山东莱芜九龙山寒武纪张夏组核形石灰岩分类及沉积环境探讨          下载免费PDF全文

迟乃杰  韩作振  单伟  孙雨沁  熊玉新  刘传娥 《山东国土资源》2020,36(2):41-49

核形石灰岩作为微生物岩的一种重要类型,长期受到地质学家的广泛关注;近年来,随着研究的不断深入,有关核形石灰岩分类、沉积环境等的探讨再次成为沉积学研究的热点。通过野外观察描述与室内镜下分析相结合,对山东莱芜九龙山寒武纪张夏组产出的核形石灰岩进行系统研究。根据核形石灰岩的宏观特征、共生组分及其含量等特征,将该地区产出的含核形石的灰岩分为:生屑质核形石灰岩、含生屑核形石灰岩、含核形石生屑灰岩与含核形石鲕粒灰岩4类,同时对4种含核形石灰岩的沉积环境进行系统分析,主要为潮下低能带与潮下高能带,并简要分析了该地区核形石灰岩的形成过程。  相似文献   

陕西渭北东部区新生代伸展构造网络系统对奥灰水的控制作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈昌彦  王思敬  王贵荣  黄克兴 《地质力学学报》1996,2(4):21-30

本文以新活动论构造观和系统论为指导,建立了渭北东部区新生代伸展构造系统模式,并以岩体结构控制论为基础,系统地讨论了本区构造网络系统对奥陶系灰岩的空间分布、奥陶系灰岩地下水水文地质单元的边界条件、奥灰水单元的补、径、排特征及其富集等方面的控制作用以及宏观指导意义。最后,系统地提出了导水构造网络系统控水的实质。   相似文献   

Renovation of a failed constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage     

C.D. Barton  A.D. Karathanasis 《Environmental Geology》1999,39(1):39-50

 Acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned underground mines significantly impairs water quality in the Jones Branch watershed in McCreary Co., Kentucky, USA. A 1022-m² surface-flow wetland was constructed in 1989 to reduce the AMD effects, however, the system failed after six months due to insufficient utilization of the treatment area, inadequate alkalinity production and metal overloading. In an attempt to improve treatment efficiencies, a renovation project was designed incorporating two anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and a series of anaerobic subsurface drains that promote vertical flow of mine water through a successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) of limestone beds overlain by organic compost. Analytical results from the 19-month post-renovation period are very encouraging. Mean iron concentrations have decreased from 787 to 39 mg l^–1, pH increased from 3.38 to 6.46 and acidity has been reduced from 2244 to 199 mg l^–1 (CaCO₃ equivalent). Mass removal rates averaged 98% for Al, 95% for Fe, 94% for acidity, 55% for sulfate and 49% for Mn during the study period. The results indicate that increased alkalinity production from limestone dissolution and longer residence time have contributed to sufficient buffering and metal retention. The combination of ALDs and SAPS technologies used in the renovation and the sequence in which they were implemented within the wetland system proved to be an adequate and very promising design for the treatment of this and other sources of high metal load AMD. Received: 29 June 1998 · Accepted: 15 September 1998  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶系马家沟组四段豹斑状云质灰岩特征及成因: 以关家崖剖面为例^*     

许杰  肖笛  苏文杰  晏巍  钟寿康  杨鸣一  杨梦颖  谭秀成 《古地理学报》1999,24(2):261-277

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘中奥陶统马家沟组发育豹斑状云质灰岩,因其分布广泛、成因复杂以及具有重要的油气储集意义而长期受到关注。文中以山西省兴县关家崖剖面马家沟组四段顶部为例,依据宏观、微观岩石学特征,结合碳氧稳定同位素、原位激光剥蚀的微量稀土元素等地球化学分析手段,分析了豹斑状云质灰岩的特征及其成因。研究表明,豹斑状云质灰岩的特征为: (1)常发育于(含颗粒)泥晶灰岩中,且向上白云石化程度增强,云质斑块内常伴有针状或板条状石膏假晶;(2)按产状可大致分为水平、斜交和不规则花斑3种类型,分别对应于向上变浅序列的下部、中部和上部,序列顶部多见近原地角砾化;(3)基质灰岩与云质斑块的δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O值较同期海水略显负偏,顶部不规则云质斑块负偏程度最大;(4)“豹斑”与基质灰岩均具有较低的Mn、Sr、Ba等含量和低Mn/Sr值;(5)“豹斑”的ΣREE含量较基质灰岩略低,且皆表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的稀土配分模式,δCe微弱负异常,δEu无异常。依据上述结果,推测关家崖剖面马四段豹斑状云质灰岩产状受到生物扰动和高频海平面驱动的早成岩期岩溶耦合控制,序列由下至上耦合改造由弱变强,形成下—中部以岩溶影响较小的水平和斜交虫迹为特征、上部叠合岩溶强改造形成不规则花斑的垂向序列组合;早成岩期的暴露岩溶不仅叠合改造生物潜穴,而且蒸发浓缩的有限重卤水沿叠合优势通道优先交代孔渗条件更好的区域,至埋藏时期白云石化作用进一步加强,从而形成了区内类型多样的豹斑状云质灰岩。研究结果还揭示出沉积期微地貌控制的早成岩期岩溶作用是马四段这类特殊的豹斑状云质灰岩或豹斑状云岩储集层形成的关键,且在很大程度上控制了这类储集层的分布,这一认识可为高频暴露驱动的早成岩期岩溶研究提供新的材料。  相似文献   

