福建晚三叠世－中侏罗世地层划分     

梁诗经 《福建地质》1995,(2)

福建晚三叠世－中侏罗世地层以陆相盆地沉积为主，仅闽西南局部有海陆交互相沉积。地层分区大致以政和－大埔断裂为界，分为闽西地层小区和闽东地层小区。根据各盆地地层序列及岩石组合特征，岩石地层单位可划分为陆相沉积的大坑村组、文宾山组、焦坑组、梨山组及漳平组和以海陆交互相沉积的象牙群，包括下村组和藩坑组。其中大坑村组相当于年代地层单位的上三叠统卡尼－诺利阶，文宾山组、焦坑组相当于诺利阶上部－瑞替克阶，梨山组相当于下侏罗统赫塘－托尔阶，漳平组相当于中侏罗统巴柔－卡洛阶中下部，下村组相当于下侏罗统赫塘－辛涅缪尔阶，藩坑组相当于辛涅缪尔－托尔阶。此外，文中还论述了各门类生物群的组合特征及其分布范围。  相似文献   

台湾省地层多重划分对比研究     

Taiwan Strata Research Group 《福建地质》1995,14(3):155-202

台湾省地层多重划分对比研究福建省地矿局台湾省地层研究组（福建省地质矿产局，福州，３５０００３）地层学是地层领域中的基础学科。随着现代地层学和沉积学的发展，地质学家普遍认识到沉积地层叠复是在复杂的侧向堆积过程中形成的，且岩石地层单位具有普遍的穿时性。因...  相似文献   

Statistical regression applied to borehole strain measurements data analysis     

D. H. Zou 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(1):17-27

Summary In mining and geotechnical engineering, it is usually necessary to carry out field measurements in order to obtain information. Parameters are often measured indirectly and calculated based on certain relationships to the measured quantities. More often, the number of measurements taken is greater than the minimum required, in order to increase the reliability of results. However, some data points are less reliable than others for reasons such as measurement errors; a solution which best fits the measurement data is obtained accordingly. As a result, there is a residual or a difference between the individual quantities measured and those predicted from the best-fit solution. This brings about a question of how big a residual is acceptable for a solution to be reliable. It is also important to know whether the data point with the largest residual is the most erroneous, whether those data points with large residuals should be deleted and how many of them should be deleted. Standard deviation may provide a measure of the data divergence but it is questionable if this parameter can be used as a measure of the reliability of solution. In order to solve these problems, the author has done extensive study in this area, especially as part of geotechnical data analysis. In this paper, the statistical multiple regression method is introduced to analyse the measurement data. The method is applied to the analysis ofin situ stress measurement and can be easily adopted to analyse data from other field measurements and laboratory tests. An example is included which illustrates the analysis procedure and shows the advantages of the method.  相似文献   

A statistical cyclone intensity prediction (SCIP) model for the Bay of Bengal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. D. Kotal  S. K. Roy Bhowmik  P. K. Kundu  Ananda Das Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(2):157-168

A statistical model for predicting the intensity of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal has been proposed. The model is developed applying multiple linear regression technique. The model parameters are determined from the database of 62 cyclones that developed over the Bay of Bengal during the period 1981–2000. The parameters selected as predictors are: initial storm intensity, intensity changes during past 12 hours, storm motion speed, initial storm latitude position, vertical wind shear averaged along the storm track, vorticity at 850 hPa, Divergence at 200 hPa and sea surface temperature (SST). When the model is tested with the dependent samples of 62 cyclones, the forecast skill of the model for forecasts up to 72 hours is found to be reasonably good. The average absolute errors (AAE) are less than 10 knots for forecasts up to 36 hours and maximum forecast error of order 14 knots occurs at 60 hours and 72 hours. When the model is tested with the independent samples of 15 cyclones (during 2000 to 2007), the AAE is found to be less than 13 knots (ranging from 5.1 to 12.5 knots) for forecast up to 72 hours. The model is found to be superior to the empirical model proposed by Roy Bhowmik et al (2007) for the Bay of Bengal.  相似文献   

Flood hazard in Hunan province of China: an economic loss analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xin Huang  Hongzhuan Tan  Jia Zhou  Tubao Yang  Abuaku Benjamin  Shi Wu Wen  Shuoqi Li  Aizhong Liu  Xinhua Li  Shuidong Fen  Xinli Li 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(1):65-73

Natural and man-made disasters have been increasing and affecting millions of people throughout the world. Floods are the most common natural disasters affecting more people across the globe than all other natural or technological disasters and also are the most costly in terms of human hardship and economic loss. In order to explore the total economic loss, components of economic loss, and factors influencing economic loss during flooding, a retrospective study was carried out in year 2000 in areas that suffered floods in 1998 in Hunan province, China. A total of 10,722 families were investigated using a multistage sampling method. We found that the total economic loss to the 10,722 families investigated was US$ 8.925 million; translating into an average economic loss of US$ 832.45 per family and US$ 216.75 per person. Economic loss related to property loss, income loss, and increased medical cost accounted for 57.38%, 40.00%, and 2.62% of the total economic loss, respectively. Economic loss was significantly related to a family’s pre-flood income; duration of the flood; severity of flood; and type of flood. River floods yielded the highest economic loss and drainage problem floods yielded the lowest loss. We recommended that flood-related preventive measures should focus on the prevention of river floods and shortening the duration of floods with the view of significantly minimizing economic losses associated with floods.  相似文献   

