAO Xiao-qi  LIANG Hui  WANG Hai-tao  ZHENG Li-ming  LI Jie  ZHAO Chun-qing  XIANG Yang  ZHANG Tao 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1215-1224

Mud volcano is a kind of structural geological phenomena under certain hydrogeological environment and can bring plenty of valuable information to the ground when it erupts, therefore, many researchers call it as "Heaven granted well" whose depth can be up to 12km. Mud volcanoes in Xinjiang are distributed in the central-west region of North Tianshan, and five of them are representative, namely, Horgus, Dushanzi, Wenquan, Poplar valley, and Sailetike. We tested the gas, fluid and solid components of these mud volcanoes through investigations and studies of topography and geomorphology, geological and hydrogeological conditions, and mud debris characteristics, and preliminary obtained the origin of these mud volcanoes based on geochemical features. Finally, the paper describes briefly that the continuous enchancement of regional crustal tectonic stress can not only give rise to the seismogenesis and earthquake occurrence, but also break the original cycle of mud volcano to bring about significant activity, therefore, the two have a certain homology relationship.  相似文献   

Modeling planform evolution of a mud‐dominated meandering river: Quinn River,Nevada, USA          下载免费PDF全文

Yo Matsubara  Alan D. Howard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(10):1365-1377

A depth‐averaged linearized meander evolution model was calibrated and tested using the field data collected at the Quinn River in the Black Rock Desert, Nevada. Two approaches used to test the model were: (1) simulating meander evolution and comparing the results with the observed 38 year migration pattern; and (2) fitting the model parameters to present bank asymmetry (the ratio of the maximum bank gradients on opposite sides of the channel). The data required as input were collected in the field during a high flow in May 2011 and from aerial photographs and LiDAR data. Both approaches yielded similar results for the best fit parameter values. The bank asymmetry analysis showed that the bank asymmetry and the velocity perturbation have high correlation at close to zero spatial lag while the maximum correlation between the bank asymmetry and maximum bend curvature is offset by about 25 m. The model sufficiently replicated 38 years of channel migration, with a few locations significantly under‐ or over‐predicted. Inadequacies of the flow model and/or variation in bank properties unaccounted for are most likely the causes for these discrepancies. Flow through the Quinn River was also simulated by a more general 3D model. The downstream pattern of near‐bank shear stresses simulated by the 3D model is nearly identical to those resulting from the linearized flow model. Topographic profiles across interior bends are essentially invariant over a wide range of migration rates, suggesting that the traditional formulation that cut bank erosion processes govern migration rates is appropriate for the Quinn River. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

考虑泥浆套不同形态的顶管管壁摩阻力计算公式   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王双  夏才初  葛金科 《岩土力学》2014,35(1):159-166

大直径、长距离顶管施工常通过注浆形成泥浆套来减小阻力,泥浆套的形态及其完整性对管壁摩阻力大小有决定性作用,现有摩阻力计算公式一般未考虑不同泥浆套形态对摩阻力的影响,计算结果与实际情况相差较大。根据不同施工状况对顶管外壁泥浆套的可能形态进行了分类及成因分析,提出了判断3种常见泥浆套形态的方法。利用半无限弹性体中柱形圆孔扩张理论探讨了注浆压力对泥浆套厚度的影响,结合非线性流体力学计算泥浆与管壁接触产生的摩阻力,最终采用挖掘面稳定假设,针对3种泥浆套形态提出了摩阻力计算公式。采用该方法对工程案例进行计算,计算结果与实测数据对比表明：现有摩阻力计算公式的计算结果过于保守,所提出的计算公式是合理和有效的。  相似文献   

泥浆在地层中的渗透特性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闵凡路  魏代伟  姜腾  张春雷 《岩土力学》2014,35(10):2801-2806

保持开挖孔（槽）的稳定性是泥浆在地下连续墙、钻孔灌注桩及泥水盾构工法等工程中最重要的作用,是通过泥浆在地层表面形成泥皮,使得泥浆压力平衡地层的土水压力实现的。其中,泥皮的形成是泥浆在地层中的渗透问题。为了探讨泥浆在地层中的渗透规律,采用多组性质不同的泥浆在多种渗透性不同的地层中开展泥浆在地层中的渗透试验,系统地展示了泥浆在地层中不同的渗透现象。渗透完成后泥浆颗粒在地层表面的堆积形态可以分为：泥皮型、泥皮+渗透带型、无泥皮或渗透带3种类型,并且泥浆在地层中的渗透曲线的类型与泥浆颗粒在地层表面的堆积形态的类型有一定的对应关系。泥浆在地层中的渗透试验过程中渗透流量的大小,不仅可以反映泥浆的渗透类型,还可以作为判断是否形成泥皮的标准。  相似文献   

