钢筋混凝土框架结构震后功能恢复能力的量化研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩建平  付志君 《世界地震工程》2018,34(1):017-23

震后功能恢复能力是指建筑物、社区或城市等遭受地震影响后实现功能恢复的能力。以一钢筋混凝土框架结构为对象,基于OpenSees有限元分析平台,对其进行增量动力分析,得到其对应于不同损伤状态的地震易损性曲线。进而基于单体建筑损失评估理论,评估该结构在不同强度水准地震动作用下的地震损失,包括直接经济损失和间接经济损失等。在此基础上,分别利用直线型、指数型以及三角函数型功能恢复模型,在不同强度水准地震动作用下,分别计算该结构的震后功能恢复能力。结果表明:随着地震动强度的增加,基于3种恢复模型计算得到的震后功能恢复能力都在下降,而且直线型和三角函数型恢复模型得到的恢复能力均比指数型的下降更快;在同一强度水准地震动作用下,基于指数型恢复模型计算得到的震后功能恢复能力均高于直线型和三角函数型恢复模型,即使在较强水准地震动作用下,根据指数型恢复模型得到的恢复能力依然较大。而在各个强度水准地震动作用下,基于直线型和三角函数型恢复模型得到的震后功能恢复能力非常接近。  相似文献   

Circulation and fine-sediment dynamics in the Amazon Macrotidal Mangrove Coast     

Carlos A.F. Schettini  Nils E. Asp  Andrea S. Ogston  Vando J.C. Gomes  Robin L. McLachlan  Marcus E.B. Fernandes  Charles A. Nittrouer  Eliane C. Truccolo  Danilo C.L. Gardunho 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(3):574-589

The Amazon Macrotidal Mangrove Coast (AMMC) is a large (~7500 km²) contiguous mangrove fringe eastwards from the Amazon River mouth. It encompasses dozens of interconnected bays intercalated with mangrove peninsulas. Mud accumulates on the mangrove flats, whereas the bed of the bays and channels is generally sandy. In this study we investigated the circulation, sediment transport and deposition in a central site at one of these mangrove peninsulas. The study was undertaken during the dry period, when there is no influence of the Amazon River plume and minimum local freshwater inflow. Current and suspended-sediment concentration were monitored in a feeder channel on the mangrove flat along a ~1000 m section oriented along the peninsula axis. Sediment deposition was also measured on the flat. Our results show there was a strong exchange between the neighboring bays. Channel currents were flood dominant, reaching up to >1 m s⁻¹, with residual water and sediment transport westwards. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the channel was directly related to velocity magnitude, ranging between 50 and 350 mg L⁻¹. The flat was flooded in a way that indicated the tidal wave evolves westwards, nearly parallel to the AMMC shoreline. Currents on the flats were much slower than those in the channel and showed slight ebb dominance. However, SSC was higher during the flood than ebb, clearly indicating settling during the current deceleration and limited erosion during the following ebb–flow acceleration. The net sediment transport across the section was 60 tons westwards for the period of the experiment (~4 days). The mean deposition rate was 0.006 kg m⁻² s⁻¹ (or 1.4 kg m⁻² per tide), which was higher than rates from other reported assessments in mangroves. The set of results indicate very large internal sediment reworking in the AMMC. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Wave direction shift triggered severe erosion of beaches in estuaries and bays with limited post-storm recovery     

Shari L. Gallop  Ana Vila-Concejo  Thomas E. Fellowes  Mitchell D. Harley  Maryam Rahbani  John L. Largier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(15):3854-3868

Many estuaries contain sandy beaches that provide habitats and offer protective buffers for wetlands and infrastructure, alongside cultural and recreational resources. Research underpinning coastal management tends to focus on tide- and swell-dominated sandy beaches, but little attention is given to beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs) that exist along a continuum of wind/swell wave, tide and riverine influence. BEBs are subject to less wave energy than open coast locations because of the generally narrow window of directions for which ocean waves can propagate through the entrance. However, when storm wave direction coincides with the orientation of the estuary or bay entrance, waves can penetrate several kilometres inside. Here we focus on eight BEBs in two major bays/estuaries in Sydney, Australia and present observations from before and after a major extratropical storm with waves from an atypical direction in June 2016. We quantify magnitudes of beach erosion and recovery rates for 3 years post-storm. We show that when high-energy storm waves penetrate bays and estuaries, BEBs can undergo up to 100% of subaerial beach erosion. Three years after the storm, only 5 of the 29 (17%) eroded subaerial beach profiles had recovered to their pre-storm volume. This is likely due to the lack of low-frequency, beach-building waves at BEBs under modal weather conditions in between storms, in contrast to open coast beaches. We also show that the recovery of BEBs may be limited by the absence of adjacent sediment reservoirs due to the dominance of tidal processes mid-channel. Our study highlights the unique behaviour of BEBs relative to beaches on the open coast, and that shifting wave direction needs to be considered in long-term beach resilience under climate change. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同制样方法对木质素改良黄土力学特性影响          下载免费PDF全文

