Multiphase Solid Inclusions in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks:A Snapshot of Partial Melting during Continental Collision     

GAO Xiaoying  ZHENG Yongfei  CHEN Yixiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):454-456

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On the hyperbolic nature of the equations of alluvial river hydraulics and the equivalence of stable and energy dissipating shocks     

D. D. L. Zanraea  D. J. Needham 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):193-222

Abstract

The depth-averaged hydraulic equations augmented with a suitable bed-load sediment transport function form a closed system which governs the one-dimensional flow in an alluvial river or channel. In this paper, it is shown that this system is hyperbolic and yields three families of shock-wave solutions. These are determined to be temporally stable in restricted regions of the (H, F ₀)-plane, via the Lax shock inequalities. Further, it is demonstrated that this criterion is equivalent to the energy dissipation criterion developed by Needham and Hey (1991).  相似文献   

Dehydration melting of ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen: evidence from multiphase solid inclusions in garnet     

X.‐Y. GAO  Y.‐F. ZHENG  Y.‐X. CHEN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(2):193-212

Several types of multiphase solid (MS) inclusions are identified in garnet from ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite in the Dabie orogen. The mineralogy of MS inclusions ranges from pure K‐feldspar to pure quartz, with predominance of intermediate types consisting of K‐feldspar + quartz ± silicate (plagioclase or epidote) ± barite. The typical MS inclusions are usually surrounded with radial cracks in the host garnet, similar to where garnet contains relict coesite. Barite aggregates display significant heterogeneity in major element composition, with total contents of only 57–73% and highly variable SiO₂ contents of 0.32–25.85% that are positively correlated with BaO and SO₃ contents. The occurrence of MS inclusions provides petrographic evidence for partial melting in the UHP metamorphic rock. The occurrence of barite aggregates with variably high SiO₂ contents suggests the coexistence of aqueous fluid with hydrous melt under HP eclogite facies conditions. Thus, local dehydration melting is inferred to take place inside the UHP metamorphic slice during continental collision. This is ascribed to phengite breakdown during ‘hot’ exhumation of the deeply subducted continental crust. As a consequence, the aqueous fluid is internally buffered in chemical composition and its local sink is a basic trigger to the partial melting during the continental subduction‐zone metamorphism.  相似文献   

Weak discontinuity in porous media: an enriched EFG method for fully coupled layered porous media     

M. Goudarzi  S. Mohammadi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(17):1792-1822

In this paper, a series of multimaterial benchmark problems in saturated and partially saturated two‐phase and three‐phase deforming porous media are addressed. To solve the process of fluid flow in partially saturated porous media, a fully coupled three‐phase formulation is developed on the basis of available experimental relations for updating saturation and permeabilities during the analysis. The well‐known element free Galerkin mesh‐free method is adopted. The partition of unity property of MLS shape functions allows for the field variables to be extrinsically enriched by appropriate functions that introduce existing discontinuities in the solution field. Enrichment of the main unknowns including solid displacement, water phase pressure, and gas phase pressure are accounted for, and a suitable enrichment strategy for different discontinuity types are discussed. In the case of weak discontinuity, the enrichment technique previously used by Krongauz and Belytschko [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng., 1998; 41:1215–1233] is selected. As these functions possess discontinuity in their first derivatives, they can be used for modeling material interfaces, generating only minor oscillations in derivative fields (strain and pressure gradients for multiphase porous media), as opposed to unenriched and constrained mesh‐free methods. Different problems of multimaterial poro‐elasticity including fully saturated, partially saturated one, and two‐phase flows under the assumption of fully coupled extended formulation of Biot are examined. As a further development, problems involved with both material interface and impermeable discontinuities, where no fluid exchange is permitted across the discontinuity, are considered and numerically discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Composite carbonate and silicate multiphase solid inclusions in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh‐P eclogite in the Dabie orogen     

X.‐Y. Gao  Y.‐F. Zheng  Y.‐X. Chen  Z. Hu 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(9):961-980

Composite multiphase solid (MS) inclusions composed of carbonate and silicate minerals have been found for the first time in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh‐P eclogite from the Dabie orogen. These inclusions are morphologically euhedral to subhedral, and some show relatively regular shapes approaching the negative crystal shape of the host garnet. Radial fractures often occur in garnet hosting the inclusions. The inclusions are primarily composed of variable proportions of carbonate and silicate minerals such as calcite, quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclase, with occasional occurrences of magnetite, zircon and barite. They are categorized into two groups based on the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases. Group I is carbonate‐dominated with variable proportions of silicate minerals, whereas Group II is silicate‐dominated with small proportions of carbonates. Trace element analysis by LA‐ICPMS for the two groups of MS inclusions yields remarkable differences. Group I inclusions exhibit remarkably lower REE contents than Group II inclusions, with significant LREE enrichment and large fractionation between LREE and HREE in the chondrite‐normalized REE diagram. In contrast, Group II inclusions show rather flat REE patterns with insignificant fractionation between LREE and HREE. In the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram, Group I inclusions exhibit positive anomalies of Zr and Hf, whereas Group II inclusions show negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. Nevertheless, both groups exhibit positive anomalies of Ba, U, Pb and Sr, but negative anomalies of Nb and Ta, resembling the composition of common continental crust. Group I inclusions have higher Ba and U contents than Group II inclusions. Combined with petrological observations, the two groups of MS inclusions are interpreted as having crystallized from composite silicate and carbonate melts during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. The differences in trace element composition between the two groups are primarily attributed to the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases in the MS inclusions. The silicate melts were derived from the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as paragonite and phengite, whereas the occurrence of carbonate melts indicates involvement of carbonate minerals in the partial melting and thus has great bearing on recycling of supracrustal carbon into the mantle. The coexistence of silicate and carbonate melts in the eclogitic garnet provides insights into the nature of hydrous melts in the subduction factory.  相似文献   

