银额盆地哈日凹陷Y井油气地球化学特征与油气源对比   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

卢进才  魏仙样  魏建设  宋博  史冀忠 《地质通报》2018,37(1):100-106

Y井是银额盆地哈日凹陷施钻的第一口揭示二叠系厚度较大的参数钻井,于二叠系试获天然气9.15×104m3/d(无阻流量),并产少量凝析油。在对Y井天然气及凝析油组分、同位素,以及凝析油生物标志化合物等分析的基础上,探讨了天然气和凝析油成因类型。结果表明,天然气为油型(腐泥型)凝析油伴生气,凝析油为高成熟腐泥型,生烃母质以水生生物为主,烃源岩演化进入高成熟阶段。将Y井凝析油与哈日凹陷周缘杭乌拉剖面出露的下二叠统埋汗哈达组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行对比,二者具有良好的亲缘关系,Y井凝析油及天然气源于二叠系,进一步证实了银额盆地石炭系—二叠系良好的油气资源前景。  相似文献   

An alternative approach to determine critical angle of contrast reversal and surface roughness of oil slicks under sunglint   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yansha Wen  Mengqiu Wang  Shaojie Sun  Minwei Zhang  Zhihua Mao 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(9):972-979

The critical angle is the angle at which the contrast of oil slicks reverse their contrasts against the surrounding oil-free seawater under sunglint. Accurate determination of the critical angle can help estimate surface roughness and refractive index of the oil slicks. Although it’s difficult to determine a certain critical angle, the potential critical angle range help to improve the estimation accuracy. In this study, the angle between the viewing direction and the direction of mirror reflection is used as an indicator for quantifying the critical angle and could be calculated from the solar/viewing geometry from observations of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The natural seep oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico were first delineated using a customized segmentation approach to remove noise and apply a morphological filter. On the basis of the histograms of the brightness values of the delineated oil slicks, the potential range of the critical angle was determined, and then an optimal critical angle between oil slicks and seawater was then determined from statistical and regression analyses in this range. This critical angle corresponds to the best fitting between the modeled and observed surface roughness of seep oil slicks and seawater.  相似文献   

Analyzing the effect of earthquakes on OpenStreetMap contribution patterns and tweeting activities     

Ahmed Ahmouda  Hartwig H. Hochmair 《地球空间信息科学学报》2018,21(3):195-212

ABSTRACT

Natural disasters, such as wildfires, earthquakes, landslides, or floods, lead to an increase in topical information shared on social media and in increased mapping activities in volunteered geographic information (VGI) platforms. Using earthquakes in Nepal and Central Italy as case studies, this research analyzes the effects of natural disasters on short-term (weeks) and longer-term (half year) changes in OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapping behavior and tweet activities in the affected regions. An increase of activities in OSM during the events can be partially attributed to those focused OSM mapping campaigns, for example, through the Humanitarian OSM Team (HOT). Using source tags in OSM change-sets, it was found that only a small portion of external mappers actually travels to the affected regions, whereas the majority of external mappers relies on desktop mapping instead. Furthermore, the study analyzes the spatio-temporal sequence of posted tweets together with keyword filters to identify a subset of users who most likely traveled to the affected regions for support and rescue operations. It also explores where, geographically, earthquake information spreads within social networks.  相似文献   

移动点与参考地物时空关系的自然语言描述方法研究     

张彩丽  吴静  邓敏 《地理与地理信息科学》2015,31(3):12-16

基于分解-组合的思想,首先对移动点的运动轨迹进行细化,并分别对移动点与参考地物目标的时空拓扑关系进行描述,在此基础上综合考虑它们之间的方向关系和距离关系,并对自然语言时空关系进行定义和集成描述。最后,通过实例对移动点运动轨迹进行了自然语言描述和应用分析。文中实现的移动对象运动轨迹的形式化描述方法,可广泛应用于导航系统中,对时空查询、时空分析及时空推理等诸多问题的研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

