Fish recruitment into a South African temporarily open/closed temperate estuary during three different hydrological mouth phases     

GP Tweddle  PW Froneman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(2):203-209

Quantitative recruitment of ichthyofauna into a South African temporarily open/closed estuary (TOCE) was investigated during three distinct hydrological phases: closed overwash, open outflow and tidal mouth conditions. Maximum recruitment densities occurred during outflow conditions and declined when the system became tidally inundated. Recruitment densities were lowest during overwash events. Selective diel variation was evident, with higher night-time densities for each phase. This study highlights the importance of seasonal timing and duration of open conditions and overwash events for structuring ichthyofaunal community composition of southern African TOCEs.  相似文献   

Pulsating of the generalized ion and neutral polar winds   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Larry C. Gardner  Robert W. Schunk 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(11-12):1408-1418

A three-dimensional, time-dependent model of the ion and neutral polar winds was used to study their dynamic evolution during the May 4, 1998 magnetic storm. The simulation tracked the dynamics of five species (O⁺, H⁺, H_s, O_s, and electrons) and covered a 9-h period. During the storm, D_st decreased to −210 nT, Ap reached 300, and K_p was elevated. The IMF B_z component was southward at the start of the storm and for several hours thereafter and then turned northward. However, the magnetospheric energy input to the ionosphere exhibited a 50-min oscillation, with the plasma convection and particle precipitation patterns expanding and contracting in a periodic manner. As a consequence, the ion and neutral polar winds pulsated with an approximate 50-min period. The H⁺ and O⁺ ions displayed cyclic upflows and downflows in the topside ionosphere as well as a highly structured spatial distribution that varied with time. The vertical flux of the neutral H_s atoms was upward at the top of the ionosphere, but the magnitude varied in a cyclic manner in response to the oscillating stormtime energy input. The vertical flux of neutral O_s atoms was downward at the top of the ionosphere and varied significantly with the stormtime energy input. For H⁺, O⁺, and H_s, the maximum total (integrated) vertical flux during the storm was upward at the top of the ionosphere, with values of 8–9×10²⁵ particles/s for H⁺, 2–4×10²⁶ particles/s for O⁺, and 2–3×10²⁷ particles/s for H_s. The corresponding total vertical O_s flux was predominately downward, with only localized areas with positive fluxes.  相似文献   

1986-2017年太湖出、入湖水量变化分析     

季海萍  吴浩云  吴娟 《湖泊科学》2019,31(6):1525-1533

作为流域内水资源调蓄和调度的中枢,太湖的出、入湖水量格局随着一系列工程、非工程措施的实施已然改变.基于1986-2017年近30年的环湖出、入湖水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、突变检验法和滑动t检验法,对环湖及地区出、入湖水量变化进行了定性、定量研究,并讨论了产生变化的可能原因.结果表明:1986-2017年,环湖年入湖水量增加趋势显著,在20世纪90年代后期突变增加,年出湖水量增加趋势显著,在21世纪初后期突变增加;多年平均年入湖总量突变后较突变前增加了29.66亿m3,多年平均年出湖总量增加了18.63亿m3;江苏入湖水量增长率、增长贡献率分别为53%和84%,出湖水量增长率、增长贡献率分别为31%和48%;浙江入湖水量增长率、增长贡献率无明显改变,出湖水量增长率、增长贡献率分别为26%和31%;望虞河出入湖增长率最大,但增长贡献率不大;太浦河出湖增长率、增长贡献率无明显变化;出、入湖水量的变化抬升了太湖年平均水位和年最低水位,对年最高水位影响较小;水利工程调度对出、入湖水量的影响逐渐占据主导作用.  相似文献   

洪泽湖出入河流及湖体氮、磷浓度时空变化(2010—2019年)     

崔嘉宇  郭蓉  宋兴伟  张悦  陈晨  吕学研  董圆媛 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1727-1741

基于2010-2019年洪泽湖湖体水质逐月监测数据,筛选出影响湖体水质的主要污染物指标为总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）;选取洪泽湖周边25条主要入湖河流和2条出湖河流在2019年10月2020年9月的监测数据,探讨河流外源性输入对不同湖体区域氮磷的影响及其水期变化规律.结果发现：①湖体TN、TP浓度长期居高不下,年均浓度范围分别在1.39~1.86、0.080~0.171 mg/L波动.主要入湖河流TN、TP时空平均浓度（1.92~5.70和0.114~0.181 mg/L）,均高于同区域湖体（1.15~1.46和0.088~0.101 mg/L）,其中北部入湖河流肖河、马化河和五河与临近湖区TN、TP浓度呈现显著正相关,是影响北部湖体TN、TP浓度的主要河流;南部入湖河流维桥河和高桥河是临近湖区非极端降雨期TN、TP的主要来源.②调水工程对湖体及入湖河流TN、TP浓度分布影响显著,调水期湖体沿调水方向TP浓度逐渐上升,TN浓度则呈现先降后升的趋势,南部入湖河流维桥河和高桥河TN浓度达到水期峰值,分别为10.69和9.90 mg/L.③极端降雨期入湖河流的TN、TP浓度显著高于其它水期,由于湖体对TN、TP的富集作用不同,TP浓度呈现中间高,四周低,而TN浓度呈现沿洪水流向逐渐降低的规律.  相似文献   

Freshwater flow to the San Francisco Bay‐Delta estuary over nine decades (Part 1): Trend evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

