沙冬青种子萌发期抗逆性研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

马彦军  段慧荣  曹致中  李毅 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):963-967

 利用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG)和NaCl溶液处理沙冬青种子,测定种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗叶片电导率、可溶性蛋白含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,随着胁迫强度增加,沙冬青种子萌发能力下降,幼苗叶片电导率上升,MDA含量上升。PEG浓度由5%升至15%时可溶性蛋白质含量上升,超过15%时,可溶性蛋白含量下降; NaCl浓度在0到1.5%范围内,沙冬青幼苗可溶性蛋白含量随NaCl浓度增大而上升。对两种胁迫条件下生长及生理指标的综合分析表明,沙冬青在种子萌发期和幼苗期有较强的抗旱和抗盐能力。  相似文献   

An evaluation of the osmotic method of controlling suction∗     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):1-11

Experimental techniques of testing the mechanical properties of unsaturated soils are complex and difficult to conduct. As a consequence, complete sets of parameters that characterise the behaviour of unsaturated soils remain scarce and necessary. In this context, it has been found useful to gather the information obtained after some years of practice of the osmotic technique of controlling suction. As compared to the more documented axis-translation technique, the osmotic technique has its own advantages and drawbacks that are discussed in this paper, together with some potential future developments.

The osmotic method has been developed by soil scientists in the 1960s and adapted to geotechnical testing in the early 1970s. This paper presents the osmotic technique and comments on its advantages (including suction condition close to reality and higher suctions easily attained) and drawbacks (including some concern with the membrane resistance and some membrane effects in the suction/concentration calibration). Various applications to geotechnical testing are presented such as the determination of the water retention curve, oedometer and triaxial testing procedures and the determination of the permeability of unsaturated soils. Recent developments, that include the extension of the method up to high suctions (10 MPa) are also described, together with some recent and novel applications such as data from high controlled suction oedometer compression test and the determination of the oil/water retention properties of oil reservoir chalks.  相似文献   

天津高新区117大厦超长桩钻孔施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

聂金玲 《探矿工程》2012,39(6):64-67

天津高新区中央商务区117大厦桩基设计为超长桩,质量要求高,施工难度大。施工过程中通过对孔口护筒埋设、泥浆质量、孔内液面高度、孔位偏差、钻孔垂直度和孔底沉渣的有效控制,不仅钻孔质量达到设计要求,而且钻孔效率高,成本较低。介绍了117大厦超长钻孔灌注桩工程的施工情况,其经验可供类似工程借鉴。  相似文献   

非饱和黄土基质吸力的变化     

张楠  计博勋 《吉林地质》2012,31(2):137-142

天然状态下存在大量的非饱和黄土。因此,非饱和黄土中存在的基质吸力在很大程度上可以控制抗剪强度。本次研究的非饱和黄土土样采自中国兰州市,用以展开室内试验,探讨黄土中基质吸力的变化规律以及其脱离含水量的影响因素。结果显示:结构性、矿物成分以及可溶盐含量是控制非饱和黄土基质吸力变化的最重要的三个影响因素。其中,残余含水量和土样密度有相反的相互关系。土样中存在大量的蒙脱石和伊利石的互层(I/S),以及土样中存在的可溶盐也在某种程度上影响着基质吸力的变化。  相似文献   

A unified bounding surface plasticity model for unsaturated soils     

A.R. Russell  N. Khalili 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(3):181-212

A unified constitutive model for unsaturated soils is presented in a critical state framework using the concepts of effective stress and bounding surface plasticity theory. Consideration is given to the effects of unsaturation and particle crushing in the definition of the critical state. A simple isotropic elastic rule is adopted. A loading surface and a bounding surface of the same shape are defined using simple and versatile functions. The bounding surface and elastic rules lead to the existence of a limiting isotropic compression line, towards which the stress trajectories of all isotropic compression load paths approach. A non‐associated flow rule of the same general form is assumed for all soil types. Isotropic hardening/softening occurs due to changes in plastic volumetric strains as well as suction for some unsaturated soils, enabling the phenomenon of volumetric collapse upon wetting to be accounted for. The model is used to simulate the stress–strain behaviour observed in unsaturated speswhite kaolin subjected to three triaxial test load paths. The fit between simulation and experiment is improved compared to that of other constitutive models developed using conventional Cam‐Clay‐based plasticity theory and calibrated using the same set of data. Also, the model is used to simulate to a high degree of accuracy the stress–strain behaviour observed in unsaturated Kurnell sand subjected to two triaxial test load paths and the oedometric compression load path. For oedometric compression theoretical simulations indicate that the suction was not sufficiently large to cause samples to separate from the confining ring. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Failure Loci of Suction Caisson Foundations Under CombinedLoading Conditions     