青藏高原天然气水合物遥感探测研究     

万余庆  吕俊娥  谭富荣  刘卓  乔军伟 《煤田地质与勘探》2014,42(5):25-29

介绍了天然气水合物的遥感探测方法,即:首先选择适当的ETM+、ASTER以及Quickbird等遥感图像,分析可见光、短波红外、热红外波段的影像特征,反演地表温度;然后结合野外调查和前人资料,寻找天然气水合物的直接和间接遥感解译标志,进行遥感解译。研究结果表明,青藏高原天然气远景区出现的几种遥感解译标志包括:地表上空高温异常(尤其是水体上空)、泥火山、沼泽地水体中大量气泡和棕黄色沉淀物,以及碳酸盐化、粘土化等指示信息。本研究为进一步开展大规模天然气水合物遥感调查和圈定靶区提供了基础方法。   相似文献   

济州岛西南泥质区粒度组分变化的古环境应用   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

向荣  杨作升  郭志刚  范德江  肖尚斌  陈木宏 《地球科学》2005,30(5):582-588

利用激光粒度仪对位于东海陆架济州岛西南泥质区的B2孔进行了沉积物粒度分析,根据标准偏差变化检出了B2孔含有4个粒度组分：〉65．6、65．6～10．5、10．5～1．3和〈1．3μm,其中〉65．6μm粗组分含量很低,主要是以底栖有孔虫为主的生源沉积．各组分平均粒径和粒度含量随孔深的变化显示了65．6～10．5μm组分在B2孔含量较高（21％～30％）,变化最明显,是该孔对环境变化最敏感的粒度组分．研究表明该敏感组分的粒度含量和平均粒径变化主要受东亚冬季风的强弱变化制约,其变化恢复的近2ka来东亚冬季风变化和中国东部气候变化序列具有很好的一致性,证明65．6～10．5μm粒度组分可以作为东亚冬季风的替代指标．  相似文献   

Distribution and Acoustic Characteristics of Shallow Gas in the Korea Strait Shelf Mud off SE Korea     

DAE CHOUL KIM  GWANG HOON LEE  YOUNG KYO SEO  GIL YOUNG KIM  SEOK YUN KIM  JEONG CHANG KIM 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-2):21-31

Shallow gas in the Korea Strait shelf mud (KSSM) off SE Korea, revealed by high-resolution subbottom profiles, is associated with acoustic blanking, acoustic turbidity, seepages with plumes in the water column, and seafloor depressions. The acoustic blanking, characterized by strong, consistent top reflection and wipeout below, is most dominant. The seaward edge of the acoustic blanking zone generally coincides with the 100-m water-depth contour, suggesting that the water depth (the pressure) may control the distribution of shallow gas. The acoustic turbidity, characterized by diffuse top reflection, is a dark smear, partially blanking the data below. The seepages with plumes, characterized by vertical smearing and disturbed seafloor, are seen only along the shallowest, landward edge of the acoustic blanking zone. This may suggest that the decreased gas solubility at shallow water depths, caused by the lowered pressure, increases the volume of free gas in the sediments, facilitating the gas escape. The seafloor depressions, interpreted as pockmarks, are accompanied by cone-shaped acoustic masking, which is probably the reflection from a narrow vent of gas. The gas-related acoustic anomalies appear to occur mostly in the upper, recent mud of the KSSM. Neither permeable beds nor faults, which can act as vertical migration pathways for deep thermogenic gas, are evident in the recent mud. We interpret that the bacterial degradation of organic matter in situ is the main source for the gas in the KSSM. The upwelling off SE Korea may be an important source for the increased organic matter in the area.  相似文献   

Intertidal macrofauna and environmental stress at a riverine–marine boundary     

《Marine environmental research》2013

A field experiment was carried out to test the effect of pore water salinity on the macrobenthic assemblages in an estuarine region of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) subjected to wide fluctuations in salinity. The conditions at the experimental site ranged from freshwater (minimum salinity 0.2) to mesohaline (maximum salinity 15.3). The experimental site was affected by an unexpected deposition of fluid mud during summer. Redundancy Analysis discriminated the experimental treatments along the first canonical ordination axis. The analysis also revealed an experimental gradient of increasing environmental stress, in which the minimal presence of organisms corresponded to treatments representing a high level of environmental stress. Sediment dynamics and saline fluctuations were the major factors that, together, determined the low macrofaunal abundance and species diversity at the experimental site. The most abundant macrofaunal species in this harsh environment were the polychaetes Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii.  相似文献