Bootstrapped models for intrinsic random functions     

Katherine Campbell 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(6):699-715

Use of intrinsic random function stochastic models as a basis for estimation in geostatistical work requires the identification of the generalized covariance function of the underlying process. The fact that this function has to be estimated from data introduces an additional source of error into predictions based on the model. This paper develops the sample reuse procedure called the bootstrap in the context of intrinsic random functions to obtain realistic estimates of these errors. Simulation results support the conclusion that bootstrap distributions of functionals of the process, as well as their kriging variance, provide a reasonable picture of variability introduced by imperfect estimation of the generalized covariance function.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.  相似文献   

Microgeometry II: Testing for homogeneity in Berea sandstone     

C. Lin 《Mathematical Geology》1982,14(4):361-370

Geological sample characterizations rely on statistical assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy. There is also a tacit assumption of homogeneity at some size scale in theoretical geophysics predicated on power spectra or ensemble averaging, for example, acoustics (Devaney and Levine, 1980)or electromagnetics (Lee, 1979).Discussion is presented of a homogeneity test performed on Berea sandstone to develop methods for assessing homogeneity and for delimiting the scale at which homogeneity can be assumed. The Wilcoxon sum-of-ranks and signed-ranks tests are applied to scanning electron microscope image data. Anisotropy is found at some scales, and not at other scales. The homogeneity assumption for Berea sandstone is supported by agreement between estimates which depend for accuracy on homogeneity and values obtained by other independent methods such as bulk measurements or calculations from run-lengths.  相似文献   

A Bootstrap Test Using Maximum Likelihood Ratio Statistics to Check the Similarity of Two 3-Dimensionally Oriented Data Samples     

Sojen Joy  Snigdhansu Chatterjee 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(3):275-284

Comparing three-dimensionally oriented datasets is a problem encountered in various branches of earth science. A simple statistical tool for the comparison of two 3-dimensionally oriented datasets using the bootstrap method in line with the usual nonparametric permutation test is described here. This bootstrap test involves the estimation of maximum likelihood ratio statistic for properly constructed joint frequency tables of the datasets to be compared. This test does not use asymptotic result and will work well even for small sample sizes. Also this test does not make any specific distributional assumptions.  相似文献   

An empirical coverage test for the g -sample problem     

L. A. Orlowski  W. D. Grundy  P. W. Mielke 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(4):583-589

A nonparametricg-sample empirical coverage test has recently been developed for univariate continuous data. It is based upon the empirical coverages which are spacings of multiple random samples. The test is capable of detecting any distributional differences which may exist among the parent populations, without additional assumptions beyond randomness and continuity. The test can be effective with the limited and/or unequal sample sizes most often encountered in geologic studies. A computer program for implementing this procedure, G-SECT 1, is available.  相似文献   

Summary statistics in geochemistry: A study of the performance of robust estimates     

Nicholas M. S. Rock 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(3):243-275

Numerical data summaries in many geochemical papers rely on arithmetic means, with or without standard deviations. Yet the mean is the worst average (estimate of location) for those extremely common geochemical data sets which are non-normally distributed or include outliers. The widely used geometric mean, although allowing for skewed distributions, is equally susceptible to outliers. The superior performance of 19 robust estimates of location (simple median, plus various combined, adaptive, trimmed, and skipped,L, M, andW estimates) is illustrated using real geochemical data sets varying in sources of error (pure analytical error to multicomponent geological variability), modality (unimodal to polymodal), size (20 to >2000 data values), and continuity (continuous to truncated in either or both tails). The arithmetic mean tends to overestimate location of many geochemical data sets because of positive skew and large outliers; robust estimates yield consistent smaller averages, although some (e.g., Hampel's and Andrew's) do perform better than others (e.g., Shorth mean, dominant cluster mode). Recommended values for international standard rocks, and for such important geochemical concepts as average chondrite, can be reproduced far more simply via robust estimation on complete interlaboratory data sets than via the rather complicated and subjective methods (e.g., laboratory ratings) so far used in the literature. Robust estimates also seem generally less affected by truncation than the mean; for example, if values below machine detection limits are alternatively treated as missing values or as real values of zero, similar averages are obtained. The standard (and mean) deviations yield consistently larger values of scale for many geochemical data sets than the hinge width (interquartile range) or median absolute deviation from the median. Therefore, summaries of geochemical data should always include at least the simple median and hinge width, to complement the often misleading mean and standard deviation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Procedures for Prediction of Unconventional Gas in the Presence of Geologic Trends     

