Myrionecta rubra (Mesodinium rubrum) bloom initiation in the Columbia River estuary     

Lydie Herfort  Tawnya D. PetersonVictoria Campbell  Sheedra FutrellPeter Zuber 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

To better understand the development of the annually recurring late summer red water blooms of the phototrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra in the Columbia River estuary we examined its standing stocks and measured its growth rates both in the estuary main channels and in Baker Bay, a peripheral embayment situated near the river mouth. Data collected during two summers show a biphasic development of M. rubra blooms, with an initial phase when the protist was only detected in Baker Bay, followed by an established phase when red waters were observed throughout the lower estuary. Ilwaco harbor (Baker Bay’s seaward-end) is at least one of the locations where the bloom starts since M. rubra was detected there at concentrations >100s cell L⁻¹ before Chinook harbor (Baker Bay’s upriver-end) or the estuary main channels. In 2010, this initial phase lasted about 1.5 months, spanning the neap tide of early July to the beginning of the neap tide of mid-August. While high growth rates were measured in Ilwaco harbor during the initial phase (1.2–3.1 d⁻¹) and in the estuary main channels in both surface red (0.7 d⁻¹) and adjacent non-red (1.1 d⁻¹) waters during the established period, growth of the ciliate was not detected in Ilwaco harbor during this second phase. Growth rate data obtained during the established bloom phase also suggest that M. rubra cells in the estuary mostly divide during the daytime and that red water patches might experience self-shading.  相似文献   

低丘红壤区不同降雨类型对浅层地下水位动态变化的影响——以江西省余江县为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程训强  王明珠  唐家良  张斌 《山地学报》2011,29(1)

为研究低丘红壤区不同降雨类型对浅层地下水埋深的影响,在江西省余江县选择受自然因素影响较大的7口井进行分析。结果表明:影响浅层地下水水位变化的因素除了与降雨量、蒸发量、地表径流以及降雨过程中入渗土壤的雨水量外,还与降雨历时、降雨前期土壤的湿度等因素有关;据监测2 a的地下水位、降雨量等动态变化,从中选出三种降雨类型(Ⅰ降雨强度小且历时长,Ⅱ降雨强度大且历时短,Ⅲ干旱无雨时突然一场中雨),其中一场中雨就可以使Ⅰ的井水位剧烈变化,一场大雨可以使Ⅱ中的井水位明显抬升,偶尔一场大雨仅能湿润Ⅲ的土壤,对地下水位没有太多的影响;在浅层地下水位与降雨量、地表径流及进入土壤的雨水(RO)的相关性分析中,以降雨类型Ⅱ的相关系数的绝对值最大,且均呈极显著负相关,而降雨量与地表径流和RO呈极显著正相关。这表明在土壤周年盈水期且连续降雨时期,可对浅层地下水进行存储,以备在干旱少雨且作物需水时使用。  相似文献   

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

GUOPing XIEZhong-lei LIJun KANGChun-li LIUJian-hua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):179-185

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…  相似文献   

Directions of preferential flow in a hillslope soil, 1. Quasi‐steady flow     

Peter F. Germann  Michael Zimmermann 《水文研究》2005,19(4):887-899

Preferred infiltration is mainly perceived as vertically down whereas subsurface storm flow is thought to occur parallel to slopes. The transition from vertical to lateral flow in a layered hillslope soil is the focus of the contribution. Transient flow is assumed to move as a wetting front. Three time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) wave‐guides, each 0·15 m long, were mounted in the shape of a truncated tetrahedron with its peak pointing down. Each wave‐guide focuses the front velocity along its axis. The three front‐velocity vectors are decomposed into their x, y and z components, which are then assembled to the resultant velocity vector. The volume density flux of preferred flow is the product of the front velocity and the mobile water content. The latter is the amplitude of transient soil moisture measured with each wave‐guide. The resultant vector of the volume flux density is computed similarly to the velocity vector. The experimental approach allows for the rapid assessment of transient flows without relying on the variation of water potentials. The experiments indicate that the directions of the resultant vectors of velocity and volume flux density can be estimated if the moisture variations of the three TDR wave‐guides are strongly correlated during the passing of the wetting front. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The study on the effect of NO on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张正斌吴真真  刘春颖邢磊 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(4):413-420

1 INTRODUCTION As a recently recognized information molecule in campaign of the “Molecule of the Year” by Sci- ence magazine, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention from biologists and many other field scien- tists, for its very important physio…  相似文献   

Normal Reference Value of Red Blood Cell Count of Chinese Presenile Men and Geographical Factors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HE Jinwei GE Miao SU Huimin LIANG Wei CHEN Hongfei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):92-98

This paper aims at providing a scientific basis for unifying the normal reference value standards of red blood cell count of Chinese presenile men. The paper, using microscopical counting method, studies the relationship between the normal reference values of 38,061 samples of red blood cell count of presenile men and eight geographical factors in 297 units in China. It is found that the correlation of geographical factors and the normal reference value of red blood cell count of presenile men is quite significant (F=303.00, P=0.000). By using the method of stepwise regression analysis, one regression equation is inferred. It is concluded that if geographical data are obtained in a certain area, the normal reference value of red blood cell count of presenile men in this area can be reckoned by using the regression analysis. Furthermore, according to the geographical factors, China can be divided into eight regions: Northeast China Region, North China Region, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia Region, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River Region, Southeast China Region, Northwest China Region, Southwest China Region and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region.  相似文献   

