福建东部近海生物中稀土元素的生态化学特征     

沈国春 《福建地质》2010,29(1):59-63

在福建东部海域16个海湾采集了近海生物鱼、虾、贝壳、藻4大类26小类128个样品,用ICP-MS法测定15种稀土元素的含量,结果表明,轻、重稀土元素存在较大的分镏作用,明显富集轻稀土元素,即轻稀土元素的生物学效应更为明显,鱼类等近海生物稀土元素配分模式总体上与海水和世界页岩稀土元素配分模式接近。稀土元素沿福建东部海域食物链的迁移传递没有表现出明显的生物放大作用。  相似文献   

世界石炭纪生物礁发育基本特征     

巩恩普  张永利  关长庆  常洪伦 《古地理学报》2010,12(2):127-139

石炭纪生物礁在晚古生代礁体演化序列中处于特殊地位。石炭纪是生物礁地史演化过程中一个非常关键的时期,发育的生物礁类型有:(1)叶状藻礁丘;(2)叠层石礁丘;(3)珊瑚礁;(4)Waulsortian灰泥丘;(5)Chaetetes礁丘;(6)钙质微生物—藻礁丘。石炭纪生物礁总体上表现为礁相结构、造礁群落组成及礁体建造阶段的造礁作用相对比较简单,这些都体现出生物礁在石炭纪的发展受到生物灭绝事件的影响。在以藻礁占主导地位的宾夕法尼亚亚纪,中国后生动物骨架礁发育,尤其是发育有Fomitchevella大型珊瑚礁,成为世界石炭纪生物礁的一个亮点。从石炭纪整个生物礁的发展情况来看,后生动物骨架礁与以微生物和钙藻为主导的生物礁或许是两个平行发展的礁系统,后生动物骨架礁的发展在大规模生物灭绝事件之后有明显的演化滞后现象,以钙藻和微生物为主导的造礁群落的复苏在生物灭绝事件之后更为迅速。从石炭纪生物礁古地理分布来看,石炭纪生物礁基本上分布在南北纬30°之间的区域,因此,它们代表了在相对温暖的气候条件下生长的礁体,与现代珊瑚礁的分布相近似。  相似文献   

Occurrence and microscopic analyses of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from coastal sediments in the Yellow Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

�ܿ�  �˺���  ��ʥ�  ������  Ф��  ������ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(2):246-251

Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes(MMPs) are a group of aggregates composed of 7-45 gram-negative cells synthesizing intracellular magnetic crystals.Although they are thought to be globally distributed,MMPs have been observed only in marine environments in America and Europe.Most MMPs share a rosette-like morphology and biomineralize iron sulfide crystals.In the present study,abundant MMPs were observed,with a density of 26 ind./cm3,in the sediments of a coastal lagoon,Lake Yuehu,in the Yellow Sea.Optical microscopy showed that all of them were rosette shaped with a diameter of 5.5±0.8 mm.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these MMPs were composed of 10-16 ovoid cells and flagellated peritrichously.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that they biomineralized bullet-shaped magnetite crystals in highly organized parallel chains within which the magnetosomes were oriented in the same direction.This is the first report of MMPs from Asia and demonstrates the ubiquitous distribution of MMPs.  相似文献   

咸化水体中DIC的同位素组成及环境过程分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王中良  李军  刘丛强  朱兆洲  李勇 《地球化学》2011,(6):552-558

系统采集了天津地区地表水样品,对其溶解无机碳的稳定碳同位素比值(δ13CDIC)及相关化学组成进行了全面测定,以期对咸化并且受到污染水体中的溶解无机碳的来源和迁移转化特征进行探讨.研究结果显示,天津地表水中溶解无机碳的δ13CDIC值主要分布于0.27‰～ -14.9‰之间,显示了相对较宽的分布范围.同时,天津地表水体...  相似文献   

