一种伺服液压加载双室三轴仪的研制与开发     

邵生俊  褚峰  陆嫄  李玮峰 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z1):691-696

三轴试验是土力学领域控制试样固结条件和加载剪切排水条件测试土的强度、变形特性参数的常用试验,也是研究土的强度及本构关系的重要手段。针对国产三轴试验中分别通过压力室体积变化和密封轴向传力杆量测试样应变和轴向荷载的不足,研制了试样的双室压力室,3组独立的伺服步进电机驱动液压缸活塞的液压体变控制器,开发了能够控制不同加载方式、加载或变形速率的自动控制系统和计算控制程序及操作界面。双室压力室的内外腔各自由一组伺服步进电机驱动液压缸活塞的液压体变控制器施加与固结围压相同的液压;试样上端部轴向传力轴固定于压力室顶部,且连接荷载传感器量测试样承受的轴向荷载,试样下端部承受竖向加载轴作用,且与压力室底座密封,竖向加载轴的荷载由一组独立的伺服步进电机驱动液压缸活塞的液压体变控制器控制竖向加载轴下端连接的液压缸加载。该仪器能够自动量测轴向荷载、轴向变形、试样外体变、试验孔隙水压力、压力室内外腔压力。试验验证表明,该仪器系统性能稳定,提高了量测精度,具有构造简单、操作简便、自动化程度高、生产成本低等特点。  相似文献   

青海木里三露天井田天然气水合物调查研究新进展     

文怀军  卢振权  李永红  王伟超  刘文进  李星 《现代地质》2015,29(5):983-994

自2008年首次发现天然气水合物以来,青海木里三露天井田的天然气水合物调查研究成为一个热点。近两年来,神华青海能源有限责任公司投资项目在三露天井田内开展天然气水合物调查评价工作,是该区最新的天然气水合物调查研究工作部署安排,目前取得了系列重要新进展。新进展主要表现为：(1)天然气水合物赋存特征研究取得了新认识;(2)对天然气水合物形成与分布的主要地质控制因素取得了新认识;(3)总结了天然气水合物成藏模式;(4)探索了地质、地球物理、地球化学、钻探等冻土区天然气水合物勘查方法,建立了钻探气测录井预判、地质标志识别、测井判识、室内鉴定等冻土区天然气水合物判定技术手段;(5)对天然气水合物资源量进行了估算并对其经济可采性进行了初步评价。综合认为,三露天天然气水合物资源目前不具备经济开采价值。  相似文献   

Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Philip L. Cadwallader 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):11-26

The relationship between the composition of the invertebrate drift fauna and the feeding habits of the common river galaxias Galaxias vulgaris and the upland bully Phily pnodon breviceps was examined in the Glentui River, Canterbury, New Zealand, between 1500 h on 12 November and 1500 h on 13 November 1971. The drift consisted of both night‐active and day‐active components. Galaxias vulgaris fed mainly at night, with peaks of feeding at dusk and dawn. Philypnodon breviceps had two peaks of feeding, at midday and midnight, between the peak feeding times of G. vulgaris. Feeding of G. vulgaris on its major food items coincided with the presence of the food items in the drift, whereas feeding of P. breviceps did not coincide with the occurrence of the food items in the drift. It is concluded that G. vulgaris is primarily an open‐water feeder and that P. breviceps searches for food on the river bed.  相似文献   

North Cape — a ‘nursery area’ for the packhorse rock lobster,Jasus verreauxi (Deeapoda: Palinuridae)     

J. D. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):521-528

In the North Cape area (34°26'S, 173°07'E) there appears to be a concentration of late juvenile packhorse rock lobsters, Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards'), which subsequently contributes significantly to the nearby fishery for adult J. verreauxi off Cape Reinga. Evidence for this is based on the overall smaller size and fewer mature rock lobsters at North Cape compared to areas nearby, and on the results of tagging experiments carried out during 1976–77. Rock lobsters tagged at North Cape moved 21–514 km, mainly west and south, before recapture at minimum rates of 0.03–2.00 krn.d^‐1. For females at least, the movement away from North Cape usually occurs at about the time that sexual maturity is attained. Rock lobsters tagged near Cape Reinga moved 3–34 km west at minimum rates of 0.04–0.35 km.d^‐1.