Effects of Replacing Fishmeal with Animal By-products Meal Supplementation in Diets on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Mangrove Red Snapper   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Khalid Jamil Ghulam Abbas Rukhsana Akhtar LIN Hong LI Zhenxing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(3):292-298

A feeding trial was conducted for 75 d to evaluate the nutritive value of a mixture of animal by-products(MAB) as a possible protein source in diets for juvenile mangrove red snapper,Lutjanus argentimaculatus(mean initial body weight,30 g). Fish were fed one of five isonitrogenous diets(40% crude protein) replacing 0,25%(MAB25),50%(MAB50),75%(MAB75) and 100%(MAB100) of fish meal protein with similar percentages of MAB. The MAB consisted of 25% cow liver meal,20% leather meal,20% meat and bone meal,15% blood meal,10% APC(poultry feather meal),8% poultry manure dried,1.5% choline and 0.5% chromic oxide. After 75 d of feeding,fish fed with diets MAB50,MAB75 and MAB100 exhibited significantly lower growth per-formance than that of fish fed with control and MAB25 diets. The optimum level of MAB was estimated to be 23%. Replacement of fish meal by MAB23% showed the following performance:maximum weight gain,510%;SGR,2.39% and FCE,2.83%. The MAB substitution up to 75% of fish meal protein in diets did not show differences in apparent protein digestibility(83.6% for MAB25,79.2% for MAB50,78.7% for MAB75) compared with control(83.4%),whereas in MAB100 group digestibility(65.3%) was sig-nificantly lower than in other groups. The apparent phosphorus absorption of test diet groups was significantly higher(37.1% for MAB25,28.5% for MAB50,55.6% for MAB75 and 54.5% for MAB100) than that of control(11.2%). The levels of protein and ash in the whole body,carcass and viscera increased as MAB substitution in diets increased,whereas lipids and moisture remained con-sistent among all treatment groups. These results showed that approximately 23% of fish meal protein could be replaced by a mixture of animal by-products for juvenile snapper growing from 30 g to 167 g in 75 d without compromising growth performance and feed efficiency.  相似文献   

Hydrological response types for gypsiferous soils in a semi‐arid region during nine years of continuous record     

G. Desir 《水文研究》2002,16(13):2685-2700

A 9‐year rainfall, sediment yield and runoff generation record from four experimental plots has been studied. Plots are located in the central Ebro Basin over smooth hillslope developed over gypsum and marl Miocene deposits. The hydrological response of these areas is a function of soil properties, final infiltration capacity and permeability of soils and rainfall characteristics, such as intensity and amount. Results show that there are two types of hydrological response in these areas. First is Hortonian like, which takes place during wet periods and it is responsible for the main part of total sediment yield. Second is like saturation excess overland flow, and it appears after long period. The presence of either type is controlled by a double threshold, starting from when runoff is significant. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A constitutive model for granular materials with grain crushing and its application to a pyroclastic soil     

Manuela Cecconi  Antonio DeSimone  Claudio Tamagnini  Giulia M.B. Viggiani 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(15):1531-1560

A constitutive model for granular materials is developed within the framework of strain–hardening elastoplasticity, aiming at describing some of the macroscopic effects of the degradation processes associated with grain crushing. The central assumption of the paper is that, upon loading, the frictional properties of the material are modified as a consequence of the changes in grain size distribution. The effects of these irreversible microscopic processes are described macroscopically as accumulated plastic strain. Plastic strain drives the evolution of internal variables which model phenomenologically the changes of mechanical properties induced by grain crushing by controlling the geometry of the yield locus and the direction of plastic flow. An application of the model to Pozzolana Nera is presented. The stress–dilatancy relationship observed for this material is used as a guidance for the formulation of hardening laws. One of the salient features of the proposed model is its capability of reproducing the stress–dilatancy behaviour observed in Pozzolana Nera, for which the minimum value of dilatancy always follows the maximum stress ratio experienced by the material. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of Fe and Mn on the growth of a red tide dinoflagellateScrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeblch III   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qin Xiao-ming  Zhou Jing-zhong  Qian Pei-yuan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(2):173-180

Batch culture experiments were conducted with a red tide dinoflagellateScrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeblch III collected from Jiaozhou Bay, Shangdong, China. Growth rates and oellular Chl—a were measured in media with iron and manganese ion concentrations controlled at different levels using EdTA-trace metal buffer systems. Cell density increased 3.2 times to 6.5 times over the range of lowest (0 mol/L) to highest (10⁻⁵ mol/L) iron and manganese ion concentrations. The range of cell density response was much lower than the range of total available iron and manganese, which was >100—fold that of Fe. This nonlinear relationship indicates that the cells adapt to make more efficient use of iron and manganese under limiting conditions. The cellular Chl—a content maximized after 3 days incubation and then decreased gradually under either iron or manganese limitation conditions. It indicated that the algae gained higher photosynthesis ability when transferred to a new environment. Growth responses to iron and manganese limitation can be both modeled according to the equation of Monod. The half—saturation constant for growth,k, is 4.6×10⁻⁸ mol/L for Fe and 5.1×10⁻⁸ mol/L for Mn. Our results showed that the iron availability in Jiaozhou Bay does not limit the growth ofS. trochoidea. Contribution No. 2831 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 9389008 supported by NSFC; Study supported by PDB6.  相似文献