高温高压条件下铁岭灰岩晶包有机质的饱和烃演化特征   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

解启来  周中毅 《地球化学》1999,28(5):487-495

对铁岭灰岩抽提除去沥青“Ａ”后的残渣进行高温高压模拟实验,模拟实验研究表明,晶包有机质的释放与温度与温度和压力有关,高压有利于晶包有机质释放。晶包有机质和干酪根主要释放出低碳数烷烃,Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７、Ｐｈ－ｎＣ１８在热演化过程中变化不大,Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ则波动较大。  相似文献   

地下深部灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄家会  宋雷 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(6):57-59

灰岩中岩溶和裂隙发育规律研究是研究陷落柱发育规律的基础,研究结果表明在单孔雷达反射图像上岩溶和裂隙反映清晰,单孔雷达反射法用于灰岩岩石特性研究效果显著,该研究成果填补了国内灰岩岩石特性的单孔雷达反射研究的空白,为地下深处灰岩岩石特性高分辨率探测开辟了新途径。  相似文献   

Silica diagenesis in Eocene shallow-water platform carbonates, southern Pyrenees   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jordi Giménez-Montsant  Francesc Calvet  & Maurice E. Tucker 《Sedimentology》1999,46(6):969-984

Spectacularly developed lower Eocene chert in the Corones platform carbonates of the Spanish Pyrenees is concentrated within a restricted, brackish-water, laminated ostracod-rich facies, which also contains abundant sponge spicules. The chert occurs as nodular, bedded and mottled varieties, and four petrographic types of quartz are developed: microquartz; length-fast (LF) chalcedony; megaquartz; and microspheres. δ¹⁸O values of chert range from 29·6‰ to 30·9‰ (SMOW), which correspond to a broad isotope rank common for biogenic and diagenetic replacement cherts. Calcian dolomite crystals with high Fe and Na are disseminated within the microquartz and LF-chalcedony, but are absent from the megaquartz and host carbonate. The chert is closely associated with desiccation cracks and with interstratal dewatering structures. Load casts are silicified, and laminae rich in sponge spicules are convoluted. Early cracks related to dewatering are filled by microquartz and quartz cements. Ostracod shells within chert are locally fractured; those in the host carbonate are commonly flattened. Late fractures are filled by LF-chalcedony and megaquartz. There is much evidence for the dissolution of sponge spicules and their calcitization in the carbonate host rock. Silica for the Corones cherts was derived from sponges during early diagenesis and shallow burial. Early mechanical compaction and sediment dewatering played a major role in sponge spicule dissolution, migration of silica-rich fluids and the consequent precipitation of chert. Quartz cements continued to be precipitated into the burial environment.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中寒武统张夏组鲕粒滩相储层特征及主控因素     

李维岭  周进高  吴兴宁  吴东旭  王少依  丁振纯  于洲 《海相油气地质》2021,26(1)

鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系深层具有良好的勘探潜力,中寒武统张夏组为寒武系勘探的重要目的层系。通过野外剖面详测和岩心、薄片观察及实验分析,对张夏组储层的特征、成因及主控因素进行了分析和研究,并预测了有利储层发育区。研究表明:①张夏组主要发育台缘鲕粒白云岩和台内鲕粒白云岩2类储层。②台缘带鲕粒滩累计厚度集中在50~300 m之间,鲕粒粒径平均为1.25 mm,鲕粒白云岩储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、粒间溶孔和晶间(溶)孔为主,平均测井孔隙度和渗透率分别为2.0%和0.038×10^-3μm²。③台内鲕粒滩厚度在50~120 m之间,鲕粒粒径平均为0.85 mm,鲕粒白云岩储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、粒间溶孔为主,平均测井孔隙度和渗透率分别为3.3%和2.787×10^-3μm²。④张夏组储层受鲕粒滩相、白云石化以及三级/四级层序界面控制,台缘规模有利储层发育在四级海退层序中上部的鲕粒白云岩地层中,台内规模有利储层发育在寒武系顶部不整合面之下的鲕粒白云岩地层中。预测台缘岐山—旬邑一带和台内陇东地区为两大规模有利储层发育区。  相似文献   

二叠纪—三叠纪之交凝块石（微生物岩）的沉积成岩过程——以华南广西百色地区作登剖面为例     

郭业达  杨浩 《沉积学报》2020,38(1):104-112

二叠纪末大灭绝之后,在我国华南地区广泛发育了一套钙质微生物岩,这套微生物岩以凝块石为主,代表了大灭绝事件后特殊环境下的生物沉积建造。早期对凝块石的分布以及沉积特征有详细研究。通过镜下显微观察,阴极发光照相,背散射成像以及探针元素分析,对凝块石的显微特征进行了详细研究。通过对凝块石中化石的分布,矿物组成以及元素分布规律观察,对比现代凝块石沉积成岩过程总结了二叠纪末凝块石的沉积成岩过程,即早期生长阶段,沉积阶段,早期成岩阶段和后期成岩阶段。清晰的凝块石的沉积成岩过程为解析该时期微生物沉积建造打下基础。  相似文献   

Limestone Dissolution Processes in Beke Doline Aggtelek National Park,Hungary     

L. Zambo  D. C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(6):531-543

Aggtelek National Park, Hungary, is a limestone karst upland characterized by karren, dolines and river caves. For a period of two years, climatic and carbonate dissolution variables were monitored at four depths in a 7·5 m shaft through the soil fill in the floor of a typical large (150 m diameter) doline. Results are compared to other monitoring stations in the shallow soils on side slopes. Runoff and groundwater flow are focused into the base of the doline soil fill, where moisture is maintained at 70–90 per cent field capacity and temperatures permit year-round production of soil CO₂. The capacity to dissolve calcite (limestone) ranges from c. 3 g m⁻² per year beneath thin soils on the driest slopes to 17–30 g m⁻² per year in the top 1–2 m of doline fill and at its base 5–7 m below. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献