Although the closure of the North Cape grounds to rock lobster fishing restricts the taking of the small number of legal‐sized fish available in the area, the restriction ensures less mortality and damage to the undersized fish due to handling.  相似文献   

Comparative descriptions of some oyster larvae from New Zealand and Chile,and a description of a new genus of oyster,Tiostrea     

P. Chanley  P. Dinamani 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):103-120

Detailed comparisons of the larvae of four species of New Zealand oyster (Saccostrea glomer‐ata, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea lutaria, and a new species of Ostrea) and one Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis) showed that larvae of species other than O. lutaria and O. chilensis share certain features. One conspicuous feature is a distinct tract, termed here the posterior dorsal sulcus, which runs from the posterior margin of prodissoconch I to the valve margin of prodissoconch II; other characteristic features are an umbonate, inequivalve shell and a provinculum bearing distinct teeth. The larvae of O. lutaria and O. chilensis, in contrast, lack the posterior dorsal sulcus, are nonumbonate, and have nearly equal valves with an edentulous provinculum. These distinctive features, together with other adult features, suggest that the two species are more appropriately included in a separate genus. The name Tiostrea is proposed for the new genus. Certain supraspecific groupings within the Ostreinae need to be re‐examined in the light of breeding experiments.  相似文献   

First record of Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Pisces: Gempylidae) from New Zealand     

C. D. Paulin  G. Habib 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):405-407

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1849) is widespread in warmer oceanic waters and has recently been recorded in the catches of tuna longline vessels in the New Zealand region. Twenty‐five specimens were caught at 31°46′‐32°03′S, 170°49′‐171°11′ E on 23–27 June 1979, thus extending the known range of the species to northern New Zealand.  相似文献   

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China     

JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.  相似文献   

Direct measurements of coastal currents around southern New Zealand   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):331-367

Results are presented from direct measurements of subsurface currents at ten coastal positions around the southern half of New Zealand, and from geomagnetic electrokinetograph measurements of surface currents between these positions. Currents on the continental shelf were predominantly tidal. Strongest mean flows were found on the continental slope adjacent to areas where the continental shelf is narrowest. The flow on the west coast of the South Island was southwards south of 44° S, with a maximum mean speed at a depth of 100 m of 0.64 m.s^‐1. On the east coast of the South Island the flow was generally towards the north, with a maximum speed at a depth of 100 m of 0.21 m.s^‐1 near latitude 42° 30’ S.  相似文献   

Structure of a mudflat diatom community in the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary,New Zealand     

S. McClatchie  S. K. Juniper  G. A. Knox 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):299-309

Parameters of community structure (species composition and relative abundance, number of taxa, diversity, evenness, and cell density) were measured for a mudflat diatom community in the Avon‐Heathcote estuary, New Zealand. Fifty three diatom species were identified: 25 taxa (species and varieties) are new New Zealand records. The Shannon‐Wiener information index (H') was 3.46, indicating high diversity. Evenness (J') ranged from 0.57–0.67. The association between the biomass of the pulmonate gastropod, Amphibola crenata, and benthic diatom community structure was studied using large open enclosures (4.0 m²) to manipulate snail biomass. Community structure was compared at 0, 5 (natural biomass), and 10 g A. crenata dry weight per m. A similarity index (SIMI=0.88–0.95), as well as H’ and J’ indicated close similarity between the diatom assemblages within all enclosures, but number of taxa increased from 33 to 49 with increasing snail biomass. Cell densities were significantly lower at high snail biomass (6088 valves per mm²) compared to enclosures with no snails (10 110 valves per mm ). A. crenata had a higher ratio of diatom fragments to whole diatom valves in its faeces (2.42) than in its crop (0.55), indicating that it is capable of fragmenting diatoms.  相似文献   

The distribution and morphology of tintinnids (ciliate protozoans) from the coastal waters around New Zealand     

D. A. Burns 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):387-406

Tintinnids from the surface plankton of New Zealand coastal waters are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Brief notes are given on their taxonomy, and their use of silica grains, diatom valves, and coccoliths in construction of the lorica is discussed. Distributional data are given for each species and these are related to the hydrological regime.  相似文献