Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Zaihua Liu  Qiang Li  Hailong Sun  Changjun Liao  Huaju Li  Jinliang Wang  Kongyun Wu 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(2):103-121

Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of 1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃⁻, calcite saturation index, and CO₂ partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream. In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO₂ degassing) during day time and consumption of CO₂ due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release of CO₂ by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO₂ production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed. The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow out of water.  相似文献   

Faulted backfold versus reactivated backthrust: the role of inherited structures during late extension in the frontal Piémont nappes east of Pelvoux (Western Alps)     

Pierre Tricart  Christian Sue 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(5):827-840

In the central part of the internal Western Alps, widespread multidirectional normal faulting resulted in an orogen-scale radial extension during the Neogene. We revisit the frontal Piémont units, between Doire and Ubaye, where contrasting lithologies allow analysing the interference with the N–S trending Oligocene compressive structures. A major extensional structure is the orogen-perpendicular Chenaillet graben, whose development was guided by an E–W trending transfer fault zone between the Chaberton backfold to the north and the Rochebrune backthrust to the south. The Chaberton hinge zone was passively crosscut by planar normal faults, resulting in a E–W trending step-type structure. Within the Rochebrune nappe, E–W trending listric normal faults bound tilted blocks that slipped northward along the basal backthrust surface reactivated as an extensional detachment. Gravity-driven gliding is suggested by the general northward tilting of the structure in relation with the collapse of the Chenaillet graben. The stress tensors computed from brittle deformation analysis confirm the predominance of orogen-parallel extension in the entire frontal Piémont zone. This can be compared with the nearby Briançonnnais nappe stack where the extensional reactivation of thrust surfaces locally resulted in prominent orogen-perpendicular extension. Such a contrasting situation illustrates how the main direction of the late-Alpine extension may be regionally governed by the nature and orientation of the pre-existing structures inherited from the main collision stage.  相似文献   

苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用及其P-T-t轨迹   总被引：23，自引：25，他引：23  

张泽明张金凤  游振东沈昆 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):257-270

基于超高压变质岩的岩石学,特别是超高压矿物生长成分环带、扩散环带和蚀变作用研究,综合前人的岩石学和年代学研究成果,提出苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用峰期发生在1000-1100℃和6-7GPa条件下,俯冲深度相当于200km,形成年代为240-250Ma。在此基础上,重塑了一个包括八期变质作用的P-T-t轨迹,揭示出超高压变质岩经历了三个不同的折返阶段,即从200km到100km深度的快速折返阶段,抬升速率为5km/Ma,冷却速率为10℃/Ma;从100km到30km的快速折返,抬升速率为4km/Ma,或为近等温降压,或为缓慢降温的快速降压过程;从下地壳到近地表的缓慢折返阶段,抬升速率为1km/Ma,但为快速降温过程,冷却速率可达20℃/Ma。  相似文献   

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高林志  赵汀  万渝生  赵逊  马寅生  杨守政 《地质通报》2005,24(12):1089-1093

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。  相似文献   

大别造山带地壳泊松比结构与超高压变质带—来自宽角反射与近垂直反射剖面的启示   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李英康  董树文等 《地质论评》2002,48(1):15-23

综合宽角反射、近垂直反射的探测结果和有关地质资料，对大别造山带地壳结构和超高压变质带研究显示：大别造山带地壳具有层块结构特征。沿安义－庄墓剖面，上地壳有7个弹性块体，中地壳有5个，下地壳有4个。扬子与华北地块的主缝合带是超高压变质带，扬子地块与大别造山带的现今分界线是与郯庐断裂相交的太湖－马庙断裂，磨子潭－晓天断裂是大别造山带的北界，北淮阳构造带呈楔状向下插入，它与华北地块的分界是肥中断裂。郯庐断裂在中、上地壳近于直立，下地壳向西倾斜。超高压变质带的厚度为5－7km，产状向北插入到北大别块体之下，折返过程是构造就位，不是大别山的均匀抬升，折返的主运动面是水吼－五河高温剪切带。  相似文献   

