Deterministic ground motion simulations with shallow crust nonlinearity at Garner Valley in Southern California     

Elnaz Seylabi  Doriam Restrepo  Ricardo Taborda  Domniki Asimaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):43-59

We present deterministic ground motion simulations that account for the cyclic multiaxial response of sediments in the shallow crust. We use the Garner Valley in Southern California as a test case. The multiaxial constitutive model is based on the bounding surface plasticity theory in terms of total stress and is implemented in a high‐performance computing finite‐element parallel code. A major advantage of this model is the small number of free parameters that need to be calibrated given a shear modulus reduction curve and the ultimate soil strength. This, in turn, makes the model suitable for regional‐scale simulations, where geotechnical data in the shallow crust are scarce. In this paper, we first describe a series of numerical experiments designed to verify the model implementation. This is followed by a series of idealized large‐scale simulations in a 35 26 4.5 km domain that encompasses the Garner Valley downhole array site, which is an instrumented and well‐characterized site in Southern California. Material properties were extracted from the Southern California Earthquake Center Community velocity model, CVM‐S4.26, considering its optional geotechnical layer, while the modulus reduction curves and soil strength were selected empirically to constrain the nonlinear soil model parameters. Our nonlinear simulations suggest that peak ground displacements within the valley increase relative to the linear case, while peak ground accelerations can increase or decrease, depending on the frequency content of the excitation. The comparisons of our simulations against hybrid three‐dimensional–one‐dimensional site response analyses suggest the inadequacy of the latter to capture the complexity of fully three‐dimensional simulations.  相似文献   

A computational workflow for rupture‐to‐structural‐response simulation and its application to Istanbul     

Wenyang Zhang  Doriam Restrepo  Jorge G.F. Crempien  Bulent Erkmen  Ricardo Taborda  Asli Kurtulus  Ertugrul Taciroglu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):177-196

Scenario‐based earthquake simulations at regional scales hold the promise in advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in seismic risk assessment studies. In this study, a computational workflow is presented that combines (i) a broadband Green's function‐based fault‐rupture and ground motion simulation—herein carried out using the “UCSB (University of California at Santa Barbara) method”, (ii) a three‐dimensional physics‐based regional‐scale wave propagation simulation that is resolved at  Hz, and (iii) a local soil‐foundation‐structure finite element analysis model. These models are interfaced with each other using the domain reduction method. The innermost local model—implemented in ABAQUS—is additionally enveloped with perfectly matched layer boundaries that absorb outbound waves scattered by the structures contained within it. The intermediate wave propagation simulation is carried out using Hercules , which is an explicit time‐stepping finite element code that is developed and licensed by the CMU‐QUAKE group. The devised workflow is applied to a  km region on the European side of Istanbul, which was modeled using detailed soil stratigraphy data and realistic fault rupture properties, which are available from prior microzonation surveys and earthquake scenario studies. The innermost local model comprises a chevron‐braced steel frame building supported by a shallow foundation slab, which, in turn, rests atop a three‐dimensional soil domain. To demonstrate the utility of the workflow, results obtained using various simplified soil‐structure interaction analysis techniques are compared with those from the detailed direct model. While the aforementioned demonstration has a limited scope, the devised workflow can be used in a multitude of ways, for example, to examine the effects of shallow‐layer soil nonlinearities and surface topography, to devise site‐ and structure‐specific seismic fragilities, and for calibrating regional loss models, to name a few.  相似文献   

水资源承载力评价方法初探以及在“以水四定”中的运用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

宋志  乐琪浪  陈绪钰  杨楠  黄天驹 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(1):106-111

在水资源趋紧和水需求增长的背景下,水成为经济发展的约束资源,亟待“以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定产”,把水资源作为最大的刚性约束,推动用水方式由粗放向节约集约转变。为将“以水四定”与农业、生活、工业、城镇发展相对应,本文将“地、人、产、城”分别定义为耕地面积、人口规模、工业增加值总量、城镇建设用地面积。在此基础上,初步探索了水资源承载评价方法,引入了“综合定额”的概念,力求揭示耕地与主要农作物、工业与耗水行业的内在联系与计算规则。通过全国31个省区市的评价结果显示,浪费情景处于超载,节约情景有较大盈余,倒逼节水行动。在水资源承载最大规模下,全国仍有超载区,耕地超载呈中部“塌陷”,人口超载呈环状“倒塌”,工业超载呈区域性“沦陷”,城镇用地超载呈沿海少点“亏空”,该区域需要从水资源总量、结构、效率等方面提升承载规模。  相似文献   