Growth of Plankton (Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae) and Moina macracopa (Cladocera)) on Domestic Wastewater     

S. Nandini  Ricardo Alonso‐Soto  S. S. S. Sarma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(1):11-15

The population growth of the freshwater chlorophyte, Scenedesmus acutus and the cladoceran Moina macrocopa cultured in the laboratory and in microcosms of a wastewater treatment plant was studied. S. acutus was cultured in a defined algal medium and mixed with wastewater. On diets of S. acutus cultured using Bold medium or a mixture with wastewater, the peak densities of M. macrocopa were 6–7 ind. mL^?1, while on a diet of algae cultured on wastewater alone the cladoceran density fluctuated around 2 ind. mL^?1. Population growth rates of M. macrocopa, which ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 d^?1, were significantly lower on alga cultured in wastewater alone. The body size structure of M. macrocopa was larger on algae cultured in Bold medium than in wastewater. Peak densities of M. macrocopa were around 700 ind. L^?1 when the organic matter in the containers was supplemented with algae but it reached lower densities (400 ind. L^?1) when cultured on the organic matter in wastewater alone. Our study indicates that the nutrients in the final stages of wastewater treatment can support the growth of both phytoplankton and zooplankton.  相似文献   

湖南大龙洞流域不同岩性不同土地利用类型条件下碳酸盐岩试片的溶蚀速率   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王文娟  蓝芙宁  蒋忠诚  覃小群  劳文科 《中国岩溶》2013,32(1):29-33

选择湖南大龙洞流域寒武系中统熬溪组上段(∈2a3)白云岩、寒武系上统比条组下段(∈3b1)和奥陶系中统牯牛潭组(O2g)灰岩进行野外溶蚀试验,并测试林地和草地类型土壤剖面20cm、50cm深度土壤CO2浓度和有机质含量,以探讨林地、草地土地利用类型条件下试片溶蚀速率的差异特征。结果表明:(1)O2g、∈3b1和∈2a33种试片溶蚀速率在林地和草地土下20cm、50cm深度差异明显,∈3b1g灰岩林地土下20cm试片的溶蚀速率最大,达357.93mg/(m2?d);(2)试片溶蚀速率受岩性影响明显,CaO含量高,溶蚀速率大,O2g、∈3b1灰岩中CaO含量分别为35.38%、47.45%,较∈2a3白云岩的含量32.64%高,因而其溶蚀速率也较∈2a3的大;(3)埋放于林地土壤的试片其溶蚀速率大于草地,表明土地类型对溶蚀速率有较大的影响,植被从草地向林地的正向演替有利于岩溶作用的进行。   相似文献   

Rickettsia-like organism infection associated with mass mortalities of blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, in the Yueqing Bay in China     

ZHU Zewen  XU Ting  HE Zhongyang  WU Xinzhong  WU Liuji  MENG Qingguo  HUANG Jiaqing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):106-115

A series of mass mortalities of the cultured blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, occurred in the Yueqing Bay of China from 2005 to 2009. An obligate intracellular prokaryote, designated as rickettsia-like organism (RLO), was frequently found in the moribund or dead blood clam sample during ultrastructural examination. These organisms were usually round, ellipsoid or occasionally dumbbell-shaped, ranged from approximately 0.28 to 0.71 μm in size and had a trilaminar cell wall. Two reproductive modes of organisms, transverse binary fission and budding, were observed. The organisms were able to form eosinophilic inclusions. Most inclusions were found within epithelial and connective tissues of the mantle, gills and digestive tube. The biological and morphological characteristics indicate that these organisms may belong to the family Rickettsiaceae. RLOs exhibited significant pathogenicity. Cytopathological examinations revealed extensive necrosis and destruction in the infected cell. The degree of tissue destruction was positively related to the number of RLO inclusions in the tissues, and the cytopathological effects were positively related to the number of intracellular RLO. RLOs and their inclusions were discovered throughout different disease areas and in different time periods. The infection intensity of the RLOs was positively correlated with the mortality rate of clams. Therefore, RLO infection might be associated with mass mortalities of cultured blood clams in the Yueqing Bay.  相似文献   

