Pithonellid blooms in the Chalk of the Isle of Wight and their biostratigraphical potential     

Ian P. Wilkinson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):862-867

Five pithonellid blooms recognised in the Chalk Group of the Isle of Wight are correlated via foraminiferal biostratigraphy to regional and global events. Blooms were recognised in the Holywell Nodular Chalk to basal New Pit Chalk formations (foraminiferal zones BGS7 to BGS9); M. guerangeri to Mytiloides standard (macrofaunal zones); middle Lewes Chalk (questionably foraminifera Zone BGS12; S. plana standard macrofaunal Zone); basal Seaford Chalk (BGS14; base M. coranguinum standard macrofaunal Zone); lower Newhaven Chalk (base BGS18; base U. socialis standard macrofaunal Zone); and uppermost Newhaven to basal Culver formations (BGS19-20; O. pilula to low G. quadrata standard macrofaunal zones). The blooms appear to be coeval with oceanographic change and the general trend towards an increase in the proportion of planktonic taxa may suggest upwelling and/or dysaerobic bottom waters.  相似文献   

Comparison of rhyolites from continental rift,continental arc and oceanic island arc: Implication for the mechanism of silicic magma generation     

Dereje Ayalew  Akira Ishiwatari 《Island Arc》2011,20(1):78-93

We discuss the chemical compositions of rhyolites from three distinct tectonic settings: (i) the continental rift from Ethiopia (both Oligocene–Miocene and Quaternary rhyolites); (ii) the early Miocene continental arc of Japan (the Mt Wasso rhyolites related to the rifting of the Japan Sea); and (iii) the oceanic Izu–Bonin Island Arc. The comparison reveals that the oceanic island arc rhyolites have high contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and extremely low abundance of trace elements including K₂O. In contrast, the Ethiopian continental rift rhyolites are characterized by low contents of CaO, Al₂O₃, and Sr, and high contents of K₂O, and are enriched in the whole range of trace elements. The continental arc Mt Wasso rhyolites are apparently low in Nb content, although they display similar chemical trends to those of the Ethiopian rhyolites. This obvious difference in the chemical signatures of the rhyolites from the three tectonic settings is the consequence of their derivation from different sources. The implication of this result is that fractional crystallization processes were dominant in the rift‐related rhyolites both from continental rift and continental arc regardless of the prevailing tectonic setting and the nature of the crust (age, thickness, composition), whereas the oceanic island arc rhyolites may form through partial melting of young, mafic crust.  相似文献   

Timing of collision of the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc with India and Asia: Debate     

HAFIZ UR REHMAN  TETSUZO SENO  HIROSHI YAMAMOTO  TAHSEENULLAH KHAN 《Island Arc》2011,20(3):308-328

The Kohistan–Ladakh Arc in the Himalaya–Karakoram region represents a complete section of an oceanic arc where the rocks from mantle to upper crustal levels are exposed. Generally this arc was regarded as of Jurassic–Cretaceous age and was welded to Asia and India by Northern and Southern Sutures respectively. Formation of this arc, timings of its collisions with Asia and India, and position of collision boundaries have always been controversial. Most authors consider that the arc collided with Asia first during 102–75 Ma and then with India during 55–50 Ma, whereas others suggest that the arc collided with India first at or before 61 Ma, and then the India–arc block collided with Asia ca 50 Ma. Recently published models of the later group leave several geological difficulties such as an extremely rapid drifting rate of the Indian Plate (30 ± 5 cm/year) northwards between 61–50 Ma, absence of a large ophiolite sequence and accretionary wedge along the Northern Suture, obduction of ophiolites and blueschists along the Southern Suture, and the occurrence of a marine depositional environment older than 52 Ma in the Indian Plate rocks south of the Southern Suture. We present a review based on geochemical, stratigraphic, structural, and paleomagnetic data to show that collision of the arc with Asia happened first and with India later.  相似文献   