Emil D. Attanasi  Timothy C. Coburn 《Natural Resources Research》2009,18(3):153-171

This study extends the application of local spatial nonparametric prediction models to the estimation of recoverable gas volumes in continuous-type gas plays to regimes where there is a single geologic trend. A transformation is presented, originally proposed by Tomczak, that offsets the distortions caused by the trend. This article reports on numerical experiments that compare predictive and classification performance of the local nonparametric prediction models based on the transformation with models based on Euclidean distance. The transformation offers improvement in average root mean square error when the trend is not severely misspecified. Because of the local nature of the models, even those based on Euclidean distance in the presence of trends are reasonably robust. The tests based on other model performance metrics such as prediction error associated with the high-grade tracts and the ability of the models to identify sites with the largest gas volumes also demonstrate the robustness of both local modeling approaches.

Emil D. AttanasiEmail:

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阿克苏河源流区径流量与降水量丰枯变化和相关性研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘新华  徐海量  凌红波  翟新博  赵新风  戴岳 《冰川冻土》2013,35(3):741-750

利用新疆塔里木河流域阿克苏河源流区出山口沙里桂兰克和协合拉两水文站1957-2008年近50a的径流和降水数据, 借助Z指数法、参数T检验和非参数检验和小波变换等, 分析了阿克苏河两水文站降水量和径流量的变化趋势, 以及二者多时间尺度相关关系.结果表明:近50a来, 沙里桂兰克、协合拉径流量和降水量均呈增加趋势, 两水文站径流量在1993年发生了显著的增多突变, 其中, 降水量突变点沙里桂兰克在1985年, 协合拉在1986年.沙里桂兰克和协合拉降水量和径流量丰枯指数由突变前的"偏枯"和"正常"等级为主转变为突变后的"正常"和"偏涝"等级占优势.沙里桂兰克和协合拉径流量变化分别存在7a和6a的主周期, 降水量变化分别存在7a和4a的主周期.沙里桂兰克径流量和降水量在整个时间尺度上以正相关为主, 协合拉则以负相关为主, 在大于20a的时间尺度上两水文站径流量和降水量均呈不显著的正相关关系.  相似文献   

Permutation Methods for Determining the Significance of Spatial Dependence     

Douglas D. Walker  Jim C. Loftis  Paul W. Mielke  Jr. 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(8):1011-1024

A class of multivariate nonparametric tests for spatial dependence, Multivariate Sequential Permutation Analyses (MSPA), is developed and applied to the analysis of spatial data. These tests allow the significance level (P value) of the spatial correlation to be computed for each lag class. MSPA is shown to be related to the variogram and other measures of spatial correlation. The interrelationships of these measures of spatial dependence are discussed and the measures are applied to synthetic and real data. The resulting plot of significance level vs. lag spacing, or P-gram, provides insight into the modeling of the semivariogram and the semimADogram. Although the test clearly rejects some models of correlation, the chief value of the test is to quantify the strength of spatial correlation, and to provide evidence that spatial correlation exists  相似文献   

水资源系统等级评价的一种非参数方法   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

金菊良  汪明武  魏一鸣  丁晶 《水科学进展》2005,16(6):804-809

水资源系统等级评价是目前水资源系统工程研究的热点和难点之一,常规评价方法需要根据先验知识预先设定评价函数的具体结构形式,难以适应复杂多变的实际评价系统.为此,提出了一种非参数评价新方法(NGEM).NGEM无需假定评价函数的具体表达形式,直接挖掘评价标准数据本身所隐含的评价信息,它用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪方法客观地确定各指标权重,用非参数回归方法建立评价函数.实例计算结果说明,NGEM直观简便、有效通用,在各种系统预测与模拟中也具有应用价值.  相似文献   

基于城、市视角的城市化水平与经济增长关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王雪辉  谷国锋 《地理科学》2018,38(10):1634-1642

基于城、市的视角,揭示2005~2014年中国285个地级市城市化水平及类型的时空演化规律,并基于非参数估计方法探究不同城市化类型与经济增长的函数关系。研究发现：① 中国城化水平空间分布呈离散状态,市化水平空间分布呈“核心-外围”结构。② 中国大多数城市属于同步发展型,该类型城市较非同步型城市更稳定。③ 不同城市化类型与经济增长的函数关系也不相同,因此应有针对性地采取差异化政策。  相似文献