地幔柱成矿系统:以峨眉山地幔柱为例   总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37  

胡瑞忠  陶琰  钟宏  黄智龙  张正伟 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):42-54

地幔柱沟通了地核、地幔、地壳各个圈层之间的物质与能量交换,提供了板内构造岩浆活动及成矿作用的一种重要的动力学机制。峨眉山地幔柱是晚古生代全球最显著的地幔柱活动之一,形成了多种有重大资源经济价值的矿床类型。以峨眉山地幔柱为例,对几种典型矿床类型的产出特征及成因进行了系统分析,阐述了地幔柱成矿系统中各种成矿作用与地幔柱构造岩浆活动的关系及成矿机理。(1)通过对部分典型岩浆硫化物矿床的地质地球化学特征和矿化特征分析,揭示了峨眉山大火成岩省不同矿化特征的岩浆硫化物矿床形成于统一的地幔柱岩浆活动体系,并与峨眉山玄武岩为同源演化关系,岩浆演化过程及硫化物熔离富集过程存在的差异造成了矿化类型的变异。(2)对攀西地区4个超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床进行了详尽的地质地球化学分析,论述了成矿岩浆的性质、与峨眉山玄武岩的关系及成岩演化过程和成矿模式,表明成矿母岩浆来自于地幔柱,但经历了较大程度的地壳混染作用,提出岩浆的多次补给混合及结晶锋面上发生的双扩散造成的液态分层导致了韵律条带矿石的形成。(3)阐述了滇黔相邻地区玄武岩型自然铜和黑铜矿铜矿化现象,指出玄武岩岩浆气液阶段的自变质作用和玄武岩构造变质热液蚀变改造作用两种方式造成铜矿化富集,岩浆气液阶段的自变质作  相似文献   

Characteristics of silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of basalts near East Pacific Rise 13°N     

WANG Xiaoyuan  ZHAO Huijing  ZENG Zhigang  YIN Xuebo  CHEN Shuai  MA Yao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):104-108

In this study, 13 groups of silicon and oxygen isotopes and major elements of the basalts near the East Pacific Rise 13°N are used to study the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes. Among these data, δ30Si values of basalts vary from -0.4%o to 0.2%o with a mean value of δ30Si of （-0.18±0.22）%o. The δ180 values range from 4.1%o to 6.4%o with a mean δ180 value of （＋5.35±0.73） %0. Since the δ30Si values increase in the series of basalt-basaltic andesite- andesite, and δ180 values display a positive correlation with the SiO2 content, we propose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is influenced by the SiO2 content in igneous rocks. Compared with the igneous rocks from Manus Basin with clinopyroxene as their dominant mineral phase, MORBs in this study containing olivine and plagioclase as primary minerals have lower δ180 and δ30Si values, indicating that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is also affected by different Si-O bridges in silicate minerals. Furthermore, our samples from the EPR are defined as E-MORB based on K/Ti ratios. Probably, the difference in δ30Si and δ30O between our samples and a normal MORB are cause by the enriched components in E-MORBs.  相似文献   

Habitat use and longitudinal distribution patterns of native fish from a near pristine Stewart Island,New Zealand,stream     

W. Lindsay Chadderton  Richard M. Allibone 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):487-499

Distribution, abundance, and habitat preferences of native fish were investigated down the length of a relatively pristine, medium‐sized, fourth‐order stream on Stewart Island, New Zealand. A limited fish fauna was recorded (six species), including three threatened large galaxiid species (Galaxias argenteus, Galaxias fasciatus, and Galaxias brevipinnis), which have restricted distributions on mainland New Zealand. Results indicated that these large galaxiids occupy diverse habitats including pools and backwaters within the mainstems of this stream. Their extensive distributions and wide habitat usage were attributed to factors such as the intact catchment vegetation, unmodified stream channel, and the absence of introduced fishes, particularly salmonids. Results suggest that some native species have been excluded from mainstem habitats elsewhere in New Zealand. It was also evident that interactions among the native species influenced habitat use; G. brevipinnis avoided backwaters, runs, and pools in reaches occupied by G. fasciatus and Anguilla dieffenbachii; whereas G. fasciatus appeared to avoid habitats occupied by G. argenteus and A dieffenbachii. Maximum densities and biomass of galaxiids and eels occurred in deepwater habitats (>0.75 m). Furthermore the fish inhabiting these deeper waters were larger and more likely to be female. These findings have significant implications for the design and application of sampling protocols for native New Zealand fishes and for the protection of their habitats. If deeper waters are not sampled then species, sex, and size biased data may result.  相似文献   

