A bimodal four‐parameter lognormal linear model of soil water repellency persistence     

C. M. Regalado  A. Ritter 《水文研究》2009,23(6):881-892

Soil water repellency may be characterized in terms of the delayed infiltration time of a water droplet resting on the soil surface, which is, water drop penetration time (WDPT), or repellency persistence. Such repellency persistence varies nonlinearly with soil water content (θ_g), although no models have been proposed to reproduce the variation of WDPT with θ_g in soils. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) is used to identify two common patterns of unexplained variability in a scattered dataset of WDPT versus θ_g measurements. A four‐parameter lognormal distribution was fitted to both common patterns obtained by DFA, and these were combined additively in a weighted multiple linear bimodal model. We show how such an empirical model is capable of reproducing a large variety of WDPT versus θ_g curve shapes (N = 80) both within a wide range of measured WDPTs (0–17 000 s) and for samples with organic matter content ranging from 21·7 to 80·6 g (100 g)^?1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of matter-element model in soil nutrient evaluation of ecological fragile region     

Jie Tang  Chenye Wang  Nianfeng Lin  Zhaoyang Li  Haiyi Li  Zilong Mao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(2):168-176

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da'an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.  相似文献   

土壤侵蚀危险度的计算与影响因子分析——以福建安溪红壤水土流失区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐劲林  查轩 《地球信息科学学报》2009,11(5):577-584

随着国家对生态环境的重视和水土保持科学的发展,有关土壤侵蚀危险性评价的研究越来越重要。本文对土壤侵蚀危险度评价的一般方法进行了改进。首先,分析了安溪县各强度等级的土壤侵蚀在高程、坡度、土地利用类型和土壤类型的面积分布情况,计算了不同高程带、不同坡度、不同土地利用类型和土壤类型的土壤侵蚀综合指数然后,以各影响因子的土壤侵蚀综合指数为权重,计算了不同侵蚀影响因子在安溪县各子流域的土壤侵蚀危险度,既避免了权重确定的主观性,又保证了土壤侵蚀危险度的计算适合当地的实际情况,从而明确了各子流域土壤侵蚀发生的可能程度最后,依据土壤侵蚀危险度和土壤侵蚀强度的分布规律,对整个研究区进行了水土保持分区,提出了治理方向。  相似文献   

Generating soil thickness maps by means of geomorphological-empirical approach and random forest algorithm in Wanzhou County,Three Gorges Reservoir     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101514

Soil thickness, intended as depth to bedrock, is a key input parameter for many environmental models. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to obtain a reliable spatially exhaustive soil thickness map in wide-area applications, and existing prediction models have been extensively applied only to test sites with shallow soil depths. This study addresses this limitation by showing the results of an application to a section of Wanzhou County (Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China), where soil thickness varies from 0 to ～40 m. Two different approaches were used to derive soil thickness maps: a modified version of the geomorphologically indexed soil thickness (GIST) model, purposely customized to better account for the peculiar setting of the test site, and a regression performed with a machine learning algorithm, i.e., the random forest, combined with the geomorphological parameters of GIST (GIST-RF). Additionally, the errors of the two models were quantified, and validation with geophysical data was carried out. The results showed that the GIST model could not fully contend with the high spatial variability of soil thickness in the study area: the mean absolute error was 10.68 m with the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 12.61 m, and the frequency distribution residuals showed a tendency toward underestimation. In contrast, GIST-RF returned a better performance with the mean absolute error of 3.52 m and RMSE of 4.56 m. The derived soil thickness map could be considered a critical fundamental input parameter for further analyses.  相似文献   

模拟厌氧水稻土中氮、砷变化及迁移研究     

蒙薪赟  赵嘉  刘璟 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(2):275-284

矿渣和酸性矿山废水的排放会使矿区周围的农田受到污染。为研究厌氧条件下矿区农田中氮和砷之间的联系,本文通过摇瓶实验探究了含砷水铁矿在厌氧含氮农田中释放的砷形态的变化,通过柱实验探究了水稻生长对氮、砷形态和浓度的影响。研究结果发现,在厌氧条件下,外源氮的加入促进了砷污染水稻土中As(Ⅴ)的还原,使生成的As(Ⅲ)浓度最高达396μg/L;在柱实验模拟的厌氧农田不同层位中,水稻的生长过程促进了氮和砷的还原以及砷向下层位的迁移,使装置中的As(Ⅲ)浓度最高达517μg/L;摇瓶实验和柱实验在相近的厌氧条件下,NO^-₃的存在能够直接参与As(Ⅴ)还原。研究结果为农田砷污染的治理提供了一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

非饱和土地基中复合多层波阻板对S波的隔离效应     

舒进辉  马强  常立君 《岩土力学》2023,44(1):217-231

基于弹性波在非饱和多孔介质与单相弹性介质中的传播理论,考虑在非饱和土地基中设置一定厚度的复合多层波阻板（复合多层波阻板以3层为例）,利用Helmholtz矢量分解定理,推导了非饱和土地基中S波通过复合多层波阻板的透射、反射振幅比的解析解。通过数值算例,分析了层间波阻板剪切模量和密度等物理力学参数对非饱和土地基中S波通过复合多层波阻板时传播特性的影响规律。结果表明：复合多层波阻板中层间波阻板材料的剪切模量和密度对透反射系数影响显著。复合多层波阻板是一种有效的隔振屏障,严格控制层间波阻板的剪切模量和密度可以获得最佳隔振效果,这为复合多层波阻板在地基振动控制领域中的应用提供理论指导。  相似文献   

