A Forest Commons Revival in Slovenia     

Nevenka Bogataj 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(8):867-881

Forest commons in Slovenia are a poorly known indigenous institution for common resource management. They are a functional entity linked to a specific community that establishes interpersonal and intergenerational ties, as well as a link to the resource. We refer to shared ownership of resource, once made of pastures; today forests prevail. Collective property management remained despite community changes and legislation development. Today registered forest commons represent approximately one-third of those that existed before 1945. We highlight seven developmental turns to explain their revival. Six indicators are used in the analysis of current conditions. Forest commons are a potentially effective response to forest management challenges in Slovenia but also a potential model of social cohesion, rational resource use, and a balance between forest use and conservation. However, they are plagued by state ignorance, which hinders statistically sound analyses.  相似文献   

硫化铜矿生物浸出过程热力学研究     

周娥  段东平  陈思明  王晓冬 《盐湖研究》2014,(1):47-55

绘制了Cu-Fe-S-H2O体系在不同温度、反应物浓度条件下的E-pH图。通过分析比较发现,体系反应温度升高,有利于矿物溶解浸出反应的进行,反应物浓度应保持在一定的范围内,更有利于浸出反应的进行;热力学计算的反应物及产物在氧化浸出体系的变化与工业生产基本一致。  相似文献   

中国科技资源配置效率测度及其时空格局演变特征(英文)     

范斐  杜德斌  王馨竹 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(3):492-508

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001–2010, using modified method—Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), science and technology(ST) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of ST resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of ST resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA). It turned out that:(1) the average of ST resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening.(2) The asymmetrical distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose ST resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China.(3) The coupling degree between ST resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of ST resource allocation efficiency is common in regional development, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of ST resources and so on.(4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, ST resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency.(5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map ofST resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the continuity of ST resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.  相似文献   

Impact of the shrinking winter wheat sown area on agricultural water consumption in the Hebei Plain简   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

WANG Xue  LI Xiubin  XIN Liangjie 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):313-330

This study firstly analyzed the shrinkage of winter wheat and the changes of crop- ping systems in the Hebei Plain from 1998 to 2010 based on the agricultural statistic data of 11 cities and meteorological data, including daily temperature, precipitation, water vapor, wind speed and minimum relative humidity data from 22 meteorological stations, and then calcu- lated the water deficit and irrigation water resources required by different cropping systems, as well as the irrigation water resources conserved as a result of cropping system changes, using crop coefficient method and every ten-day effective precipitation estimation method. The results are as follows. 1） The sown areas of winter wheat in the 11 cities in the Hebei Plain all shrunk during the study period. The shrinkage rate was 16.07% and the total shrinkage area amounted to 49.62×10^4 ha. The shrinkage was most serious in the Bei- jing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan agglomerate, with a shrinkage rate of 47.23%. 2） The precipitation fill rate of winter wheat was only 20%-30%, while those of spring maize and summer maize both exceeded 50%. The irrigation water resources demanded by the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system ranged from 400 mm to 530 mm, while those demanded by the spring maize single cropping system ranged only from 160 mm to 210 ram. 3） The water resources conserved as a result of the winter wheat sown area shrinkage during the study period were about 15.96×10^8 m^3/a, accounting for 27.85% of those provided for Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by the first phase of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.  相似文献   

围岩蚀变对内生金属矿床勘查的意义     

荆勇河  田艳丽  张瀚夫  傅金祥 《西部资源》2014,(5):90-92

围岩蚀变对于研究热液矿床元素富集规律、指导找矿都具有极其重要的意义。文章从围岩蚀变是矿质沉淀的重要机制、围岩蚀变是重要的找矿标志、围岩蚀变在地球物理、地球化学找矿信息提取中的响应等方面阐述围岩蚀变对成矿与找矿的贡献。  相似文献   

Monitoring of small and medium embankment dams on permafrost in a changing climate     

Rudolf V. Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0348-0355

Global climate warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. It is associated with increased risks for ecological management, especially in permafrost areas comprising over 65% of Russia. Of special concern are dams constructed on permafrost. They are subject not only to climatic impacts, but also to additional hydrothermal loads from water reservoirs. This paper presents the concept of geocryological monitoring of dams and other water resource projects and substantiates its necessity in view of climatic change. It also presents methods, scope and implementation of geocryological monitoring at medium and small dams, considering the specific nature of Far Northern areas, as well as the complicated geotechnical, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions.  相似文献   

张掖市湿地资源调查与保护对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周全民  付宗斌  邓茂林  李晓娟  范旭婷 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):38-41

在对张掖市湿地资源进行全面调查的基础上,分析了湿地资源的特点以及存在的问题,并提出提高全社会湿地保护意识,加强湿地保护法规体系建设,逐步完善湿地自然保护和监测体系,强化湿地保护管理科技支撑,建立健全各级湿地保护管理机构,坚持保护与开发协调发展等对策。  相似文献   

南黄海北部B03孔沉积物的重矿物特征及物源指示意义     

赵利  赵广涛  何雨旸  徐翠玲  祁奇  龙晓军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(9):72-81

本文对取自南黄海北部的B03孔岩芯(330cm)沉积物进行了粒度和重矿物特征分析,并运用电子探针技术,分析了其典型层位角闪石的矿物化学特征。研究表明,B03孔柱状样为均一连续的粉砂质沉积,重矿物含量较低(平均仅0.65%),主要为云母类和闪石类矿物,岩芯以85cm处为界分为上、下2个沉积层,其重矿物组合分别为普通角闪石-云母类矿物-绿帘石和云母类矿物-普通角闪石-绿帘石。角闪石的EPMA分析显示其种属主要为镁角闪石,其次为镁钙闪石、铁镁钙闪石及阳起石,成因以中酸性侵入岩与中高级变质岩为主,上下沉积层角闪石特征元素Mg/Fe2+比值分别为2.03、1.90。综合分析认为,岩芯的主要物源为黄河源物质及山东半岛陆架基岩剥蚀产物的混源,上下沉积层的矿物特征差异暗示了沉积物源发生了变化,其分界线可能代表了黄河1855年改道事件在山东半岛东部陆架的区域响应。  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hu Du  Kelin Wang  Wanxia Peng  Fuping Zeng  Tongqing Song  Hao Zhang  Shiyang Lu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):163-179

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.  相似文献   

Sustaining marine life beyond boundaries: Options for an implementing agreement for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea     

《Marine Policy》2014

For nearly a decade, governments have been discussing the need to improve efforts to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Support for a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – an Implementing Agreement – on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ has been growing. In June 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, States agreed to take a decision on the development of an international instrument under UNCLOS before the end of the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which runs from September 2014 to August 2015. In follow-up to this commitment, it was agreed to consider the “scope, parameters and feasibility” of this instrument. To inform these international discussions, this article highlights some potential options for the content of a new UNCLOS Implementing Agreement. It first reviews the history of UN discussions, and then elaborates on options to address key elements identified as priorities for States in 2011: marine genetic resources, including the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It addresses cross-cutting issues such as the governing principles, institutional structure as well as on other critical points such as High Seas fishing and flag State responsibilities. The article concludes with suggestions on possible next steps in order to succeed in the negotiations for an agreement.  相似文献