广州市零售商业中心消费活动时变模式及其影响因素   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

傅辰昊  周素红  闫小培  柳林 《地理科学》2018,38(1):20-30

利用2016年在广州典型大型零售商业中心进行的客流量监测和居民消费行为问卷数据,分析基于客流时间变化的广州大型零售商业中心消费活动时变模式,构建多项Logistic回归模型,从消费者社会经济属性、消费活动特征和商业中心建成环境3方面探讨该时变模式的影响因素。结果显示：① 广州不同的大型零售商业中心内消费活动存在明显的时变特征差异,可分成稳定型、下午高峰型、傍晚高峰型和不规则波动型4类时变模式;② 这种时变模式受到消费者社会经济属性、消费活动特征和商业建成环境等变量的影响。其中,消费者社会经济属性和消费活动特征影响有限且影响差异较大,以稳定型为参照组,在广州居住时间、居住区位和家庭月收入等社会经济属性,以及消费结构、出行路径、交通方式和出行距离等消费活动特征能区分稳定型和下午高峰型商业中心,但只有在广州居住时间和出行距离、交通方式3个变量能显著地解释稳定型和傍晚高峰型商业中心的差异;建成环境是影响零售商业中心时变模式的首要因素,商业网点密度、用地混合度、公交与地铁站点密度、商业中心区位特征、到市中心距离等变量均对各个类型商业中心的形成作用显著。期望为城市零售商业中心的分类和评价提供一个新思路,为预测商业中心可能的消费活动时变模式、消费者属性和活动特征提供理论依据,对城市商业规划和商业中心开发运营有一定的现实指导意义。  相似文献   

A comparative approach to modelling multiple urban land use changes using tree-based methods and cellular automata: the case of Greater Tokyo Area     

Guodong Du  Liang Yuan  Shunsuke Managi 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(4):757-782

Urban multiple land use change (LUC) modelling enables the realistic simulation of LUC processes in complex urban systems; however, such modelling suffers from technical challenges posed by complicated transition rules and high spatial heterogeneity when predicting the LUC of a highly developed area. Tree-based methods are powerful tools for addressing this task, but their predictive capabilities need further examination. This study integrates tree-based methods and cellular automata to simulate multiple LUC processes in the Greater Tokyo Area. We examine the predictive capability of 4 tree-based models – bagged trees, random forests, extremely randomised trees (ERT) and bagged gradient boosting decision trees (bagged GBDT) – on transition probability prediction for 18 land use transitions derived from 8 land use types. We compare the predictive power of a tree-based model with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and among themselves. The results show that tree-based models generally perform better than MLP, and ERT significantly outperforms the three other tree-based models. The outstanding predictive performance of ERT demonstrates the advantages of introducing bagging ensemble and a high degree of randomisation into transition probability modelling. In addition, through variable importance evaluation, we found the strongest explanatory powers of neighbourhood characteristics for all land use transitions; however, the size of the impacts depends on the neighbourhood land use type and the neighbourhood size. Furthermore, socio-economic and policy factors play important roles in transitions ending with high-rise buildings and transitions related to industrial areas.  相似文献   

多模式温度集成预报的检验分析          下载免费PDF全文

张玉荣 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(5):47-51

该文利用C#程序语言逐日读取欧洲数值预报模式(Ec)、中国数值预报模式(T639)、德国天气在线(ZX)、美国天气(MG)、中国天气(ZG)、中央气象台指导预报(ZY)6家模式预报的日最高气温(Tg)和日最低气温(Td)预报值,建立预报数据库。使用LINEST函数对Tg和Td做多元回归分析,得出6家模式的集成预报结果,结果表明:集成预报(JC)比6家模式预报准确率都高;同时,建立本地化订正方法,将原6家模式Tg和Td进行订正后再集成,结果表明:订正后的集成比直接集成准确率提高了0%～4%,说明订正方法的使用对提高气温预报准确率有一定的效果。另外,通过对各家模式预报结果和集成预报结果的检验分析,不仅为预报员择优使用数值预报产品提供参考依据,也为数值预报产品释用提供一定的参考方法。  相似文献   

Knowledge-guided consistent correlation analysis of multimode landslide monitoring data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shuangxi Miao  Bo Zhang  Yuling Ding  Junxiao Zhang  Jun Zhu 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(11):2255-2271

A novel method called knowledge-guided spatio-temporal consistent correlation analysis (KSTCCA) was developed to discover reliable deformation features induced by multiple factors based on multimode landslide monitoring data. Compared to conventional approaches, KSTCCA integrates both temporal and spatial correlation analysis to improve the consistency of deformation patterns and capture the spatio-temporal heterogeneities in multimode monitoring data. KSTCCA considers both the landslide deformation mechanisms and the relationships between different influential factors as knowledge. Moreover, the method extracts the morphological structures of monitoring curves based on a seven-point approach and identifies knowledge rules using the k-means clustering method. Under the guidance of prior knowledge, a spatial correlation analysis is conducted based on support vector regression, and a temporal correlation analysis of the time lag is carried out based on the morphological structure features. Finally, three kinds of typical monitoring data, including deformation, rainfall, and reservoir water level data collected in the Baishuihe landslide area, China, are used for experimental analysis to verify the validity of the proposed method.  相似文献   

顾及尺度差异的复合空间对象方向相似度定量计算模型     

陈占龙  龚希  吴亮  安晓亚 《测绘学报》2016,45(3):362-371

介绍了一种顾及尺度差异的复合空间对象的方向关系表达模型,及基于该模型的方向相似度度量方法。该方向关系模型对方向关系矩阵模型进行改进,根据空间对象的形状定量描述空间对象之间的方向关系。采用分解思想,借鉴平衡传输问题的优化方法计算复合方向矩阵间最小转换代价,即方向矩阵间的距离,从而量化方向对间的差异,最终获得不同尺度下的复合对象的方向相似度并对其进行比较。对不同尺度复合空间对象的方向相似性的试验表明,该方法简单可行且不失精度,结果符合人类认知。  相似文献