靖远地区大厚度黄土地基浸水湿陷过程及土中竖向应力特征试验研究     

刘德仁  安政山  徐硕昌  王旭  张转军  金芯  张严 《岩土力学》2023,44(1):268-278

为了研究靖远大厚度黄土在浸水条件下的水分入渗规律和自重湿陷变形特征,在中兰铁路沿线的靖远北站黄土自重湿陷场地进行了不打注水孔的现场浸水试验,监测并分析了地表及地下湿陷变形、试坑周围裂缝、含水率和土中竖向应力变化情况,对水分扩散规律、自重湿陷特性和土中竖向应力变化规律进行了研究,并对地区修正系数β0值和浸润角进行了探讨。结果表明：体积含水率变化分为浸水稳定（2个）、快速增加（1个）和缓慢增加（1个）共4个阶段;浸水过程中,水分在21m处竖向入渗加快、径向扩散减缓,湿润峰最终形态呈现为椭圆状。根据探井和钻孔含水率测试结果,推算出浸润角最大为41°。该场地黄土自重湿陷过程历经剧烈湿陷、缓慢湿陷和固结稳定3个阶段。试验结束时共计发展了13圈环状裂缝,裂缝最远处距试坑边缘26m。根据室内试验和现场测试结果,建议地区修正系数沿土层深度进行修正,0～10m内β0值取1.05,10～27 m内β0值取0.95。在地表至21 m深度范围内,地基土浸水饱和且湿陷充分,土中竖向应力沿深度呈线性增加,土中竖向应力接近饱和自重应力,21m以下的地基土未能充分湿陷,土中竖向应力逐渐减小。该研究成果可应用于中兰铁路...  相似文献   

基于高密度电阻率法的土体干缩裂隙动态发育过程精细监测研究     

章君政唐朝生巩学鹏周启友程青吕超施斌 《岩土力学》2023,(2):392-402

土体在气候作用下发育干缩裂隙是一种常见的自然现象,裂隙的存在会极大弱化土体的工程性质,诱发许多岩土与地质工程问题。为了实时掌握黏性土中干缩裂隙网络的发展状态,提出了一套基于高密度电阻率层析成像技术（ERT）的土体干缩裂隙动态发展过程精细监测方法。分别开展模型试验及原位试验,利用自行研制的测定系统持续采集电流-电位差数据,随后利用自行开发的有限元法电阻率层析成像（FemERT）系统进行数据处理,获取了裂隙网络在不同发育阶段的空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）ERT可以实现土体裂隙发育过程的精细监测,具备监测三维裂隙网络几何形态的能力,裂隙宽度的识别精度达到毫米级,裂隙深度的识别精度达到厘米级;（2）ERT的感度分布特征解释了裂隙发育对于土体电阻率的影响规律,测定电阻值时程曲线因裂隙产生位置的不同而呈现不同的变化规律;（3）反演电阻率及其相对变化率（Rev）可以直观表征裂隙网络在不同阶段的空间几何形态,凸显裂隙动态发育过程对于土体导电性的影响。  相似文献   

卸荷-增孔压条件下花岗岩残积土的力学特性     

舒荣军  孔令伟  周振华  简涛  李甜果 《岩土力学》2023,(2):473-482

建（构）筑物因土中孔隙水压力升高而失稳破坏的情形屡见不鲜,常剪应力增孔压试验是相关研究的常用手段,但迄今鲜见考虑施工期开挖卸荷影响的试验研究。为探究初始卸荷对花岗岩残积土增孔压过程力学行为的影响,在常规增孔压试验中增加了初始卸荷阶段,开展了一系列考虑初始卸荷程度和卸荷滞时影响的卸荷-增孔压试验,分析土体变形、屈服和强度特性的初始卸荷效应与卸荷滞时效应,并与常规增孔压试验结果对比以揭示初始应力路径的影响。试验结果表明：增孔压过程的变形发展具有明显的阶段性,土体屈服后因其剪胀潜势和变形迅速而产生负超静孔压增量,有效平均应力转而增大;初始卸荷对增孔压过程土体力学性能具有明显的劣化作用,表现为刚度与屈服强度均随初始卸荷程度的增大而衰减;与被动压缩这种“加荷”式应力路径相比,初始卸荷的不利影响更为显著;土体力学性能的劣化随卸荷滞时的增长而加剧;屈服摩擦角随初始卸荷程度的增大逐渐减小,但始终大于临界状态摩擦角。  相似文献   

南宁膨胀土持水性能的温度效应及微观机制     

曾召田  崔哲旗  孙德安  姚志  潘斌 《岩土力学》2023,(8):2177-2185

采用蒸汽平衡法测定了4种温度(T=5、25、40、60℃)条件下Whatman No.42滤纸的率定曲线,建立了考虑温度影响的双线性率定曲线方程,发现滤纸的持水性能随温度升高而降低,且温度对率定曲线高吸力段滤纸持水性能的影响要弱于低吸力段。在此基础上,以南宁膨胀土为研究对象,使用滤纸法测定了不同温度作用下膨胀土试样的土-水特征曲线。试验结果表明,随着温度的升高,膨胀土持水性能下降,但温度的影响幅度会随着吸力的增大而减弱,当基质吸力达到40MPa时,不同温度下试样的体积含水率并没有明显变化,即此时温度对膨胀土的持水性能变化几乎无影响。为解释上述宏观现象,选取部分试样进行了压汞试验和吸附结合水试验,并根据试验结果从土体中各相及各相界面相互耦合作用的物理机制角度阐述了南宁膨胀土持水性能的温度效应及微观机制。  相似文献