利用注聚合物泥浆伤害岩电实验参数变化评价特低渗透储层   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

赵继勇  宋子齐  王桂成  庞振宇  王瑞飞 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(4):1223-1229

针对鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡长6特低渗透储层受聚合物泥浆伤害,微电极电阻率曲线在渗透层上的正幅度差异不明显,直观指示油气层和水层的深、中,浅探测电阻率在常规储层的有序排列基本消失.通过注聚合物泥浆驱替前后岩石电阻率与孔隙度及含水饱和度实验关系分析,驱替后岩样电阻率显著增大,岩样电阻率随含水饱和度增大而减小的基本规律不复存在.归纳其岩性系数a、电阻率系数b比驱替前大得多,饱和度指数n由正变负,反映出注聚合物泥浆驱替破坏了储层孔隙结构及其基本特征,测井中造成了范围较小的高侵和特高侵地层电阻率带.从而提出在较为致密的低渗砂、致密砂聚合物泥浆伤害储层中,利用微电极负差异及其电阻率曲线不规则增高变化划分特低渗透油层有效厚度,并以实例阐明了利用岩电实验参数变化评价特低渗透储层的方法.  相似文献   

Mud volcanoes of Italy     

Giovanni Martinelli  Alan Judd 《Geological Journal》2004,39(1):49-61

The locations and information about the sizes of 61 mud volcanoes on the Italian mainland and Sicily, plus an area of mud diapirism in the Italian Adriatic Sea, are presented. Data about the emission products are also provided. The majority of these mud volcanoes are found where thick sedimentary sequences occur within a zone of tectonic compression associated with local plate tectonic activity: the movement of the Adriatic microplate between the converging African and Eurasian plates. The principal gas emitted by these mud volcanoes is methane, which probably originates from deep within the sediments. Other mud volcanoes, associated with igneous volcanism, produce mainly carbon dioxide. The mud diapirs in the Adriatic Sea are thought to form as a result of the mobilization of shallow gassy sediments. It has been shown that radon emissions from mud volcanoes are indicators of forthcoming earthquake events. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

燃气泄漏爆炸作用下基坑动力响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨立功  夏伟  纪文栋  曲树盛  左殿军 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):989-995,1006

为研究燃气泄漏爆炸对基坑的影响,采用TNO多能法对燃气泄漏爆炸荷载进行计算,然后将爆炸冲击荷载作用于基坑周边一定范围内。首先假定不同开挖阶段燃气突然发生爆炸,然后通过ABAQUS有限元软件对不同开挖阶段下的爆炸进行数值模拟,研究不同开挖阶段燃气泄漏爆炸对基坑变形的影响。研究结果表明,每步开挖完后,爆炸荷载对基坑水平位移影响显著,而对坑内土体回弹量影响不明显。另外,每步开挖完最后一道支撑尚未安装的情况下,爆炸荷载对基坑支护结构的影响更为显著。  相似文献   

Exceptional rates and mechanisms of muddy shoreline retreat following mangrove removal     

Guillaume Brunier  Edward J. Anthony  Nicolas Gratiot  Antoine Gardel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(8):1559-1571

Probably the largest regular shoreline fluctuations on Earth occur along the 1500 km-long wave-exposed Guianas coast of South America between the mouths of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, the world's longest muddy coast. The Guianas coast is influenced by a succession of mud banks migrating northwestward from the Amazon. Migrating mud banks dissipate waves, partially weld onshore, and lead to coastal progradation, aided by large-scale colonization by mangroves, whereas mangrove-colonized areas between banks (inter-bank areas) are exposed to strong wave action and undergo erosion. On large tracts of this coast, urbanization and farming have led to fragmentation and removal of mangroves, resulting in aggravated shoreline retreat. To highlight this situation, we determined, in a setting where mangroves and backshore freshwater marshes have been converted into rice polders in French Guiana, shoreline change over 38 years (1976-2014) from satellite images and aerial orthophotographs. We also conducted four field experiments between October 2013 and October 2014, comprising topographic and hydrodynamic measurements, to determine mechanisms of retreat. The polder showed persistent retreat, at peak rates of up to -200 m/yr, and no recovery over the 38-year period of monitored change. Notwithstanding high erosion rates, mangrove shorelines show strong resilience, with recovery characterized by massive accretion. Retreat of the polder results in a steep wave-reworked shoreface with a lowered capacity for bank welding onshore and mangrove establishment. Persistent polder erosion is accompanied by the formation of a sandy chenier that retreats landwards at rates largely exceeding those in inter-bank situations. These results show that anthropogenic mangrove removal can durably modify the morphodynamics of muddy shorefaces. This limits the capacity for shoreline recovery and mangrove re-establishment even when there is no sustained long-term deficit in mud supply, as in the case of the Amazon-influenced Guianas coast. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