非饱和带轻非水相液体污染研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李永涛  王文科  王丽  王晓丹 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(3):326-330

通过对近年来轻非水相液体在非饱和带的污染机理、毛细压力-饱和度-相对渗透系数关系以及数学模拟的分析,总结了在三相流模拟过程中主要参数及物理过程的研究方法以及近年来研究非饱和带轻非水相液体污染的各种数学模型,论述了各种方法的优点和不足,提出需进一步研究解决滞后现象对油分布的影响;三相同时流动时气相对其他两相的影响;非等温条件下轻非水相液体进入包气带的污染迁移机理;开展原位实验研究复杂条件下的轻非水相液体污染迁移问题。  相似文献   

层析成像技术在多相流检测的应用研究     

曹常利  赵文仓  于新波  袁仲雪 《CT理论与应用研究》2009,18(2):58-65

在对各种层析成像技术的基本原理及优缺点进行分析的基础上,本文采用了一种新型多相流检测技术——电阻抗成像技术,并且提出了一种应用于EIT图像重建的新算法,该算法通过融合遗传算法和Landweber迭代算法的优点来提高算法的收敛速度和重构图像的质量。实验结果表明EIT系统是一种行之有效的多相流检测系统,所采用的算法兼备收敛稳定性好及收敛速度快等优点。  相似文献   

非饱和土广义有效应力原理   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

赵成刚  蔡国庆 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3232-3236

综述了非饱和土有效应力的沿革,并就非饱和土有效应力的研究和发展中存在的问题进行了讨论。基于多相孔隙介质理论推导得到的变形功的表达式,提出了非饱和土广义有效应力原理。该原理认为,由非饱和土中的单应力变量的有效应力或双应力变量理论很难唯一地确定非饱和土的变形和强度。广义有效应力原理实质上就是要综合考虑影响非饱和土变形和强度的三种广义应力以及与其对偶的广义变形,给出考虑因素更为全面、理论基础更为坚实的广义有效应力原理。它为非饱和土基本性质的研究和本构方程的建立奠定了坚实而科学的理论基础。  相似文献   

Trace element composition of continentally subducted slab‐derived melt: insight from multiphase solid inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen     

X.‐Y. Gao  Y.‐F. Zheng  Y.‐X. Chen  Z. Hu 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2013,31(4):453-468

The ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite in the Dabie orogen preserves petrological evidence for the existence of hydrous silicate melts that formed during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. This is indicated by occurrence of multiphase solid (MS) inclusions in garnet that primarily consist of K‐feldspar + quartz ± epidote/allanite. All the MS inclusions are euhedral to subhedral in morphology and surrounded with radial cracks in the host garnet. Their trace element compositions were analysed by two different approaches of laser sampling. The mass budget method was used to estimate the trace element abundances of MS inclusions from their mixtures with the host garnet. The results are compared with the direct sampling of MS inclusions, providing a first‐order approximation to the trace element composition of MS inclusions. The MS inclusions exhibit consistent enrichment of LILE, Sr and Pb, but depletion of HFSE in the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram. Such arc‐like patterns of trace element distribution are common for continental crustal rocks. The melts have variably high K, Rb and Sr abundances, suggesting that breakdown of phengite is a basic cause for partial melting of the UHP eclogite. These MS inclusions also exhibit consistently low HFSE and Y contents, suggesting partial melting of the eclogite in the stability fields of rutile and garnet. Consequently, the trace element composition of MS inclusions provides a proxy for that of hydrous silicate melts derived from dehydration melting of the UHP eclogite during continental collision.  相似文献   

Finite element simulations of the behavior of piled‐raft foundations using a multiphase model     

Emmanuel Bourgeois  Ghazi Hassen  Patrick de Buhan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(9):1122-1139

Finite element simulations of the behavior of a piled raft foundation have been carried out using a multiphase model conceived as an improved homogenization approach. According to this model, the ground reinforced by a group of piles is treated as a homogeneous continuous medium. In this approach, no specific interface elements are necessary to account for the mechanical interaction between the piles and the ground: this interaction is described by means of two scalar parameters, one stiffness parameter and one which can easily be derived from the maximum ground‐pile friction. The implementation of the model into a finite element code provides an efficient tool for the analysis of the influence of the pile number or length on the settlement and bearing capacity of a square piled raft foundation and of the way the total applied load is shared between the raft and the piles. Results are compared with a standard 3D finite element analysis. The comparison highlights the fact that the proposed approach remains to be improved to account for tip resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献