全文获取类型
收费全文 | 772篇 |
免费 | 149篇 |
国内免费 | 137篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 128篇 |
大气科学 | 190篇 |
地球物理 | 174篇 |
地质学 | 336篇 |
海洋学 | 91篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 66篇 |
自然地理 | 70篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 50篇 |
2011年 | 56篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1058条查询结果,搜索用时 198 毫秒
991.
Evaluation of stochastic reservoir operation optimization models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper investigates the performance of seven stochastic models used to define optimal reservoir operating policies. The models are based on implicit (ISO) and explicit stochastic optimization (ESO) as well as on the parameterization–simulation–optimization (PSO) approach. The ISO models include multiple regression, two-dimensional surface modeling and a neuro-fuzzy strategy. The ESO model is the well-known and widely used stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) technique. The PSO models comprise a variant of the standard operating policy (SOP), reservoir zoning, and a two-dimensional hedging rule. The models are applied to the operation of a single reservoir damming an intermittent river in northeastern Brazil. The standard operating policy is also included in the comparison and operational results provided by deterministic optimization based on perfect forecasts are used as a benchmark. In general, the ISO and PSO models performed better than SDP and the SOP. In addition, the proposed ISO-based surface modeling procedure and the PSO-based two-dimensional hedging rule showed superior overall performance as compared with the neuro-fuzzy approach. 相似文献
992.
Probabilistic reservoir operation using Bayesian stochastic model and support vector machine 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Available water resources are often not sufficient or too polluted to satisfy the needs of all water users. Therefore, allocating water to meet water demands with better quality is a major challenge in reservoir operation. In this paper, a methodology to develop operating strategies for water release from a reservoir with acceptable quality and quantity is presented. The proposed model includes a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization model linked with a reservoir water quality simulation model. The objective function of the optimization model is based on the Nash bargaining theory to maximize the reliability of supplying the downstream demands with acceptable quality, maintaining a high reservoir storage level, and preventing quality degradation of the reservoir. In order to reduce the run time of the GA-based optimization model, the main optimization model is divided into a stochastic and a deterministic optimization model for reservoir operation considering water quality issues.The operating policies resulted from the reservoir operation model with the water quantity objective are used to determine the released water ranges (permissible lower and upper bounds of release policies) during the planning horizon. Then, certain values of release and the optimal releases from each reservoir outlet are determined utilizing the optimization model with water quality objectives. The support vector machine (SVM) model is used to generate the operating rules for the selective withdrawal from the reservoir for real-time operation. The results show that the SVM model can be effectively used in determining water release from the reservoir. Finally, the copula function was used to estimate the joint probability of supplying the water demand with desirable quality as an evaluation index of the system reliability. The proposed method was applied to the Satarkhan reservoir in the north-western part of Iran. The results of the proposed models are compared with the alternative models. The results show that the proposed models could be used as effective tools in reservoir operation. 相似文献
993.
Optimization of the Sefid-Roud Dam desiltation process using a sophisticated one-dimensional numerical model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ali KHOSRONEJAD 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(2):189-200
Although water and soil conservation activities reduce reservoir sedimentation, it is inevitable that reservoirs fed by rivers transporting high amounts of sediment will experience sedimentation. The Ghezel-Ozan and Shah-Roud rivers, which flow to the Sefld-Roud reservoir dam, are both highly sediment-laden and transport significant amounts of sediment in both bed load and suspended load forms to the reservoir. Hence, it seems that the only practical way to remove the sediment from the reservoir is to flush it out using the Chasse method. In the present paper, field measurements of Chasse operation characteristics taken in previous years are presented, and a numerical model that simulates this process is introduced. After calibrating the model using field measured data, the calculated results (for reservoir pressure flushing and released sediment volume) of the numerical model were compared with other measured data for the same Chasse operation and the results agree well. Finally, using the numerical simulation results, the best approaches to ensure highly effective flushing while conserving reservoir water are presented (at least for the Sefid-Roud dam). The operation of the bottom outlet gates, the shape of the output hydrograph, and the reservoir water level variation during flushing were optimized. In addition, the numerical model and related parameters, which need to be calibrated, are discussed. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
997.
998.
多边形是GIS研究和应用中使用最频繁的几何对象,该文描述了基于简单要素模型的任意多边形分割算法。从计算几何出发,结合GIS空间数据的特点,将基于简单要素模型的多边形分割算法设计为:1)对多边形及分割线的边界排序,基于扫描线及外包矩形检测查找可能相交的线段,提高相交线段的搜索效率;2)计算交点生成结点信息(包括交点坐标、线号及交点的出入),并存储在独立的单向链表中;3)根据结点链表和原多边形坐标搜索结果多边形。该算法能够分割任意简单多边形(凹凸、曲线边界和带洞的多边形)以及有共享边的多边形。最后在MapGIS7.0平台上,实现了基于简单要素类的多边形分割功能。 相似文献
999.
从马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)插核部位蘸取组织液分离弧菌,研究插核手术前后室内休养3 d时伤口部位弧菌类型的变化,比较使用不同小片和珠核处理液对手术伤口部位弧菌类型的影响。形态和生理生化特征分型和鉴定结果显示,插核前和休养期贝样上分离的优势弧菌类型无明显差异,只是休养期弧菌的分离频率有所下降;从术后不同处理组的马氏珠母贝伤口上均分离得到7个类型弧菌,弧菌所属的种类也一致,而从未插核的对照组相应部位上只分离到4个类型弧菌,除未分离到副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)外,对照组与两个处理组贝样上分离到的弧菌种类基本上一致。 相似文献
1000.
数字化城市管理一体化数据建设研究——以郑州市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据数字化城市管理对数据建设的要求,以及郑州市基础地理数据及城市管理数据现状情况,结合郑州市国土、规划等部门对基础地理空间数据的需求,本文提出了数字化城市管理数据建设一体化作业流程,将1∶500航测地形图、1∶1 000正射影像制作、城市部件测量、地理编码调查、以及数据综合建库等内容,按照其关联性进行流程设计和一体化实施。它充分利用了数字化航测成图、城市部件采集与建库、地理编码采集与建库在作业工序上的交互性,为较短时间内完成大范围城市基础地理空间数据、城市管理专题数据采集与建库提供了保证,满足了数字化城市管理、城市地籍测量等对基础空间数据的迫切需求。实践证明,一体化数据建设方案充分反映了数据之间的逻辑关系和共享可能性,既加快了数据建设进程、拓展了数据建设内容,同时又保证了数据建设质量,是一种可供借鉴应用的数据建设方式。 相似文献