THE FLUID GEOCHEMICAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WUSU MUD VOLCANOES BEFORE THE JINGHE EARTHQUAKE OF M_S6.6 ON AUGUST 9, 2017          下载免费PDF全文

ZHU Cheng-ying  ZHOU Xiao-cheng  MA Rong  YAN Wei  LIANG Hui  ZHANG Tao  GAO Xiao-qi  YAN Yu-cong 《地震地质》2019,41(4):1060-1075

Mud volcano is a conical sedimentary body formed by high-pressure mud and gas-dominated fluid migrated to the surface through faults and other channels deep underground, which looks like a volcanic cone formed by magma-volcanism. As a product of crustal movement, mud volcano can bring a large amount of valuable information from deep to the surface when erupting. Therefore, mud volcano is called "god-given borehole" with a depth of 7~12km. Mud volcanoes are the result of upthrust of trapped gases released by the pressure in the stratum and also the channel for the upward migration of gases in the earth. The submarine mud volcano is one of the signs of hydrate and the living evidence of hydrate. The Wusu mud volcanoes are located in the northern Tianshan tectonic belt. Since the mud volcamoes locate in the active part of the tectonic belt and are well connected to the underground, their active degree has a good correlation with the seismicity. The earthquake cases studies based on the 7a long real-time macroscopic monitoring data and the more than 3a long geochemical monitoring data of the Wusu mud volcanoes show that in the earthquake cases of M_S ≥ 5.0 within the range of 300km around the Wusu mud volcanoes, the abnormal mud gushing quantity obviously increased by macroscopic monitoring before 9 out of 13 earthquakes. The geochemical microcosmic monitoring data showed obvious abnormal changes before 3 out of 6 earthquakes. The anomalous duration from the emergence of the anomaly to the occurrence of the earthquake is mainly of the mid-term(6~12 months). Before the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake on August 9, 2017, the Wusu mud volcanoes spewed violently and the chemical components showed an obvious high value anomaly. In January 2017, there was a significant increase in the amount of mud spewing in Aiqigou No.1mud volcano and Baiyanggou No.1mud volcano, and one month before the earthquake, there was the phenomenon that mud gushing amount of Aiqigou No.2 mud volcano gradually increased and the volcano was from dormant to active. There were obvious high values appearing before the earthquake in F^-and SO₄^2- in the Aiqigou No.1mud volcano and in F^-, CO₃^2-, SO₄^2-, Rn(gas), CH₄, Ar and N₂ in Baiyanggou(No.1 and 2)mud volcanoes. The values of F^-, CO₃^2-, SO₄^2-, Ar and N₂ showed short-term anomalies, while CH₄ and Rn(gas)showed medium term anomalies. Giggenbach triangular diagram (Na-K-Mg) indicates that the water-rock reaction of Baiyanggou mud volcanoes is complete and little disturbed by the outside. The water-rock reaction of the Aiqigou mud volcanoes is still ongoing, which can explain why the precursor anomaly of the chemical components of the Baiyanggou mud volcanoes is more obvious than that of the Aiqigou mud volcanoes. The geothermal reservoir temperature of the study area is estimated by using a cationic (Na-K, K-Mg, Na-K-Ca) geothermometer. The geothermal reservoir temperature of the Wusu mud volcanoes is about 70℃, and the circulation depth is about 3km. In the process of earthquake preparation, the mud carries deep chemical components to the ground surface due to the effect of compression stress(the result of focal mechanism)or the concentration of regional tectonic stress with earthquake preparation; Or the rock strata in or near the seismogenic area are deformed, the depth of liquid circulation will increase, and the water-rock reaction will be accelerated, which will increase the concentration of some ionic components, and the squeezing process will cause a large number of mud to gush out of the ground, carrying geochemical components. Therefore, the gushing quantity and some chemical components of the mud volcanoes were obviously abnormal before the earthquake.  相似文献   

海底宏渗漏气体走航式海洋电阻率法探测效果模拟与观测系统设计     

尚可旭  郭秀军  吴景鑫 《海洋学报》2019,41(1):142-150

为实现海底宏渗漏气体连续调查,提出了一种走航式海洋电阻率探测技术。根据前人原位观测资料和含气水体电阻率特征构建地电模型;采用数值模拟和室内试验方法获得不同参数电阻率映像剖面,分析确定探测剖面异常特征,评价探测效果。在此基础上进一步进行了探测系统设计和实验测试。研究结果表明,走航式海洋电法探测电缆可由2个供电电流极和8个电位测量极组成,电位极距需小于0.05 m;测量可采用偶极装置通过并行采集方式实现。气体分布区表现为高阻异常,异常模式由走航速度、排列长度和气体分布区横向宽度共同决定,可分为7种情形;探测电阻率极大值和气体喷出流速存在正相关指数关系。该技术可实现气体分布范围和喷出速率快速探测。  相似文献   