GML空间数据库系统研究   总被引：19，自引：8，他引：11  

兰小机  张书亮  刘德儿  闾国年 《测绘科学》2005,30(5):16-19

长期以来,由于GIS数据模型的差异所导致诸多问题一直得不到很好地解决,迫切需要新的数据模型来构建新的空间数据库;大量GML空间数据的涌现,迫切需要研究其存储管理问题。另一方面,传统数据库技术并不适合GML空间数据的存储管理,本原XML数据库技术为GML空间数据的存储管理奠定了一定的基础。在这种环境下,本文从本原XML数据库的角度,对GML空间数据存储问题进行了研究。首先,分析了GML空间数据的特征和存储管理方式,然后,提出了本原GML空间数据库的体系结构。针对GML空间数据的特点,提出了GML空间数据的存储粒度和存储的逻辑模型;最后,在开放源代码数据库Ozone的基础上,实现了本原GML空间数据库的原型系统。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定工业硅中微量元素   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

沙艳梅 《岩矿测试》2009,28(1):72-74

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定工业硅中可能存在的铝、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、磷、钡、铍、镉、铈、钴、铬、铜、锂、锰、钼、镍、铅、钛、钒、钨、锌、砷、锶、铼、锑、硼28个微量元素,并以差减法计算基体硅的含量,实现了对试样基体及杂质元素含量的同时测定。方法对28个微量元素的回收率为94.0%～103.4%,精密度(RSD,n=10)低于3.0%。方法经国家实物标准物质验证,测定值与标准值基本相符。  相似文献   

Special Xenoliths in an Aegirine–Augite Syenite Porphyry in Liuhe, Yunnan, China: Discovery and Implications     

LIU Xianfan  SONG Xiangfeng  LU Qiuxi  TAO Zhuan  LONG Xunrong  ZHAO Fufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2):258-265

Three special types of xenoliths have recently been found in an aegirine–augite syenite porphyry in Liuhe, Yunnan, China. Petrographical, petrochemical, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that pure calcite xenocrysts and quartz-bearing topaz pegmatite xenoliths result from the degassing of mantle fluids during their migration, and that black microcrystalline iron-rich silicate-melt xenoliths are the product of the extraction of mantle fluids accompanying degassing and are composed dominantly of quartz, chlorite, and iron-rich columnar and sheet silicate minerals with characteristic minerals, such as native iron, apatite, and zircon. According to the bulk-rock chemical and mineral compositions and crystallization states, the microcrystalline melt xenoliths are not the product of conventional magmatism, and especially the existence of native iron further proves that the xenoliths were mantle fluid materials under reduction or anoxic conditions. The study of the special xenoliths furnishes an important deep-process geochemical background of polymetallic mineralization in different rocks and strata in the study area.  相似文献   

Lead isotopic systematics for native copperchalcocite mineralization in basaltic lavas of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China： Implications for the source of copper   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Qian Zhang  Dapeng Wang  Xiaoqing Zhu  Zhengwei Zhang  Chaohui Zhu 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):1-18