水分对米槠天然林土壤有机碳矿化和微生物群落的影响     

纪淑蓉  郭剑芬  万菁娟  任卫岭  杨玉盛 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2015,(1)

通过室内设置30%~80%WHC(Water holding capacity,土壤持水量,WHC)土壤含水量水平,研究土壤含水量变化对亚热带米槠天然林土壤有机碳矿化和微生物群落的影响。试验包括3种处理,处理1:干湿交替处理(30%~80%WHC交替);处理2:恒干处理(30%WHC);处理3:恒湿处理(80%WHC)。研究结果表明:1)整个培养过程,CO2排放速率均呈现波动式下降。湿润期CO2累积量显著高于干旱期CO2累积量,并且随着交替次数的增加,湿润期与干旱期CO2累积值之差逐渐增大。2)采用因子分析法得出干湿交替并不影响土壤真菌和革兰氏阳性菌群落结构,但对土壤放线菌和革兰氏阴性菌的群落有较大影响。  相似文献   

不同林龄人促更新林枯枝落叶层碳及养分贮量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王小红  张金凤  林开淼  卢正立  曾宏达  郭剑芬 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2015,(1)

对福建南平顺昌县不同林龄米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人促更新林枯枝落叶层和主要营养元素现存量进行测定,探究其随林龄的变化趋势。结果表明:不同林龄米槠人促更新林枯枝落叶层现存量为3.94~4.95 t·hm-2,其中49 a生人促林枯枝落叶层现存量最小,31 a生的最大。不同林龄枯枝落叶层C、N、P、K的浓度分别为44.09%~47.46%,11.9~13.8 g·kg-1,0.5~0.9 g·kg-1,1.4~5.1 g·kg-1。21 a生和49 a生人促更新林枯枝落叶层C浓度明显高于31 a生林分。49 a生人促更新林枯枝落叶层N和P浓度均高于21 a生和31 a生林分,但该林分枯枝落叶层K浓度却最低。21 a生米槠人促更新林枯枝落叶层C贮量分别是31 a生和49 a生林分的1.03倍和1.23倍,49 a生米槠人促更新林K贮量远低于21 a生和31 a生。不同林龄枯枝落叶层碳和养分贮量差异与林分特征、各林分枯枝落叶层现存量及养分浓度等有关。  相似文献   

Advance agriculture in the desert: the Israeli case story     

Raanan Katzir 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(1):0001-0006

The Israeli Desert constitutes 60% of the country's total area. Regional annual precipitation is 100–200 mm and evaporation reaches 2,500 mm. Traditional desert agriculture of rain fed wheat and sheep, goat and camels grazing is common. Despite the harsh climate conditions, advance agriculture is concentrated in foci where water resources exist. Desert agriculture takes advantage of the winter(October–April) due to a mild climate season for growing vegetables, flowers, herbs and fruit which are mostly exported to European countries. The key factor is the sustainable management of the local natural resources. The regional research and development(RD) system is generating adequate local knowledge and technologies. The most important key factor is developing water resources, and using irrigation saving water systems such as drip irrigation. Technologies of protected agriculture such as greenhouses and plastic tunnels are used. The unfit desert soil is substitute by sand and artificial growing media. For gaining market purposes, introduction of botanical species was implemented for various flowers and vegetable varieties, avocado, pitaya, and jojoba. Controlled drip irrigation and drainage helps to solve salinity problems. Integrated Pest Management(IPM) is used to overcome plant protection issues. Advance raising of milking cows was developed by using reduction heat stress methods. Tilapia are raised in open ponds and greenhouse ponds, and ostriches adapted to desert conditions were introduced. On the southern Judean hills where precipitation is 250 mm, through soil conservation and rain harvesting, significant afforestation is changing the desert scenery. The human factor on this process such as farmers, agricultural extension agents and research scientists is the leading factor.  相似文献   

