海水酸化对米氏凯伦藻和盐生杜氏藻种群增长和种间竞争的影响     

胡顺鑫  杨丁  唐学玺  臧宇  周斌 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(4):777-785

大气中CO_2浓度升高导致的海水酸化改变了海洋生物赖以生存的化学环境,将对其生长、繁殖和代谢产生深远影响。本研究采用实验生态学的方法,以米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)为研究对象,探究在海水酸化条件下两种微藻种群增长和种间竞争关系的变化。结果发现:(1)在单培养体系中,随着二氧化碳浓度升高,米氏凯伦藻的环境负载能力(K)升高,而对其生长率进入拐点的时间(T_p)、内禀增长率(r)、进入指数增长期(T_(Ep))和静止期的时间(T_(Sp))均无显著性影响;对盐生杜氏藻而言,二氧化碳浓度升高显著降低了盐生杜氏藻的T_p和r值,而对其K、T_(Ep)、T_(Sp)均无显著性影响;(2)在共培养体系中,两种微藻的K值均受到显著抑制,与单培养体系相比差异显著(P0.05);二氧化碳升高改变了两种微藻的竞争关系,微藻之间的竞争表现为向有利于米氏凯伦藻的方向发展。(3)米氏凯伦藻去藻过滤液对盐生杜氏藻产生抑制作用,二氧化碳浓度升高加剧了这种抑制作用。  相似文献   

中国沿岸海洋站自动测波仪器测波特征分析     

刘首华  范文静  王慧  刘克修  岳心阳 《海洋通报》2017,36(6):618-630

选取我国沿岸18个海洋观测站,对SBF3-1、SBF3-2、LPB1-2、SZF型自动测波仪器与目测、岸用测波仪两种非自动测波方式的海浪观测参数进行了比较分析。研究发现,与非自动测波方式相比,SBF3-1型浮标观测波高无明显变化,观测周期具有显著变大的特点;SBF3-2型浮标观测波高多数情况下具有变小的特点,观测周期保持不变或趋于变大;LPB1-2型声学测波仪观测波高有微弱变大的特点,观测周期无明显变化或微弱变大;SZF型浮标观测波高和观测周期既存在明显变大的情况,也存在明显变小或变化不明显的情况,无明显共性观测特点。  相似文献   

Identification of important marine areas using ecologically or biologically significant areas (EBSAs) criteria in the East to Southeast Asia region and comparison with existing registered areas for the purpose of conservation     

《Marine Policy》2017

The biodiversity of East to Southeast (E–SE) Asian waters is rapidly declining because of anthropogenic effects ranging from local environmental pressures to global warming. To improve marine biodiversity, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were adopted in 2010. The recommendation of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA), encourages application of the ecologically or biologically significant area (EBSA) process to identify areas for conservation. However, there are few examples of the use of EBSA criteria to evaluate entire oceans. In this article, seven criteria are numerically evaluated to identify important marine areas (EBSA candidates) in the E–SE Asia region. The discussion includes 1) the possibility of EBSA criteria quantification throughout the E–SE Asia oceans and the suitability of the indices selected; 2) optimal integration methods for criteria, and the relationships between the criteria and data robustness and completeness; and; 3) a comparison of the EBSA candidates identified and existing registered areas for the purpose of conservation, such as marine protected areas (MPAs). Most of the EBSA criteria could be quantitatively evaluated throughout the Asia-Pacific region. However, three criteria in particular showed a substantial lack of data. Our methodological comparison showed that complementarity analysis performed better than summation because it considered criteria that were evaluated only in limited areas. Most of the difference between present-day registered areas and our results for EBSAs resulted from a lack of data and differences in philosophy for the selection of indices.  相似文献   

基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵铁虎  齐君  阮大双 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(5):16-22

设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。  相似文献   

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.007   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tatsuyuki Arai  Shigenori Maruyama 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(2):299-308

Lunar anorthosite is a major rock of the lunar highlands,which formed as a result of plagioclasefloatation in the lunar magma ocean(LMO).Constraints on the sufficient conditions that resulted in the formation of a thick pure anorthosite(mode of plagioclase 95 vol.%) is a key to reveal the early magmatic evolution of the terrestrial planets.To form the pure lunar anorthosite,plagioclase should have separated from the magma ocean with low crystal fraction.Crystal networks of plagioclase and mafic minerals develop when the crystal fraction in the magma(φ) is higher than ca.40-60 vol.%,which inhibit the formation of pure anorthosite.In contrast,when φ is small,the magma ocean is highly turbulent,and plagioclase is likely to become entrained in the turbulent magma rather than separated from the melt.To determine the necessary conditions in which anorthosite forms from the LMO,this study adopted the energy criterion formulated by Solomatov.The composition of melt,temperature,and pressure when plagioclase crystallizes are constrained by using MELTS/pMELTS to calculate the density and viscosity of the melt.When plagioclase starts to crystallize,the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.59 at 1291 C.The density of the melt is smaller than that of plagioclase for P 2.1 kbar(ca.50 km deep),and the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes larger than the typical crystal diameter of plagioclase(1.8-3 cm).This suggests that plagioclase is likely entrained in the LMO just after the plagioclase starts to crystallize.When the Mg~# of melt becomes 0.54 at 1263 C,the density of melt becomes larger than that of plagioclase even for 0 kbar.When the Mg~# of melt decreases down to 0.46 at 1218 C,the critical diameter of plagioclase to separate from the melt becomes 1.5-2.5 cm,which is nearly equal to the typical plagioclase of the lunar anorthosite.This suggests that plagioclase could separate from the melt.One of the differences between the Earth and the Moon is the presence of water.If the terrestrial magma ocean was saturated with H_2O,plagioclase could not crystallize,and anorthosite could not form.  相似文献   

