Emplacement, growth, and gravitational deformation of serpentinite seamounts on the Mariana forearc     

A. J. Oakley  B. Taylor  P. Fryer  G. F. Moore  A. M. Goodliffe  J. K. Morgan 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):615-634

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Andean evolution at the Guañacos and Chos Malal fold and thrust belts (36°30′–37°s)     

Andrs Folguera  Víctor A. Ramos  Toms Zapata  Mauro G. Spagnuolo 《Journal of Geodynamics》2007,44(3-5):129-148

The Andes between 36°30′ and 37°S represent a Cretaceous fold and thrust belt strongly reactivated in the late Miocene. Most of the features that absorbed Neogene shortening were already uplifted in the late Cretaceous, as revealed by field mapping and confirmed by previous fission track analysis. This Andean section is formed by two sectors: a western-inner sector generated by the closure of the upper Oligocene-lower Miocene intra-arc Cura Mallín basin between the middle and late Miocene (Guañacos fold and thrust belt), and an eastern-outer sector, where late Triassic-early Jurassic extensional depocenters were exhumed in two discrete phases of contraction, in the latest early Cretaceous and late Miocene to the Present, respectively (Chos Malal fold and thrust belt). Late Miocene deformation has not homogeneously reactivated Cretaceous compressive structures, being minimal south of 37°30′S through the eastern-outer sector (southern continuation of the Chos Malal fold and thrust belt). The reason for such an inhomogeneous deformational evolution seems to be related to the development of a late Miocene shallow subduction regime between 34°30′ and 37°45′S, as it was proposed in previous studies. This shallow subduction zone is evidenced by the eastward expansion of the arc that was accompanied by the eastern displacement of the orogenic front at these latitudes. As a result, the Cretaceous fold and thrust belt were strongly reactivated north of 37°30′S producing the major topographic break along the Southern Central Andes.  相似文献   

Trace element compositions of jadeite (+omphacite) in jadeitites from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district, Japan: Implications for fluid processes in subduction zones   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tomoaki  Morishita  Shoji  Arai  Yoshito  Ishida 《Island Arc》2007,16(1):40-56

Abstract   Trace-element compositions of jadeite (±omphacite) in jadeitites from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district of Japan, analyzed by a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique showed chemical zoning within individual grains and variations within each sample and between different samples. Primitive mantle-normalized patterns of jadeite in the samples generally showed high large-ion lithophile element contents, high light rare earth element/heavy rare earth element ratios and positive anomalies of high field strength elements. The studied jadeitites have no signatures of the protolith texture or mineralogy. Shapes and distributions of minerals coupled with chemical zoning within grains suggest that the jadeitites were formed by direct precipitation of minerals from aqueous fluids or complete metasomatic modification of the precursor rocks by fluids. In either case, the geochemical characteristics of jadeite are highly affected by fluids enriched in both large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements. The specific fluids responsible for the formation of jadeitites are related to serpentinization by slab-derived fluids in subduction zones. This process is followed by dissolving high field strength elements in the subducting crust as the fluids continue to circulate into the subducting crusts and serpentinized peridotites. The fluids have variations in chemical compositions corresponding to various degrees of water–rock interactions.  相似文献   

Micromorphological Analysis of Coastal Sediments from Willapa Bay, Washington, USA: A Technique for Analysing Inferred Tsunami Deposits     

Aoibheann A. Kilfeather  Jeffrey J. Blackford  Jaap J. M. van der Meer 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):509-525

Tsunami deposits are provisionally distinguished in the field on the basis of anomalous sand horizons, fining-up and fining-landward, coupled with organic-rich, fragmented `backwash' sediments. In this paper, micromorphological features of a sediment sequence previously interpreted as being of tsunami origin are described. These characteristics are shown to be consistent with the macro-scale features used elsewhere, but show additional details not seen in standard stratigraphies, including possible evidence for individual waves, possibly wave-magnitude progression, organic fragment alignment and intraclast microstructures. Although replication and more complete studies are needed, this analysis confirms the identification of a tsunami in Willapa Bay in ca.1700 AD, while demonstrating a widely applicable technique for confirming or refuting possible tsunami deposits.  相似文献   

华北陆块南部熊耳群火山岩的地球化学特征与成因   总被引：16，自引：12，他引：16  

金成伟  翟明国  夏斌  周美夫  赵太平 《岩石学报》2002,18(1):56-69

分布于华北陆块南部的熊耳群火山岩由玄武质到流纹质火山岩组成,并以玄武安山岩、安山岩为主,次为英安-流纹岩,SiO2=62％±的岩石较少,显示双峰特点。中基性熔岩的主要造岩矿物是辉石和斜长石,没有角闪石和黑云母,表明熊耳群火山岩形成于相对无水的环境。岩石地球化学上的显著特点是,富K2O、FeO,低Al2O3、MgO、CaO;富含大离子亲石元素(LILE,如K、Rb、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE,Nb、Ta、Ti),表现出岛弧型火山岩的地球化学亲合性。文中详细的岩石地球化学证据表明,熊耳群火山岩具有岛弧型地球化学特征的主要原因是其地幔源区遭受俯冲带组分的改造,而岩浆在上升到地表的过程中混染地壳物质是次要的。基于熊耳群及下伏结晶基底的地质学和地球化学特征,表明熊耳群形成于夭折的三叉裂谷环境,推断俯冲带组分的改造和富集事件发生在华北陆块南部古元古代大陆壳的形成和 拼贴过程中,由于洋壳和地壳物质再循环到上地幔中,使陆下岩石圈地幔源区富集LILE、LREE并亏损HFSE。熊耳期岩浆作用正是源于这样的保留有早期俯冲带组分改造特征的陆下岩石圈富集地幔。  相似文献   