高分辨率电子倾角传感器HRTM的倾角漂移和固有频率研究     

何东汉  郑勇  李崇辉  陈冰  陈张雷 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(7):766-770

电子倾角传感器普遍存在倾角漂移和输出数据跳变的现象,检测倾角传感器的倾角漂移规律和数据跳变的固有频率可以有效改善倾角传感器的数据质量。基于高分辨率电子倾角传感器HRTM（very high resolution tiltmeter）的工作原理,分析影响倾角传感器倾角漂移的因素,设计检验倾角传感器输出数据固有频率的实验平台,提出基于傅里叶变换的固有频率检测方法。基于地下室恒温环境下采集的10 h数据进行实验,结果表明,该传感器的倾角输出数据存在明显的倾角漂移和输出数据跳变现象,倾角漂移与仪器内部温度高度线性相关,x轴、y轴跳变的固有频率分别为2.773 Hz和2.813 Hz。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定含气天然矿泉水中的铬   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张保科  王蕾  马生凤 《岩矿测试》2013,32(4):568-571

含气天然矿泉水含有高浓度的HCO;和CO2,其中元素Cr的浓度在电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)的检出限附近甚至更低,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定又容易形成多原子离子40 Ar12C,对52 Cr的测定形成干扰,致使ICP-MS不能直接准确测定含气天然矿泉水中的Cr元素.本文对水样进行前处理,加热煮沸2 min后放置至室温,加入硝酸调节水样酸度为5％,促进HCO3-与H+反应生成大量的CO2迅速释放出来,消除了40Ar12C对52Cr产生的质谱干扰,实现了ICP-MS能够直接准确分析Cr的含量,方法检出限为0.23 ng/mL,加标回收率为92.3％～93.7％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10％.此方法简单实用,精确度和准确度能够满足天然矿泉水分析测试的要求,还可同时测定此批前处理水样中的锌铜砷镉铅等痕量元素.  相似文献   

A time series for monitoring vegetation activity and phenology at 10-daily time steps covering large parts of South America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):365-386

Abstract

It is widely accepted that natural resources should only be sustainably exploited and utilized to effectively preserve our planet for future generations. To better manage the natural resources, and to better understand the closely linked Earth systems, the concept of Digital Earth has been strongly promoted since US Vice President Al Gore's speech in 1998. One core element of Digital Earth is the use and integration of remote sensing data. Only satellite imagery can cover the entire globe repeatedly at a sufficient high-spatial resolution to map changes in land cover and land use, but also to detect more subtle changes related for instance to climate change. To uncover global change effects on vegetation activity and phenology, it is important to establish high quality time series characterizing the past situation against which the current state can be compared. With the present study we describe a time series of vegetation activity at 10-daily time steps between 1998 and 2008 covering large parts of South America at 1 km spatial resolution. Particular emphasis was put on noise removal. Only carefully filtered time series of vegetation indices can be used as a benchmark and for studying vegetation dynamics at a continental scale. Without temporal smoothing, subtle spatio-temporal patterns in vegetation composition, density and phenology would be hidden by atmospheric noise and undetected clouds. Such noise is immanent in data that have undergone solely a maximum value compositing. Within the present study, the Whittaker smoother (WS) was applied to a SPOT VGT time series. The WS balances the fidelity to the observations with the roughness of the smoothed curve. The algorithm is extremely fast, gives continuous control over smoothness with only one parameter, and interpolates automatically. The filtering efficiently removed the negatively biased noise present in the original data, while preserving the overall shape of the curves showing vegetation growth and development. Geostatistical variogram analysis revealed a significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to the raw data. Analysis of the data also revealed spatially consistent key phenological markers. Extracted seasonality parameters followed a clear meridional trend. Compared to the unfiltered data, the filtered time series increased the separability of various land cover classes. It is thus expected that the data set holds great potential for environmental and vegetation related studies within the frame of Digital Earth.  相似文献