黑潮季节变化对次级海洋环流的影响     

肖栋  巢纪平 《气象学报》2011,69(4):736-744

黑潮是全球大洋中和大气之间进行热量交换最多的海域之一,它所携带的热量对局地的海-气相互作用具有重要影响。20世纪50—60年代,中国学者就发现冬季黑潮流域的海表温度与中国长江流域汛期降水存在着密切联系。文中利用一个两层半海洋模式主要从动力学角度探讨黑潮流域热源的季节变化对次级海洋环流的影响。结果表明,在黑潮流域冬暖夏冷的外源强迫下,温跃层的海温异常峰值比热源的峰值滞后一个季节,春季的海温异常达到最大。混合层年平均海温异常为正,从冬季到夏季均偏高,春季最大,仅秋季为负异常,这与观测资料一致。混合层与温跃层的春季海温异常的量值大体相当,在其他季节混合层的海温异常均高于温跃层。从冬季到夏季,温跃层和混合层的次级环流呈现从气旋型环流到反气旋型环流的转变,这样的异常环流在夏季有利于向中国东部附近海域输送热量。  相似文献   

羊拉铜矿里农矿段控矿因素及矿体分布规律     

杨德学  刘月东  杨光勇 《云南地质》2011,30(4):398-400,397

复杂的矿体空间分布影响矿山生产和找矿勘探。总结里农矿段控矿因素,重点分析主要矿体空间分布规律及地质背景,进一步指明找矿标志。  相似文献   

上扬子北缘震旦纪-早古生代沉积演化与储层分布特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

余谦  牟传龙  张海全  谭钦银  许效松  闫剑飞 《岩石学报》2011,27(3):672-680

上扬子北缘地层沉积演化既受北部南秦岭构造、西部龙门山构造、同时也受北部汉南古陆的长期继承性隆起影响。震旦纪-早古生代,其北部为秦岭洋、西部为巴颜喀拉洋,沉积充填演化序列有别于扬子地台东南边缘。在铁船山组-西乡组火山-沉积岩系和南华系冰碛岩之上,主要经历了震旦纪初始碳酸盐台地、早中寒武世陆棚、晚末寒武世-早奥陶世碳酸盐台地及克拉通边缘隆升、中晚奥陶世台地淹没、晚奥陶-早志留世滞留陆棚沉积等阶段。沉积演化过程中,上扬子北缘地区形成了多套区域性烃源岩,也形成了多套有利的储层,主要包括灯影组藻礁-白云岩储层、仙女洞组鲕粒灰岩储层、沧浪铺组砂体储层、石龙洞组白云岩储层。储层分布广泛,尽管总体以低孔低渗为主,但部分地区白云岩、灰岩储层溶蚀作用发育,储集性较好,灯影组与石龙洞组是主要的储层与潜在勘探目的层,具有较好的油气勘探潜力。  相似文献   

北大巴山与志留纪火山作用相关的碳酸盐岩沉积学特征及形成环境   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

闫臻  王宗起  张英利  向忠金  闫全人  王涛 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):31-40

生物碎屑灰岩、生物礁是造山带内最为常见的岩石类型之一,它们可以形成于多种构造环境。研究这些岩石组合的结构组成及生物赋存状态可为古地理恢复及造山带演化提供依据。分布于北大巴山地区与富TiO2碱性火山岩紧密相关的碳酸盐岩组合长期以来被认为是被动陆缘台地相组合。该套碳酸盐岩组合主要由生物礁、生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、泥质灰岩、角砾灰岩共同构成。砂屑灰岩及生物灰岩中常伴随有薄层凝灰岩夹层;同时这些碳酸盐岩中富含不同比例的火山碎屑成分,发育粒序层理、平行层理、波纹斜层理和滑塌构造。生物碎屑灰岩通常与凝灰质砂岩、泥岩构成韵律层,火山质碎屑在类岩石中主要表现为粒径0.5~3 mm的棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和凝灰岩碎屑,具有近源沉积特征;生物礁中通常出现1~2.5 cm棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩碎屑,且在生物礁之间的砂岩夹层中含有丰富的0.5~1 mm的次圆状玄武岩碎屑;砂屑灰岩中含有棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和辉石两类碎屑,其中辉石碎屑粒径通常为1~2 mm,同时该类岩石中还含有丰富的黄铁矿,这些黄铁矿通常因其粒径变化而发育粒序结构特征。角砾状灰岩可分别由砂屑灰岩、生物礁及生物碎屑灰岩构成,也可由三者共同构成,玄武岩碎屑仅出现于角砾状生物礁灰岩中。这些碳酸盐岩中的生物化石具有曾经历过明显的搬运改造特征,其中生物碎屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩中的化石碎屑以次圆状为主,生物礁中的生物化石平行于砂岩夹层分布且发生不同程度的压扁和挤压变形,岩石中普遍发育滑塌沉积构造。这些特征共同表明,该套碳酸盐岩与下伏的碱性玄武岩形成密切相关,二者共同构成了与现代大洋中典型洋岛/海山相一致的结构特征,且这些碳酸盐岩多沿着下伏玄武岩的周边沉积,具有深水—斜坡环境的沉积组合,同时因其中所包含的生物化石经历了一定距离搬运作用而发生再沉积,进一步表明这些生物发育时代可能要略微早于该套火山—沉积组合的形成时代。  相似文献   