Paul H. Hutton  John S. Rath  Sujoy B. Roy 《水文研究》2017,31(14):2500-2515

The San Francisco Bay‐Delta estuary and its upstream watershed have been highly modified since exploration and settlement by Europeans in the mid‐18th century. Although these hydrologic alterations supported the growth of California's economy to the eighth largest in the world, they have been accompanied by significant declines in native aquatic species and subsequent efforts to reverse these declines through flow management. To inform ongoing deliberations on management of freshwater flows to the estuary, we examined a recent nine‐decade hydrologic record to evaluate seasonal and annual trends in reported Delta outflow. Statistically significant trends were observed in seasonal outflows, with decreasing trends observed in 4 months (February, April, May, and November) and increasing trends observed in 2 months (July and August). Trend significance in early‐to‐mid autumn (September and October) is ambiguous due to uncertainty associated with in‐Delta agricultural water use. In spite of increasing water use over the period examined, we found no statistically significant annual trend in Delta outflow, a result likely due to large inter‐annual variability. Linkages between outflow trends and changes in upstream flows and coincident developments such as reservoir construction and operation, out‐of‐basin imports and exports, and expansion of irrigated agriculture are discussed. To eliminate inter‐annual variability as a factor, change attribution is explored using modelled flows and fixed climatology in a companion paper.  相似文献   

1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析     

李一凡  谷孝鸿  曾庆飞  贾冰婵  訾鑫源  陈辉辉  毛志刚  葛优 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):155-167

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...  相似文献   

恒星形成过程中的天体物理现象     

秦胜利  王俊杰  赵刚  吴月芳 《天文学进展》2004,22(2):122-133

恒星形成于分子云环境中。近30多年的观测研究使得天文学家对小质量恒星的形成有了相对明确的认识：小质量恒星通过坍缩、吸积和外向流的路标而形成。至于大质量恒星，其形成过程还存在着许多不确定因素，现有的观测证据表明：大质量恒星也可能通过坍缩、吸积和外向流的路标来形成，但也不排除在星团中通过中小质量恒星聚合而成的因素。大质量恒星形成与致密电离氢区(UCHII)成协较好，而与大质量恒星形成区成协的分子云环境中，既有大质量恒星也有小质量恒星形成。综述了恒星形成各个阶段的观测结果和研究现状以及成协的天体物理环境情况。未来的观测和研究重点在于，大质量恒星形成以及星团环境中的恒星形成。  相似文献   

嵩县槐树坪大型金矿复杂地层泥浆及护壁堵漏技术          下载免费PDF全文

肖丰伟  郑晓良  李超  戴红专  廖曦文  高志俭 《探矿工程》2014,41(2):29-32

嵩县槐树坪金矿区域地质构造复杂,岩石破碎,部分岩层高岭土化,钻探施工中漏失、垮塌严重,经常发生钻孔缩径、卡钻、内管总成打捞困难等孔内事故,严重影响了钻进效率和钻孔质量。对该矿区施工所遇到的困难和需要重点解决的问题进行了分析,通过试验研究,确定采用聚合物低固相泥浆体系,并根据该矿区地层特点,确定了在不同条件下聚合物低固相泥浆的配方、配制方法、维护管理及护壁堵漏方法等,逐步在该矿区全面推广,大幅度减少了孔内事故、提高了纯钻效率和台月效率,有效地促进了该矿区的勘探进度,缩短了勘探周期,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

河北武安云驾岭煤矿2~#煤层瓦斯赋存主控地质因素分析     

张明杰  李凯  付帅 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(2):25-29

基于云驾岭煤矿瓦斯涌出量异常变化的现象,收集地质勘查及煤矿生产期间揭露的地质构造及瓦斯信息,运用瓦斯地质理论,从煤层瓦斯生成、运移、储存的角度,研究岩浆岩侵入、煤层埋深和断层等地质因素对2号煤层煤质、生烃能力、煤层渗透性、瓦斯含量等参数以及煤层瓦斯赋存的影响。研究结果表明岩浆侵入提高了2号煤层的变质程度、瓦斯储集能力和渗透性,促进了煤层二次生烃,同时岩浆热液产生的高温高压作用使煤层瓦斯大量逸散;岩浆侵入对煤层瓦斯的生成、运移和储存均产生了影响,是煤层瓦斯赋存的主要控制因素,断层特征及分布影响了瓦斯的储存和运移,煤层埋深影响了瓦斯的储存,断层和煤层埋深是煤层瓦斯赋存的一般影响因素。  相似文献   

中国农村人口外流的时空演化及其驱动机制   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

郭远智  周扬  刘彦随 《地理科学》2020,40(1):50-59

以农村户籍人口和常住人口及两者表征的农村人口外流率为研究对象,利用“五普”和“六普”数据探讨了中国农村人口外流的演化及其空间格局,在预选取影响因素的基础上,基于空间计量模型剖析了县域农村人口外流率的地域分异机制。结果显示：农村人口发展演化可划分为缓慢发展阶段、大量外流阶段、农业转移人口市民化发展阶段3个时期;全国县域农村人口外流率呈现出程度不断加深的态势,农业户籍人口和乡村常住人口的集中度下降明显,并呈现出明显的空间聚类和空间正相关性;平均海拔、人均GDP、城乡居民收入比、第一产业占比、城镇化率、道路密度、受教育水平、人均固定资产投资与农村人口外流率呈现出正相关关系,而人均耕地面积、农民人均纯收入、乡村从业人员占比与农村人口外流率呈现出负相关关系。  相似文献