江淮入梅前后大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副高北跳西伸的可能机制   总被引：18，自引：6，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

徐海明  何金海周兵 《应用气象学报》2001,12(2):150-158

该文首先采用合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅前后大尺度大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳的可能机制。研究结果表明, 江淮入梅前期的最显著的特征是:副热带高压首先在太平洋中部增强北跳, 而后向西扩展导致太平洋副高西部脊 (120°E) 的增强北跳。进一步分析表明, 在太平洋中部副热带高压的增强北跳和西伸之前, 副热带高压南侧ITCZ中对流和孟加拉湾北部的对流活动明显并且都经历了一次增强活跃过程, 这意味着热带ITCZ和孟加拉湾北部对流的异常活跃可能对副热带高压的增强北跳西伸产生影响。全球大气环流模式模拟结果表明, 赤道中太平洋ITCZ中对流异常活跃不仅可导致副热带高压的增强北移, 而且还可导致副热带高压西伸, 与诊断分析结果相一致。  相似文献   

青藏高原的隆升：青藏高原的岩石圈结构和构造地貌   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

崔军文  李朋武等 《地质论评》2001,47(2):157-163

笔者回顾青藏高原隆升研究的历史，剖析各种隆升动力学模式，依据着青藏高原岩石圈组成的构的强烈不均一性和、三分性”，“对称性”构造地貌格局，提出了青藏高原隆升是印度地块和塔里木一可拉善地块双向不均一俯冲和青藏腹地深层热隆扩展联合作用的结果，俯冲是高原隆升的重要机制，而热隆扩展是高原隆升的直接原因。  相似文献   

Latent heat effects of the major mantle phase transitions on low-angle subduction     

Jeroen van Hunen  Arie P van den Berg  Nico J Vlaar 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):125-135

Very low to zero shallow dip angles are observed at several moderately young subduction zones with an active trenchward moving overriding plate. We have investigated the effects of latent heat for this situation, where mantle material is pushed through the major mantle phase transitions during shallow low-angle subduction below the overriding plate. The significance of the buoyancy forces, arising from the latent heat effects, on the dynamics of the shallowly subducting slab is examined by numerical modeling. When a 32-Ma-old slab is overridden with 2.5 cm/yr by a continent, flat subduction occurs with a 4–5 cm/yr convergence rate. When latent heat is included in the model, forced downwellings cause a thermal anomaly and consequently thermal and phase buoyancy forces. Under these circumstances, the flat slab segment subducts horizontally about 350 km further and for about 11 Ma longer than in the case without latent heat, before it breaks through the 400-km phase transition. The style of subduction strongly depends on the mantle rheology: increasing the mantle viscosity by one order of magnitude can change the style of subduction from steep to shallow. Similarly, an overriding velocity of less than 1 cm/yr leads to steep subduction, which gradually changes to flat subduction when increasing the overriding velocity. However, these model parameters do not change the aforementioned effect of the latent heat, provided that low-angle subduction occurs. In all models latent heat resulted in a substantial increase of the flat slab length by 300–400 km. Varying the olivine–spinel transition Clapeyron slope γ from 1 to 6 MPa/K reveals a roughly linear relation between γ and the horizontal length of the slab. Based on these results, we conclude that buoyancy forces due to latent heat of phase transitions play an important role in low-angle subduction below an overriding plate.  相似文献   

大兴安岭—燕山晚中生代岩浆活动与俯冲作用关系   总被引：67，自引：0，他引：67       下载免费PDF全文

邵济安  刘福田等 《地质学报》2001,75(1):56-63

本文通过对华北的大兴安岭－燕山地区晚中生代火山－深成岩岩石化学、同位素地质学的分析，认为该地区岩浆的形成和演化与板内伸展环境下的底侵作用有关，而与太平洋板块俯冲无直接的成因联系。本文展示了较高分辨率的日本海沟－长白山－蒙古额尔德尼查干的地震层析图像，揭示了太平洋俯冲板片的形态特征；再结合对俯冲时间及俯冲作用与岩浆作用时差的研究，进一步证明板块俯冲与研究区的岩浆活动无直接关系。最后通过底侵作用年代学的研究，将大兴安岭－燕山中生代岩浆活动与层析图象显示的大陆板内软流圈上涌体联系起来。  相似文献   

东天山红柳河地区晚加里东期花岗岩类岩石锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

李伍平  王涛  李金宝  康旭  于福生  韩庆军  马忠平 《地球学报》2001,22(3):231-235

本文对东天山红柳河地区 2个花岗岩类岩体进行了年代学和元素 同位素地球化学研究。锆石U Pb年龄表明 ,红柳河北闪长岩体 ( 4 41.4± 1.6Ma)和前进工区花岗岩体 ( 4 40 .9± 3 .1Ma)形成于晚加里东期。这两个花岗岩类岩体的形成不仅证实了东天山存在着晚加里东期岩浆活动 ,而且其形成与哈萨克斯坦 准噶尔大洋板块向塔里木板块俯冲密切相关。  相似文献