印度洋岸边某电站工程的岩土工程问题初探     

李忠明  李朝阳  刘红卫 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(6):320-323

从海岸地带的地理地质环境入手,针对燃煤电站工程的特点,就工程建设中的几个主要岩土工程问题,分析探讨了其成因、特点和对工程建设的制约与影响程度．提出了解决这些问题的对策和建议。  相似文献   

高地震区公路隧道地震动力响应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱长安  高波  索然绪 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(5):232-235

基于土一结构相互作用理论,对高地震区一实际重大工程的公路隧道洞口段结构进行了抗震计算,得到了衬砌结构各控制点的位移、加速度及内力响应规律。结果表明：在人工合成地震波条件下,衬砌墙脚、拱腰为抗震薄弱位置;结构的加速度波形与输入波形相似;这些结果为抗震设计提供了一些依据。  相似文献   

纪伊半岛地区植被净初级生产力的遥感应用研究     

岑奕  张良培  村松加奈子 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(12):1221-1224

在高光谱数据模式分解方法(PDM)的基础上,建立了一种新的植被指数(VIPD)。根据地面植被光合成实验,建立了有效光合成曲线植被净初级生产力(NPP)遥感估算模型,利用2001年各月份的MODIS影像数据,估算得到纪伊半岛地区的各类NPP。研究发现,该地区的温带常绿林NPP年均值与2001年IPCC调查报告和地面实测得到的估算值在误差范围内一致。实验证明,该光合成曲线NPP估算模型能够有效地利用高光谱数据,且能较好地应用于温带植被研究。  相似文献   

追忆李四光对防震减灾的贡献,以系统整体观指导防震应急   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高庆华  杜建军  周显强 《地球学报》2008,29(3):385-391

笔者在追忆李四光地震科学和防震减灾指导思想的基础上,提出了以系统整体观指导防震应急的新论点,包括:运用地壳运动整体观研究地震规律;应用地震预测整体观进行地震预测;划分活动性构造体系,研究构造活动性;加强综合监测,研究各种地震前兆和相关的自然变异的发展趋势;圈定地震风险区,制定防震应急预案等.并结合中国的实际情况进行了论述.  相似文献   

Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

D. Shu   《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):219

Excluding the sponges the Kingdom Animalia is usually divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The Cambrian Explosion consists of three major episodes, two of which were in the early Early Cambrian (one represented by the small skeletal fossils “SSFs” at the base of the Cambrian and the other represented by the succeeding Chengjiang faunas “CFs”), and the other episode as their prelude took place in the “Eocambrian” (i.e. the latest Precambrian), represented by the Ediacaran faunas. This unique Big Bang of life has been recognized as giving birth to the entire morphological Tree Of Animals (or metazoans), in short the TOA. Its “seed” in the deep Precambrian, represented by some sort of protist from which the complete TOA must have grown, remains unknown paleontologically. However, the fossil evidence suggests that the three major episodes of the Cambrian Explosion are responsible for the earliest radiations of the three subkingdoms of animals respectively. While the observed Ediacaran fauna might constitute only a small part of the whole Ediacaran biota, our evidence supports that it was dominated by diploblasts (the “trunk” of the TOA) with only a few possible stem-group triploblasts. The Early Cambrian in turn in two phases explosively yielded almost all the major triploblastic crown-branches (Bilateria: the huge “crown” of the TOA), which include the other two subkingdoms: first the extremely diverse protostomes in the Meishucunian Age and then followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes from the Chengjiang, including even its most derived member – the earliest true vertebrates. Among the four most significant milestones of morphological origins and radiations in animal history, the first one (i.e. appearance of metazoans) took place in the Ediacaran Period or earlier times, and the other three can be seen in the windows available from the Chengjiang and the Meishucunian fossil assemblages. The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia, which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division, most probably represents one of the roots of the deuterostome subkingdom. Showing a mosaic of basic features possessed in both the bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms, the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of the roots of the extant pentamerous echinoderms. Standing on the “top” of the deuterostome super-branch in the early Cambrian TOA are the “the first fish” Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, which bear paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae. These animals represent the real root of the remainder of the vertebrates or craniates. On the contrary, yunnanozoans, including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella, possess neither eyes nor unequivocal vertebrae, and may have nothing to do with the craniates, let alone the vertebrates. Those enigmatic creatures share a similar body-plan with vetulicolians and should be treated as a side-branch within the lower deuterostomes.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources     