The Emeishan continental flood basalt, which is widespread in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of Southwest China, is the volcanic product of a Permian mantle plume, and native copper-chalcocite mineralization associated with the basalt is very common in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. The mineralization occurred in the tuff intercalation and terrestrial sedimentary rock intercalation which were formed during the main period of basalt eruption. The orebodies are controlled by the stratigraphic position and faults. Metal ore minerals in the ores are mainly native copper, chalcocite and tenorite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, bomite, pyrite and malachite, and sometimes with large amounts of bitumen, carbon and plant debris. Several decades of ore deposits are distributed in the neighboring areas of the two provinces, while most of them are small-scale deposits or only ore occurrences. By comparing the lead isotopic composition of the ores with that of the wall-rocks, cover and basement rocks of various periods, the source of copper in this type of ore deposits was studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The Pb isotopic composition of the ores from ten deposits is absolutely different from that of sili-ceous-argillaceus rocks of the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation, limestones of the Lower Permian Series and Carboniferous, Cambrian sandstone-shale and recta-sedimentary rock and dolomite from the upper part of the Meso-Proterozoic Kunyang Group, This indicates that ore lead was derived neither from the cover rock nor from the basement rocks; (2) Although the Neo-Proterozoic Siman dolomite and silicalite, and dolomite in the lower part of the Kunyang Group are similar in Pb isotopic composition to the ores, lead and copper contents in these rocks are very low and they have not made great contributions to copper mineralization; (3) The ores have the same Pb iso-topic composition as the basalt, the latter being enriched in copper. These facts indicate that lead and copper were derived from the basalt. According to the regional geological data and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits, it is suggested that ore-forming materials were leached out from the basalt. The thickness and buried depth of the basalt and regional tectonic dynamics can affect the formation of large-scale copper deposits. Therefore, exploration for this type of ore deposits should be conducted in the areas from western Yunnan to western Sichuan, where there are developed basalts of great thickness, with extensive tectonic movement and magmatic activity.  相似文献   

植物中硅矿化作用的硅同位素示踪研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁悌平  田世红  孙立  马国瑞  周剑雄  吴良欢  万德芳  水茂兴  王成玉  陈振宇  高建飞 《地球学报》2009,30(2):129-142

项目首次对田地生长的水稻与竹子和室内栽培水稻中氧化硅的含量、形态、分布及硅同位素组成进行了系统研究。研究发现水稻中的氧化硅含量有由根到茎、叶、稻壳逐渐增高的趋势, 但在米粒中含量急剧降低。竹子中的氧化硅含量也显由杆到枝、叶逐渐增高的趋势。在竹子和水稻的根部, 氧化硅都集中在内皮层;而在其地上部分(竿、枝、叶、壳), 氧化硅主要出现于外皮层。在单株水稻和竹子中都发现不同器官间存在显著的、系统的硅同位素分馏。水稻的? 30Si显示有由根到茎降低, 而后向叶、壳和米逐渐增高的趋势。竹子的? 30Si也显由根到竿降低, 而后向枝、叶增高的趋势。这种硅同位素变化可能是由植株内体液中的溶解硅在竿、枝、叶、壳相继沉淀出氧化硅时, 产生瑞利过程的硅同位素分馏的结果。研究得出竹子和水稻中溶解硅与沉淀硅间的硅同位素分馏系数分别为0.9981和0.9996。研究发现水稻根和竹根从土壤溶液中吸取硅时, 也存在硅同位素动力分馏。竹子与水稻吸收硅与土壤可溶硅之间的硅同位素分馏系数分别为0.9988和0.9989。研究得出：1)水稻与竹子由外界吸收的含硅化合物主要为正硅酸;2)被动吸收是其吸收硅的重要形式;3)蒸发作用是硅在这些植物中迁移和沉淀的主要机制。研究结果为理解植物中硅吸收、搬运和沉淀硅的方式与机制和探讨植物在硅、碳生物地球化学循环方面的作用提供了可靠的证据  相似文献   

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定低品位精钼矿中杂相SiO2的含量     

李哲  边明文 《矿物学报》2009,29(1)

用标准样品建立工作曲线,采用X射线荧光法测定低品位精钼矿中硅含量的方法及相关条件,并对测量结果精度进行分析。测定结果与国家标准方法的测定值相符,可满足日常分析工作需要。本方法具有样品前期处理简便、干扰因素小,且快速、准确等特点。  相似文献   

西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩地幔岩中首次发现超高压矿物方铁矿和自然铁   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16  

白文吉杨经绥  施倪承方青松  代明泉熊明 颜秉刚 《地质论评》2004,50(2):184-188

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东部,距拉萨市200km的罗布莎蛇绿岩的豆荚状铬铁岩中,发现方铁矿和自然铁。而且以自然铁为核心并包裹于方铁矿中,两者形成圆球形态。自然铁的空间群为Fm3m,晶胞参数a=0．28663nm。方铁矿空间群为Fm3m,晶胞参数a=0．43070nm。根据有关实验资料推断,高压矿物方铁矿和自然铁来自下地幔,并且可能为核幔边界化学反应生成物。  相似文献