辽西地区燕山板内造山带东段中生代逆冲推覆构造   总被引：35，自引：3，他引：35       下载免费PDF全文

张长厚  王根厚等 《地质学报》2002,76(1):64-76

本文厘定并阐述了辽西地区燕山中生代板内造山带东段发育的推覆构造的宏观构造格局、运动学特征、形成时代和形成过程；探讨了形成该构造体系的区域构造背景及其大地构造意义。该区的逆冲构造系统由6条主干逆冲断层组成。分布于西北和东南缘的两条最外缘逆冲断层走向为ENE，居于其间的逆冲断层呈NNE-NE，而且，向东北和南西方向这些断层具有汇合的趋势。在东北端收敛于凌源-东官营子断裂（“内蒙地轴”南缘断裂）上，而在西南端则汇拢于大屯-锦州断裂及其西延的密云-喜峰口断裂。总体上构成一个类似于双重构造（duplex)的巨型逆冲系统。该区逆冲作用始于中侏罗世之前，于株罗纪末达到高峰并基本形成了本区的推覆构造格局。本区逆冲断层系统，总体逆冲方向指向南东，与燕山板内造山带中段、西段以向北、北西逆冲为主的逆冲推覆构造明显不同。结合燕山中段发现的近东西向右行走滑断裂系统及其与本区逆冲推覆构造体系的时-空关系分析，指出本区逆冲推覆构造的形成，是没燕山东西向构造带右行走滑作用因构造方向的改变发生构造转换的结果。  相似文献   

秦岭造山带勉略缝合带构造变形与造山过程   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23  

李三忠  李亚林等 《地质学报》2002,76(4):469-483

秦岭晚古生代以来造山过程中的构造变形研究对建立华北板块与华南板块之间的最终拼合过程尤为重要。为此，选择勉略带进行了详细的野外调查，对其物质组成，几何学结构，变形序列，运动学和动力学作了系统解剖，认为：勉略带是有一定宽度，由一定实体组成的蛇构造混杂岩带，它包括不同时代，不同构造背景，不同起源的一系列构造岩片，如：基底岩片组，洋壳岩片组，岛弧岩片组，碰撞构造沉积楔形体，大陆边缘岩片组，它们被一系列的北倾南冲的断裂分割。勉略带到－高川段的北倾南冲逆冲断裂和勉略带北部南倾北冲的逆冲断裂组合成为现今不对称的正花状几何学结构，但勉略带的北界状元碑断裂和南界 到－略阳断裂走滑特征明显。结合勉略带邻区的构造特征，分别对带内重要断裂及岩片的构造解析表明，除主造山的大地构造演化阶段外，可将勉略带构造变形序列及演化历程总体归纳为三大阶段：俯冲变形阶段，主造山碰撞变形阶段的陆内造山调整变形阶段，并对不同变表阶段的时限，变形特征，运动学和动力学分别作了描述；最后针对该区复杂的楔入，挤出（逃逸）走滑，逆冲过程，提出了一个统一的动力学演化模式。  相似文献   

Tectonic Subdivision of Dabie Orogenic Belt,Central China：Evidence from Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic Basalts     

匡少平  张本仁 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(2):147-155

It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) in combination with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb), being divided into the North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, previous researchers suggested that the pro-EW-trending Dabie crogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of the North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of the Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.936−18.349,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.500−15.688,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.399−38.775) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of the Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is of the Yangtze type. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions between crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying a complicated evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49794043) and the Open Laboratory of Constitution, Interaction and Dynamics of the Crust-Mantle System, China.  相似文献   

Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jianzhong FENG  Dongbo WANG  Xueming WANG  Shicai SHAO  Tifeng LI 《Resource Geology》2002,52(3):263-272

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.  相似文献   

To afforest the desert with the technology of peat composed of rotten mosses and the sustainable development of the oases     

王周琼 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(Z1)

Only by providing the good conditions for the growth of plants can a favorable ecologicalenvironment on which human beings rely for existence be created. The upside-down-T dou-ble-layer water-conserving afforestation way is developed according to the situation of the short-age of water resources, low soil fertility and vast land in the arid areas. The characteristics of theafforestation way are to change the microenvironment in the root area of the plants, provide thefavorable conditions for the growth of plants, and reduce the necessary conditions for the growth ofplants in large areas in the arid regions. Meanwhile, the size of its water-conserving layer can bechanged according to the size of the planted trees. The different ways of the bottom wa-ter-conserving layer can be used according to the requirements. The afforestation way is suitablefor planting trees on a small scale and also for afforesting on a large scale under the adverse cir-cumstances in the arid areas, and has been effectively used in the afforestation in the hinterland ofTaklamakan Desert and the southern marginal zone of Gurbantonggut Desert. The prospects ofthe afforestation way are broad in afforestation and desertification control in the desert regions.  相似文献