新疆库车坳陷克拉苏构造带异常高压及其成藏效应   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

徐士林  吕修祥  皮学军  杨明慧  刘洛夫 《现代地质》2002,16(3):282-287

异常高压在新疆库车坳陷克拉苏构造带是十分普遍的地质现象 ,它具有地层压力大、压力系数高、异常高压带上方广泛发育巨厚的塑性盐岩和膏泥岩封隔层以及异常高压体内的压力变化不规则的特征。克拉苏构造带的异常高压是由构造抬升和挤压引起的 ,明显具有压力封存箱的特征 ,对该地区油气藏的形成和保存起到十分重要的作用。由于异常高压和断层的影响 ,在克拉苏构造带上形成了上第三系它源、开放的静水压力油藏和白垩系—下第三系它源、半封闭的异常高压气藏两种油气成藏模式  相似文献   

储层超压流体系统的成因机制述评   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

刘晓峰  解习农 《地质科技情报》2003,22(3):55-60

储层超压流体系统的基本要素包括压力封闭层、超压流体、岩石骨架和输导通道；由于储层超压系统所处环境的差异，其超压强度可以大于、等于和小于环境的超压强度；超压传递、不均衡压实、裂解气的生成和浮力作用是储层超压形成的重要机制；大多数储层超压是油气聚集的结果；超压释放是超压流体系统内部油气成藏的必要条件，研究储层超压流体系统将更直接地揭示超压盆地中油气运移和聚集的过程。  相似文献   

Development of Overpressure in the Tertiary Damintun Depression, Liaohe Basin, Northern China     

YE Jiaren  HAO Fang  CHEN JianyuFaculty of Earth Resources  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan  Hubei  E-mail: jrye@cug.edu.cn Ren Xifei  Zhu Xiling 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(3):402-412

The Damintun depression is one of the four depressions in the Liaohe basin in northern China, and is a rift basin developed in the Paleogene. This paper discusses in detail the characteristics of pressure and fluid potential of the Damintun depression based on a synthesis of the data from boreholes, well tests and seismic surveys. Data from sonic logs, well tests and seismic velocity measurements are used to study the pressure characteristics of the areas. From the sonic log data, shales can be characterized as normally pressured, slightly overpressured or highly overpressured; from the well test data, the pressure-depth gradient in oil-producing intervals implies hydrostatic pressure in general. Most seismic profiles in the Damintun depression are of sufficiently high quality for seismic velocities to be measured. The fluid pressures, excess pressures and pressure coefficients in 47 representative seismic profiles are predicted using formula calculation methods, and further transformed to fluid potenti  相似文献   

Sealing of fluid pathways in overpressure cells: a case study from the Buntsandstein in the Lower Saxony Basin (NW Germany)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sofie Nollet  Christoph Hilgers  Janos Urai 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(5-6):1039-1055

We studied veins in the Triassic Buntsandstein of the Lower Saxony Basin (NW Germany) with the aim of quantifying the evolution of in-situ stress, fluids and material transport. Different generations of veins are observed. The first generation formed in weakly consolidated rocks without a significant increase in fracture permeability and was filled syntectonically with fibrous calcite and blocky to elongate-blocky quartz. The stable isotopic signature (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) indicates that the calcite veins precipitated from connate water at temperatures of 55–122°C. The second vein generation was syntectonically filled with blocky anhydrite, which grew in open fractures. Fluid inclusions indicate that the anhydrite veins precipitated at a minimum temperature of 150°C from hypersaline brines. Based on δ³⁴S measurements, the source of the sulphate was found in the underlying Zechstein evaporites. The macro- and microstructures indicate that all veins were formed during subsidence and that the anhydrite veins were formed under conditions of overpressure, generated by inflation rather than non-equilibrium compaction. The large amount of fluids which are formed by the dehydrating gypsum in the underlying Zechstein and are released into the Buntsandstein during progressive burial form a likely source of overpressures and the anhydrite forming fluids.  相似文献   

Structural Effects of Overpressure Fluid Activities in Yinggehai Basin     

YinXiulan LiSitian MaYinsheng YangJihai 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):238-244