陆架环流作用下的北黄海中北部细颗粒物质输运   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

石勇  高建华  刘强  艾乔  盛辉  汪亚平  李军  白凤龙 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):53-63

海洋泥质沉积是流域、古气候及海平面变化信息的重要载体,对该粒级物质的系统研究,是获取环境信息的重要手段。为此,采集北黄海中北部表层沉积物80件,经室内筛分处理,并对细颗粒组分（<63 μm）进行了稀土元素（REE）测试。结果显示REE的含量及分布模式在长山列岛东西两侧差异显著:东侧物质明显富集REE,尤其轻稀土元素（LREE）,Eu元素则明显缺失,指示了受鸭绿江的显著控制;长山列岛以西,REE除含量降低外,分布模式也变平缓。造影剂马根维显（Gd-DTPA）在磁共振成像（MRI）中的大量使用,可能是造成Gd明显富集的主要原因。此外,辽南沿岸物质的来源及分布与以往认识存在差异,以往认为辽南沿岸泥质沉积为鸭绿江为主的辽东半岛河流的远端泥沉积,而本文的研究发现:辽东半岛东侧长山列岛至大连湾外海域以黄河来源物质为主,鸭绿江物质对北黄海西部泥质区的贡献在西侧大于东侧,其中陆架环流对物质输运发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲关键种泥螺Bullacta exarata对沉积物-水体界面溶解氧和营养盐通量的影响     

李宝泉  Bouma Tjeerd J.  王全超  Soissons Laura M.  Cozzoli Francesco  冯光海  李晓静  周政权  陈琳琳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):48-55

泥螺自2001因养殖目的引入黄河三角洲以来,随着分布范围的扩大和种群数量的增长,已成为当地潮间带的关键种。泥螺给当地民众带来较高收入,但其对底栖生态系统的潜在影响还不清楚。为了明确该种群的生物扰动对底栖微藻和微生物的初级生产,以及对水体-沉积物界面营养盐交换的影响,开展了该项实验。结果表明,在光照条件下,泥螺能显著影响沉积物-水体界面的溶解氧DO通量;在黑暗及无生物处理组的恢复期,泥螺能显著增加两界面间氨氮的通量。底栖微藻和小型生物在黑暗条件下也能增加氨氮的通量;但在有光照条件下,上述微藻和小型底栖动物对沉积物-水体界面间溶解氧和氨氮通量的影响不明显。实验结果为更深入理解泥螺对生态系统的影响提供重要理论支持。  相似文献   

深海富REY泥中稀土元素赋存载体及其富集机制研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨娅敏  曾志刚  殷学博  荣坤波  舒云超 《海洋科学》2019,43(8):93-107

综合前人发表的关于太平洋、大西洋以及印度洋等深海沉积物中稀土元素含量的数据,本文较为系统地阐述了全球深海富REY泥(REY-rich mud)的分布,分析了不同沉积环境下富REY泥中稀土元素的赋存载体及其控制因素,并进一步探讨了赋存载体中稀土元素的富集机制。研究发现深海富REY泥主要分布在太平洋和印度洋的深海盆地中,其中西北太平洋南鸟岛附近海域沉积物中稀土元素最为富集,是较为有利的稀土资源勘探潜力区。邻近热液区,深海沉积物中稀土元素含量受热液活动影响较大,稀土元素的主要赋存相是Fe-Mn水合(氢)氧化物,可能是热液流体扩散过程中,颗粒物中的Fe-Mn水合(氢)氧化物等吸附(scavenge)海水中的稀土元素所致。而在远离热液区的正常深海富REY泥中,高磷含量以及低沉积速率是导致其稀土含量相对较高的主要因素,赋存载体主要是生物成因磷灰石(鱼牙骨碎屑)。在磷灰石早期成岩阶段,海水和孔隙水中的REY进入磷灰石,在羟基磷灰石晶格中REE~(3+)与磷灰石中的Ca~(2+)发生类质同象替代:REE~(3+)+Na~+?2Ca~(2+)和REE~(3+)+Si~(4+)?Ca~(2+)+P~(5+),使其不断地富集稀土元素,但这还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

拟合法改正南极泄露误差最佳外扩边界的确定及其应用     

邱春洪  范东明  谷延超  赵鸿彬  宿春鹏  尹恒 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1127-1131

以GRACE CSR Mascon为模拟数据,讨论边界外扩及外扩范围内海洋信号对拟合法改正南极泄露误差的影响。实验表明,仅考虑南极信号泄露时,拟合边界至少为南极海岸线外扩300 km;当考虑外扩范围内的海洋信号对南极质量变化及其空间分布的影响时,最佳拟合边界为海岸线外扩100 km。采用最佳外扩边界线利用拟合法估算的CSR RL05时变重力场模型的南极质量变化速率为-178.61 Gt/a,其质量变化空间分布与Mascon模型一致性较好。  相似文献