玉树地区让娘贡巴辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年和地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

雍拥  陈文  张彦  刘新宇 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(3):419-426

青海玉树地区出露一套晚古生代—早中生代的蛇绿混杂岩。其中,让娘贡巴辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为258.4±2.9 Ma,表明该岩石形成于晚二叠世。地球化学特征表明,岩石具有富碱,高TiO2、Fe2O3的主量元素特征,稀土元素总量相对较高,富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=5.09~5.52,与原始地幔相比,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、K)及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)。综合研究表明,让娘贡巴辉长岩的形成环境为洋岛,这足以表明,至少在晚二叠世时,玉树地区已经存在洋壳。  相似文献   

内蒙古白云鄂博地区新元古界温都尔庙群洋壳残片特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王继春  肖荣阁  苏士杰  廖蕾  刘少华  梁锋 《地质找矿论丛》2011,26(1):51-57

文章从温都尔庙群岩石组合、岩石化学和同位素年龄特征入手,研究显示该套岩石具有洋中脊拉斑玄武岩的特征;岩石稀土特征表明其形成于陆间小洋盆环境.它属于华北板块北缘中段新元古代构造演化阶段的产物,为研究华北板块北缘地壳演化提供了新的依据.  相似文献   

The Davie Fracture Zone and adjacent basins in the offshore Mozambique Margin – A new insights for the hydrocarbon potential     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The interpretation of 2-D seismic reflection data provides a modern structural framework including hydrocarbon potential in the present-day stratigraphic and structural traps of both the Davie Fracture Zone and the adjacent Nacala and Angoche basins. Possible stratigraphic traps were identified in submarine fan and channel depositional environments during Cretaceous to Tertiary times. Structural traps are mostly defined within compressional structures formed by a variety of fault-related folds and rift grabens within the Jurassic and Cretaceous successions.The Nacala and Angoche basins form two depressions separated by the Davie compressional zone. This compressional structure is a prominent interior high running approximately north-south. An event of transpression and contraction characterizes the main tectonic setting commonly hosting several detached compressional structures along the western edge of the transform zone.Both basins are associated with the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous rifting during the opening of the Mozambique Channel. The Angoche basin is proposed here to have formed by the earliest stage of break-up in mid-Jurassic time. The basin is bounded landward by the Angoche volcanic zone, a dyke swarm branch oriented N64degE forming part of the Karoo and Dronning Maud Land magmatism at c. 180 Ma.Subsequent rifting and break-up led to the drift of East Gondwana southwards along the dextral strike-slip Davie Fracture Zone. At about 150 Ma (Tithonian), East Gondwana appears to have rotated slightly clockwise about a pivot in the proximity of the Angoche basin leading to extension and rifting in the Rovuma basin to the north of the pivot point and compression west of the Davie Fracture Zone to the south. Consequently, the eastern boundary of the Angoche basin was compressed developing a typical growth wedge of massive thrust imbrication structures while extensional tectonics created several depressions and rift-grabens forming the Nacala and Quirimbas basins.Basin stratigraphy is interpreted along seismic reflection lines and correlated to the regional stratigraphic information and wells from the Zambezi Delta and Rovuma basins.  相似文献