INDEPTH IV深反射地震揭示的东昆仑造山带隆升过程          下载免费PDF全文

刘志伟  赵文津  吴珍汉  史大年  宋洋  邓世广 《地球物理学报》2016,59(9):3211-3222

INDEPTH IV深反射地震数据处理的重点和难点是近地表风化壳静校正和异常振幅噪音衰减,通过初至波剩余折射静校正技术、异常振幅噪声衰减技术和CRS优化叠加技术获得了信噪比较高的地震剖面.由INDEPTH IV深反射地震剖面揭示,东昆仑造山带上地壳地层具有挤压走滑、断展褶皱等动力学特点,岩石圈上、下地壳之间存在不连续的松潘-甘孜古洋壳反射特征,东昆仑山下偏南局部Moho面以上低频异常反射特征指示局部熔融、低速高导体存在.综合INDEPTH IV深反射地震剖面和其他地球物理数据分析认为,东昆仑造山带隆升过程非常复杂,隆升过程至少经过两次主期变形,一期是中生代三叠纪松潘-甘孜洋向北俯冲引发被动大陆边缘造山,另一期是新生代古近纪印度-欧亚板块碰撞致使羌塘地块北移造成的上地壳挤压隆升.利用INDEPTH IV深反射地震单炮、速度和叠加剖面等成果,综合解译数据,最终提出东昆仑造山带隆升过程的另一种模式,以有助于深化对东昆仑造山模式的认识.  相似文献   

Markovian modeling of seismic damage accumulation          下载免费PDF全文

Iunio Iervolino  Massimiliano Giorgio  Eugenio Chioccarelli 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(3):441-461

Analysis of civil structures at the scale of life‐cycle requires stochastic modeling of degradation. Phenomena causing structures to degrade are typically categorized as aging and point‐in‐time overloads. Earthquake effects are the members of the latter category this study deals with in the framework of performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE). The focus is structural seismic reliability, which requires modeling of the stochastic process describing damage progression, because of subsequent events, over time. The presented study explicitly addresses this issue via a Markov‐chain‐based approach, which is able to account for the change in seismic response of damaged structures (i.e. state‐dependent seismic fragility) as well as uncertainty in occurrence and intensity of earthquakes (i.e. seismic hazard). The state‐dependent vulnerability issue arises when the seismic hysteretic response is evolutionary and/or when the damage measure employed is such that the degradation increment probabilistically depends on the conditions of the structure at the time of the shock. The framework set up takes advantage also of the hypotheses of classical probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, allowing to separate the modeling of the process of occurrence of seismic shocks and the effect they produce on the structure. It is also discussed how the reliability assessment, which is in closed‐form, may be virtually extended to describe a generic age‐ and state‐dependent degradation process (e.g. including aging and/or when aftershock risk is of interest). Illustrative applications show the options to calibrate the model and its potential in the context of PBEE. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

柴北缘胜利口东地区白云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素          下载免费PDF全文

张金明  王秉璋  薛万文  付彦文  田成秀  雷晓清 《中国地质》2022,49(2):620-630

[研究目的]柴北缘地区分布着大量早古生代花岗岩,是否存在与大陆深俯冲和早期碰撞阶段的岩浆活动,截至目前研究资料较少,制约了对柴北缘地区大地构造背景演化的认识.[研究方法]本文对胜利口东地区白云母二长花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究.[研究结果]通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得...  相似文献   

Quantitative failure metric for gravity dams          下载免费PDF全文

M. A. Hariri‐Ardebili  V. Saouma 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(3):461-480

Quantitative failure monitoring is a critical tool for safety assessment of concrete dams. This includes damage occurrence, intensity, location, number, size, and propagation pattern. Such an assessment is essential for a quantifiable prioritization of repair and will thus reduce overall cost and improve safety. This paper will address this timely topic through the nonlinear transient analysis of a dam and failure will be ascertained through a multi‐scale damage index. A damage‐plastic model for mass concrete is used, Drucker‐Prager elasto‐plastic one for the foundation, and infinite elements are used for far‐field boundaries. Water‐dam interaction is accounted for through fluid finite elements. It is determined that the proposed damage indices can indeed provide a quantitative metric for the degree of failure in gravity dams in terms of the input dynamic motion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An investigation into the effects of damping and nonlinear geometry models in earthquake engineering analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew Hardyniec  Finley Charney 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(15):2695-2715

The growing emphasis of considering the behavior of structures at extreme performance states, such as collapse, has necessitated the characterization of the effects of varying attributes of the structural model. One source of variability that has not previously been considered is variability in the mathematical model. This study investigated the effects of changing the geometric nonlinearity approach and damping model on a four‐story buckling restrained braced frame, a four‐story steel moment resisting frame, and an eight‐story steel moment resisting frame. The variations in behavior are quantified using the maximum interstory drift ratio as the performance metric and qualified by comparing the relative displaced shapes and component response histories at the collapse performance state. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献