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991.
对传统的向后-向前选择法粗差定位方法进行改进,即在原有基础上加入对平差模型的整体检验,计算统计量的相关系数,通过对偏相关系数的检验来定位统计量相关的粗差观测值。通过模拟粗差算例证明,该算法能够准确定位多维粗差,有效改善粗差定位转移的现象,且粗差估值结果比较可靠。 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
Oracle数据库管理系统已成为我国国家级和省级国土资源基础数据库建设的主流技术平台。该文就国家级和省级数据库的建设,提出了在Oracle数据库技术环境下,如何在物理上合理组织和布局各种类型的数据,如何设置和管理各衍生数据,如何实施数据完整性要求,其目的是实现国土资源基础数据的高效管理和可持续更新支持,更好地满足国土资源基础数据库之上各业务应用系统运转的要求。 相似文献
995.
Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Natalie C. Ban Gretchen J.A. Hansen Michael Jones Amanda C.J. Vincent 《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):794-800
Systematic planning for conservation is highly regarded but relies on spatially explicit data that are lacking in many areas of conservation concern. The decision support tool Marxan is applied to a reef system in the central Philippines where 30 marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established in communities without much use of biophysical data. The intent was to explore how Marxan might assist with the legally required expansion to protect 15% of marine waters, and how existing MPAs might affect that process. Results show that biophysical information alone did not provide much guidance in identifying patterns of conservation importance in areas where the data are poor. Socioeconomic data were needed to distinguish among possible areas for protection; but here, as elsewhere in marine environments, the availability of such data was very limited. In the final analysis, local knowledge and integrated understanding of socioeconomic realities may offer the best spatially explicit information. The 30 existing MPAs, which encompassed a small proportion of the reef system, did not limit future options in developing a suite of MPAs on a broader scale. Rather, they appeared to generate the support for MPAs that is obligatory for any larger zoning effort. In summary, establishing MPAs based on community-driven criteria has biological and social value, but efforts should be made to collect ecological and socioeconomic data to guide the continued creation of MPAs. 相似文献
996.
Significant effort has been made to generate a homogeneous database on wave overtopping consisting of more than 10,000 irregular wave overtopping tests from more than 160 independent projects or test series, each described by means of 31 parameters. Many coastal structures, including dikes, rubble mound breakwaters, berm breakwaters, caisson structures and combinations have been considered and have been schematised for inclusion in the database. All these overtopping tests are represented by over 300,000 numbers in the database. 相似文献
997.
Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
As reported in former studies, temperature observations obtained by expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and mechanical bathythermographs
(MBTs) appear to have positive biases as much as they affect major climate signals. These biases have not been fully taken
into account in previous ocean temperature analyses, which have been widely used to detect global warming signals in the oceans.
This report proposes a methodology for directly eliminating the biases from the XBT and MBT observations. In the case of XBT
observation, assuming that the positive temperature biases mainly originate from greater depths given by conventional XBT
fall-rate equations than the truth, a depth bias equation is constructed by fitting depth differences between XBT data and
more accurate oceanographic observations to a linear equation of elapsed time. Such depth bias equations are introduced separately
for each year and for each probe type. Uncertainty in the gradient of the linear equation is evaluated using a non-parametric
test. The typical depth bias is +10 m at 700 m depth on average, which is probably caused by various indeterminable sources
of error in the XBT observations as well as a lack of representativeness in the fall-rate equations adopted so far. Depth
biases in MBT are fitted to quadratic equations of depth in a similar manner to the XBT method. Correcting the historical
XBT and MBT depth biases by these equations allows a historical ocean temperature analysis to be conducted. In comparison
with the previous temperature analysis, large differences are found in the present analysis as follows: the duration of large
ocean heat content in the 1970s shortens dramatically, and recent ocean cooling becomes insignificant. The result is also
in better agreement with tide gauge observations.
On leave from the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency. 相似文献
998.
A monthly mean climatology of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific has been produced by using Argo observations.
The optimum method and parameter for evaluating the MLD from the Argo data are statistically determined. The MLD and its properties
from each density profile were calculated with the method and parameter. The monthly mean climatology of the MLD is computed
on a 2° × 2° grid with more than 30 profiles for each grid. Two bands of deep mixed layer with more than 200 m depth are found
to the north and south of the Kuroshio Extension in the winter climatology, which cannot be reproduced in some previous climatologies.
Early shoaling of the winter mixed layer between 20–30°N, which has been pointed out by previous studies, is also well recognized.
A notable feature suggested by our climatology is that the deepest mixed layer tends to occur about one month before the mixed
layer density peaks in the middle latitudes, especially in the western region, while they tend to coincide with each other
in higher latitudes. 相似文献
999.
1000.
由于存在部分泥岩井眼垮塌,东海春晓气田测井曲线砂泥岩阻抗部分叠置。针对这一现象,采用未垮塌段泥岩伽马与密度拟合关系校正垮塌段泥岩密度,声波时差经本区伽德那公式拟合后求取。通过泥岩垮塌测井数据校正前后对比、直方交会、岩石物理、正演及反演效果分析,认为校正后的测井数据比较真实地反映垮塌段扩径泥岩地层特征,储层与围岩波阻抗差异明显,为储层反演、砂体空间展布分析提供了有力依据。 相似文献