王栋  金霞 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(3)

Suction caissons are widely used to support offshore fixed platforms in coastal areas. The loadings transferred to suction caissons include the eccentric lateral force induced by waves and self weight of the platform structure. However, under this kind of combined loading conditions, the failure mechanism of caissons with shallow embedment depths is quite different from conventional deep foundations or onshore shallow footings. The behaviour of caissons subjected to combined loadings may be described with the "failure locus" in force resultant spaces. Here the failure loci of smooth caissons are studied by use of finite element approach, with the embedment ratio of caissons varying in the range of 0.25～1.0 and eccentricity ratio of horizontal loadings in 0～10. The platform settlement and tilt limits are involved into determination of failure loci, thus the platforms can avoid significant displacements for the combined loadings located inside the failure locus. Three families of loading paths are used to map out the locus. It is found that the shape of failure loci depends on 3 non-dimensional parameters, and the failure locus of a given caisson changes gradually from the elliptical curve to hooked curve with increasing shear strength of soil. The lateral capacity of short caissons may be enhanced by vertical forces, compared with the maximum lateral capacity of long caissons occurring at the vertical force being zero. The critical embedment ratios partitioning elliptical and hooked loci are proposed.  相似文献   

Effect of Salinity on Hemolymph Osmotic Pressure, Sodium Concentration and Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase Activity of Gill of Chinese Crab, Eriocheir sinensis     

Lü Fu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(1):77-82

The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na^＋ concentration and Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration increased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly （P〈0.05） when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na^＋ concentration and lower Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct （P〉0.05）; However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.  相似文献   

Indirect Measurement of Suction   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rifat Bulut  Eng Choon Leong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):633-644

This paper reports on indirect soil suction measurement methods. Indirect suction measurement techniques measure the moisture equilibrium condition of the soil instead of suction. The moisture equilibrium condition of the soil can be determined by primary means as in vapor pressure, secondary means as through another porous medium or tertiary means as in measuring other physical properties of the porous medium that indicates its moisture equilibrium condition. Indirect suction measurement techniques employing primary means include thermocouple psychrometers, transistor psychrometer and chilled-mirror psychrometer. Indirect suction measurement techniques employing secondary means includes the filter paper method and indirect suction measurement techniques employing tertiary means include thermal conductivity sensors and electrical conductivity sensors. These techniques have been widely used in engineering practice and in research laboratories. However, each of these techniques has its own limitations and capabilities, and active research into improving these techniques is ongoing in universities, research laboratories, and private sector. This paper outlines working principles, calibration, measurement, and application areas of these methods based on recent literature and practice.  相似文献   

Mechanical Testing in Unsaturated Soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laureano R. Hoyos  Lyesse Laloui  Roberto Vassallo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):675-689

The state-of-the-art report presented herein is aimed at documenting, to the largest extent possible, some of the recent advances in laboratory testing of unsaturated soils for stress–strain–strength–stiffness characterization under suction-controlled isotropic, axisymmetric, and true triaxial stress states. The report is intended to be neither comprehensive nor fully inclusive, offering plenty of room for further discussion on recent refinements and techniques not yet reported in the literature. The main sections in this report are devoted to describing current methods and technologies using cylindrical triaxial systems, including advances in volume change measurements; resonant column/torsional shear systems; bender element-based systems; and suction-controlled testing under true triaxial stress states. Concluding remarks are included in the last section of the report.  相似文献   

Laboratory Hydraulic Testing in Unsaturated Soils     

Farimah Masrouri  Kátia V. Bicalho  Katsuyuki Kawai 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):691-704

This paper synthesizes the state-of-the art of the various laboratory testing techniques presently available for measuring the water hydraulic constitutive functions of unsaturated soils. Emphasis is on the laboratory testing techniques for measuring the soil–water retention curves and the water hydraulic conductivity functions of unsaturated soils. The significant recent advances in the investigation of the hydraulic behaviour of unsaturated swelling soils, are also presented. Comprehensive recent references on each measurement method are listed and discussed.  相似文献