经典地缘政治理论研究视角及其对发展中国新地缘政治理论的启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡志丁  骆华松  葛岳静 《热带地理》2014,34(2):184-190

纵观历史,任何一个国家的崛起都会给全球稳定和地缘格局带来影响。到目前为止,地缘政治学发展了4个经典的地缘政治理论,即国家有机体论、海权论、陆权论和边缘地带论。每一个理论的提出都是研究者根据自身所处国家现实、地缘格局和地理冲突而提出的。面对中国崛起、海外贸易激增、周边矛盾冲突不断,为了实现国家和平崛起,中国需要相应的地缘理论指导。通过对4个经典地缘政治理论文本的解读,文章首先归纳了经典地缘政治理论的2个视角,即空间视角和权力视角。其次结合英国、美国不同时间段地理冲突和国家实力的变化,从空间冲突和实力变迁2个方面对以上2个视角作历史佐证,并据此进一步以英国、美国和日本为例分析了经典地缘政治理论的缺陷,即理论上的合理性和实践上的不可行性。此外,经典地缘政治理论还存在现实和理论2个方面困境,现实困境是指任何理论都是特定历史背景产物,不能满足现实发展需求;理论困境是指经典地缘政治理论过于强调物质因素,忽视非物质因素。最后指出对发展中国新地缘政治理论的3点启示,并结合西方政治地理学新发展讨论中国政治地理学发展方向问题。  相似文献   

Re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theories in a critical geopolitical perspective   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhiding Hu  Dadao Lu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(12):1769-1784

Struggling for supremacy between great powers and the rise or fall and regime change of great powers are all subject to the Geopolitical Law. Geographers should keep in step with the times, accurately grasp the national interests, and seize the opportunity to contribute to the great rejuvenation of our nation. However, due to lack of criticism on the history and philosophy of geopolitics, we can neither accurately understand the geopolitical theory, nor effectively put the geopolitical theory into practice. This paper introduces the development of critical geopolitics, summarizes the three characteristics of critical geopolitics, and interprets the four classical geopolitical theories accordingly. In order to simplify the interpretation process, this paper firstly presents an analytical framework for interpretation of four classical geopolitical theories; secondly, focuses on interpretation of “The Geographical Pivot of History” put forward by Mackinder according to the analytical framework; finally, critically summarizes the four classical geopolitical theories. Through the critical interpretation, this paper draws a conclusion that there are the scientific, hypothetical and conceptual classical geopolitical theories. The construction of classical geopolitical theories is based on the international geopolitical structure, spatial distribution of national interests and inter-state spatial conflict, in order to show the identity of theoretical constructor, so as to reflect the historicality, sociality, situationality and geographical knowledge–power structure of geopolitical theories.  相似文献   

遵义黄家湾镍钼多金属矿成矿特征与成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

周洁  胡凯  毛建仁 《地质找矿论丛》2009,24(2):111-116

贵州遵义地区黄家湾镍钼多金属矿是寒武系底部的黑色页岩型矿床。黑色岩系中微量元素特征显示镍钼多金属矿层的Ni,Mo,Cd,V,Cu,Zn明显富集,而高场强元素Nb,Th,Hf,Zr,Ti亏损。稀土元素显示多金属矿层的艿（Eu）呈正异常,中稀土富集,重稀土亏损。结合镜下观察发现的有机质、红藻囊果与金属硫化物之间密切的共生关系和前人研究结果,分析了黑色岩系镍钼多金属矿的成因,认为镍、钼、铜、锌等金属元素的来源与热液有关,通过生物作用聚集并在缺氧的还原沉积环境下大量堆积,富集形成Ni—Mo金属硫化物矿床。  相似文献