定点地形变仪的标定问题     

朱虎 《地震地磁观测与研究》1993,14(1):33-40

地形变仪器常用的标定方法可分两类:一类是间接标定法,它通过测定仪器的某几个参数而计算出仪器的格值,由于换算环节多,容易引进系统误差;另一类是直接标定法,它通过给出的一个已知物理量与仪器的输出信号对比来标定仪器的格值,此种方法精确度高,重复性强。大多数地形变仪可以用直接法标定,本文还介绍了用直接法对水平摆倾斜仪和浮子水管倾斜仪的标定。  相似文献   

砂土液化的尺度与概率     

刘颖  李大华 《地震研究》1993,16(2):193-198

本文以液化安全间距及安全系数为随机变量进行了可靠性分析,给出了衡量砂土液化严重程度的尺度及相应的液化概率,并提出了对砂土液化严重程度进行分级的建议。  相似文献   

A new exploration tool: Quantitative core characterization     

Carl H. Sondergeld  Chandra S. Rai 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):249-268

We will describe a new laboratory system which was designed to be highly automated and portable while maintaining quality. Driving this design was the recognition of the temporal dependence of physical properties. It becomes apparent that some sedimentary rocks, particularly shales, degrade and disaggregare so completely that mechanical or elastic properties cannot be measured. This temporal dependence displays a time scale much shorter than normal weathering but greater than the time for stress relief. A system was designed to permit field characterization of freshly recovered core material. A benefit of automation and portability is a marked increase in measurement efficiency. The attributes of this system permit rapid characterization of a large number of fresh cores in remote, frontier exploration areas. This feature can significantly reduce prospect evaluation time. Statistically significant rock property databases can be created in a short period of time.  相似文献   

Scale Dependencies of Vegetation and Topography in a Mountainous Environment of Montana   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Ling Bian  Stephen J. Walsh 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(1):1-11

This research examines the effects of spatial scale on estimating the relationship between vegetation biomass and topography within a portion of Glacier National Park, Montana. The Reflectance/Absorptance vegetation index, developed from processed Landsat Thematic Mapper digital data, is related to three topographic variables obtained through processed Digital Elevation Models: elevation, slope angle, and slope aspect. R² values between the vegetation index and the topographic variables are obtained from regression analyses at a series of aggregated spatial scales. The effective range of spatial scales within which the two sets of variables are spatially dependent and the degree of the spatial dependencies are characterized through semivariance and fractal analyses.  相似文献   

Highly Localized Vernacular Regionalization in the Allentown-Bethlehem Area,PA-NJ*     

Douglas E. Heath 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(3):251-263

Yi-Fu Tuan's cognitive theory of the construction of place suggests the need for a higher level of resolution in research on American local vernacular regions. A survey-based case study of the Allentown-Bethlehem area demonstrates that municipal data can substantially refine an existing county-based delimitation by revealing previously undocumented regions and subregions, areas with mixed regional identity, and areas lacking regional identity. The resulting delimitations of subcounty vernacular regions are sufficiently precise to disclose a striking correspondence with area school districts.  相似文献   

Band-limited heterogeneous fractal structure of earthquakes and acoustic-emission events     

Xinglin Lei  Osamu Nishizawa  Kinichiro Kusunose 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(1):79-84

  相似文献   

安徽庐江龙桥铁矿含矿地层的古地磁学研究          下载免费PDF全文

阎桂林  魏燕平 《地球科学》1994,19(5):695-700

通过对安徽庐江龙桥铁矿ＺＫ１００４孔（深６１７ｍ）１３２个古地磁标本的研究，认为该矿区赋矿地层的时代应属晚侏罗世（１３６－１４７Ｍａ）；其上覆火山岩地层应旭属下白垩统；将龙门院组、砖桥组划归下白垩统较为合理。  相似文献