钟秀梅  刘伟  刘钊钊 《世界地震工程》2020,(1):197-204

利用加水湿拌和泥浆搅拌2种方法对木质素改良黄土试样先进行均匀混合,后利用静压法在50mm×100mm圆柱形模具中两端压实制备试样,基于三轴仪对不同制样方法下改良土试样进行无侧限抗压强度试验和固结不排水三轴试验。试验结果表明:泥浆制样法获得改良土试样无侧限抗压强度值和固结不排水剪切强度值均高于加水湿拌法获得改良土试样强度值。结合扫描电镜试验对不同制样方法下改良土试样细观结构进行分析,发现对于木质素改良土,泥浆搅拌法获得的试样中木质素与黄土颗粒形成了新的胶结物和团聚物;而加水湿拌法获得试样中,木质素在土颗粒中仅起到加筋作用,未出现新的胶结物。该结果从微结构角度揭示了2种制样法制备试样的本质差异。  相似文献   

地震监测气氡仪响应能力实验     

黄仁桂  赵影  肖健  任宏微  程德庆  李宗兴 《华北地震科学》2019,37(3):31-37

对地震氡观测台网“十五”设备SD-3A测氡仪和新入台网的BG2015-R测氡仪进行了氡值响应能力和断电恢复实验,结果表明:当被检测氡仪输入低、高氡浓度气体样本时,达到目标浓度60%和90%的响应时间在10分钟和60分钟以内;当被检测氡仪处于高浓度时,输入空气样本,高浓度降低60%和90%的响应时间在20分钟和120分钟以内;断电对测氡仪日常监测应该没有影响。实验结果对建立地震观测需要的测氡仪性能检测指标具有很好的参考价值。  相似文献   

地震监测数据容灾备份程序设计与实现     

穆慧敏  胡玉良  王鹏伟  王军 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(2):146-149

为做好地震监测数据容灾备份,以山西地球物理台网为例,搭建NFS服务器,基于oracle rman技术,通过编写shell脚本程序,实现oracle数据库自动定时远程备份,确保在oracle数据库出现故障时能及时恢复,避免数据丢失。通过在山西地球物理台网进行试用,达到预期效果。  相似文献   

Microalgal Cultivation Using Animal Production Exhaust Air: Technical and Economic Feasibility     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(4)

  相似文献   

The dynamics of Chaoborus americanus in an Adirondack lake following the reintroduction of fish     

《Limnologica》2017

Acid deposition during the 20th century led to the gradual elimination of fish in Brooktrout Lake (Adirondack Mountains, New York State). Thereafter, the lake was colonized by Chaoborus americanus, a dipteran with an aquatic larval stage that typically resides in the pelagic zone in fishless lakes. During subsequent chemical recovery from acidification, the lake was stocked with Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). For seven years following this reintroduction we examined the re-adaptation of the food chain. The C. americanus abundance and distribution was quantified utilizing a combination of hydroacoustics, traditional vertical net tows and Schindler-Patalas trap collections. Hydroacoustic backscattering signals were repeatable and correlated (r = 0.86, p = 0.003) with C. americanus abundance. Backscattering, depth, month and year were used to develop a random forest model that predicted the C. americanus density (r² = 0.67,  p< 0.05). The hydroacoustic signal revealed a clear but limited diurnal vertical migration of C. americanus. The signal continued in the presence of the fish population beginning with reintroduction in 2005 and extending through 2011. In 2012, the hydroacoustic signal no longer was present in the lake, suggesting that the fish had eliminated the C. americanus population, which was verified with net tows. Using novel and traditional survey methods, we demonstrate that the reintroduction of fish can alter the lake community structure significantly through the extirpation of the major component of the pelagic zone.  相似文献   

三维测量光流恢复算法结合BIM对震后建筑倾斜度测量的研究          下载免费PDF全文

谷伟  董婧蒙 《地震工程学报》2019,41(4):1086-1091

震后危险建筑倾斜度的移动测量过程较为复杂,常规测量方法会存在对称偏差。为了提高震后危险建筑倾斜度测量的准确性,设计三维测量光流恢复算法结合BIM的震后建筑倾斜度测量方法。采用BIM技术采集并整合全部建筑倾斜度信息,构建危险建筑信息模型;采用三维测量光流恢复算法获取所构建建筑信息模型内多个目标特征点,设计震后危险建筑倾斜度的三维测量模型。仿真实验说明,所提方法测量震后危险建筑三维坐标值误差率均小于0.4%,平均评估时间仅为2.5 s,说明该方法可提高建筑倾斜度评估效果。  相似文献   

Fish protein recovered using ph shifting method and its physicochemical properties     

Choi  J. Yeung Kim  Jinx-Soo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):224-228

The solubility of meat protein of croaker and jack mackerel was significantly affected by pH shifting. The protein yield of alkali-aided processing is higher than those of conventional and acid-aided processing. The addition of sarcoplasmic protein increases the breaking force and deformation value. The breaking force of recovered protein gel from alkali-aided processing is decreased by the addition of NaCI. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） revealed that fish protein of alkali is similar to that at pH7.0. Alkali-aided processing for recovering fish protein is a valuable method for increasing the utilization of frozen and pelagic fishes and for making kamaboko products.  相似文献