Yirang Yuan  Yuji Han 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(2):153-162

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.  相似文献   

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷留西地区古近系沙河街组沙三上亚段沉积相与隐蔽油藏   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张大智  纪友亮  韩春元  初丽兰 《古地理学报》2008,10(6):571-582

通过岩心观察和单井相分析,结合沉积背景资料,认为留西地区古近系沙河街组沙三上亚段发育辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相,以辫状河三角洲前缘亚相和滨浅湖亚相为主,主要发育辫状分流河道、越岸沉积、水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相。根据层序地层学基本原理,结合前人研究成果,认为本区沙三上亚段为一完整的三级层序,可划分为低位、湖侵和高位3个体系域,分别对应于沙三上亚段沉积时期的早期、中期和晚期,绘制了每个沉积阶段的沉积相图,在此基础上研究了沉积体系的平面展布特征。沙三上亚段沉积时期形成的北高南低的构造背景与辫状河三角洲近东西向展布的砂体形态相互配置,加之良好的油源供给,为后期成藏创造了条件。沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道与河口坝砂体是主要的储集体,与沉积中期发育的烃源岩形成了十分有利的生储盖组合,具有优越的隐蔽油藏发育条件。总结了该区隐蔽油藏成藏的4种模式,确定留西地区中南部沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是下一步隐蔽油藏勘探的有利目标。  相似文献   

河流活性物质入海通量:概念与方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周国华  孙彬彬  刘占元  魏华玲  曾道明 《地质通报》2008,27(2):182-187

河流水体中呈溶解态和悬浮物结合态的元素活动性强,具有生态环境意义,查明其入海通量是当前生态地球化学评价的重要任务。通过总结前人的相关研究成果,确定了影响河流水体悬浮物的浓度及其矿物、化学组成的主要因素。从沿海经济带区域生态地球化学评价的实际需要出发,拟定了开展中国主要入海河流水溶态和悬浮物结合态元素入海通量调查的基本框架。  相似文献   

哀牢山成矿带南段金成矿规律及找矿方向探讨     

郭晓东  邹依林  张勇  张玉杰 《地质与资源》2008,17(4):264-272

哀牢山成矿带是西南地区最有利金矿带.该带金矿成矿与断裂构造、喜马拉雅期岩浆活动关系密切.矿带空间展布及矿体定位严格受构造控制.在分析区域成矿特征、控矿因素基础上,结合各种综合信息开展成矿预测,圈定了4个金找矿远景区,进一步指出2个A级远景区找矿类型、找矿标志及找矿的重点地区.  相似文献   

黄土高原西南部陇县—千阳一带崩塌、滑坡地质灾害的遥感影像特征及其分布规律     

徐刚郑达兴  李述靖 《地质通报》2008,27(11):1837-1845

渭北高原西段新构造活动强烈,崩塌、滑坡地质灾害频繁发生。通过1：5万专题遥感解译和重点地质调查,全区遥感解译崩塌、滑坡地质灾害点共计611处,其中大型滑坡17处、中型滑坡194处、小型滑坡385处,小型崩塌15处。结合区域地理、地质环境特征,将区内大、中型滑坡地质灾害点划分为5个集中分布区、6个集中分布带。区内崩塌、滑坡地质灾害主要受地形地貌、新构造与岩性条件的控制,以地质灾害点集中分布区、带为基础,参考重点地质灾害点的影响范围及人类活动的状况,将千阳县城关镇—崔家头镇、陇县杜阳镇—千阳县草碧镇、陇县峡口河—杨河沟地区列为地质灾害防治监测重点地区。  相似文献