The characteristics and distribution of faults in Yinggehai basin discussed in this paper reveal the structural effects of the overpressure fluid expulsion. The rapid subsidence and mud-rich intervals of the marine rocks dominate the formation of the overpressure systems and the enormous volumes of the overpressure fluids in the basin. Triggered by some faults, the overpressure fluids were expulsed rapidly from the overpressure compartments to form a series of diapirs in the basin, resulting in the dense fractures or faults and folds in the limbs of diapirs. These fractures and faults provided the migration pathway for the vertical flow of hydrocarbons, so that the gas fields arising from this process might migrate upwards to the sandstone reservoir. Therefore, the hydrocarbon accumulations are usually located in the upper parts of diapiric structures.  相似文献   

中浅成岩浆的隐爆机制及其成矿动力学意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄定华  向树元 《地质科技情报》1997,16(1):77-80

借助爆炸动力学理论讨论了隐爆作用的机制，提出隐爆作用的本质是因超压导致相变而发生的一种快速物理反应；而岩浆上侵至低围压的中浅层环境→气水组分分离并产生气泡→后续岩浆提供高压力梯度导致超压，即为隐爆作用得以发生的主要条件。模拟实验则进一步表明，在隐爆发生的瞬间，岩浆中的多相组分因密度差和粘度差而发生分离流动，围岩则在隐爆时的热冲击下局部碎裂并气化、液化，从而使相关的热液活动及多种成矿作用得以进行，并由此形成相应的隐爆角砾岩系列及矿床组合  相似文献   

Tectonic overpressure in competent mafic layers and the development of isolated eclogites   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

N. S. MANCKTELOW 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(6):801-812

Abstract Variation in the state of stress during heterogeneous deformation should be reflected in variation in the effective pressure of metamorphic reactions, whether this is mean stress or the normal stress acting across the reacting interface. The magnitude of this pressure variation will determine whether it is discernible in the preserved metamorphic mineral assemblages of heterogeneously deformed rocks. The magnitude of the mean stress difference across a non-slipping interface between two materials with viscosity ratio >c. 20:1 is effectively equal to the maximum shear stress for flow in the more viscous material. Progressive shortening of the interface results in a higher mean stress in the more competent material, whereas extension results in a lower mean stress. For high-P/low-T eclogite facies conditions, current experimental data indicate that clinopyroxene- and garnet-rich layers of eclogite should be very strong and that pressure differences of up to 800 MPa (8 kbar) between competent layer and weaker matrix may be possible. Such high values can be obtained in widely separated competent layers for values of bulk stress in the overall multilayer that are much lower (by a factor approaching the viscosity ratio). Extrusion of material between more rigid plates, which has been proposed as a regional mechanism of lateral ‘continental escape’for both the Alps and the Himalayas, should also be accompanied by a lateral gradient in effective pressure; otherwise extrusion could not occur. Maximum mean stresses with magnitudes that are many times the maximum shear stress required for plastic flow should develop for deformation zones that are long relative to their width (e.g. around 20 times for a width-to-thickness ratio of 10). Tectonic overpressure in progressively shortened competent layers, particularly in regions of extrusion between more rigid plates, might help explain the occurrence of isolated layers and pods of low-T eclogite (<550°C) with estimated peak pressures markedly in excess of those in the surrounding matrix. It cannot explain the occurrence of isolated high-T eclogites, because at temperatures >c. 550°C, the dramatic weakening of clinopyroxene in the power-law creep field precludes the development of significant overpressures in eclogite layers.  相似文献   

沉积盆地异常超压与岩石破裂耦合动力学模型综述   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈红汉  孙永传 《地质科技情报》1994,13(4):65-71

在回顾沉积盆地异常超压成因机制模型基础之上，讨论了构筑其模型的基本要素：封盖（层）的渗透率和化学增压的耦合，并通过动力学分析给出了异常超压与岩石破裂的耦合过程引起压力封礅箱内破裂一泄压－愈合－增压作用的动力学状态判据。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地腹部地区深埋储层物性特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王芙蓉  何生  洪太元 《新疆地质》2006,24(4):423-428

准噶尔盆地腹部地区的储层埋深一般大于4 300 m,部分地区深度可达6 000 m左右,孔隙度和渗透率的大小变化范围也较大,弄清物性的主控因素有利于深埋储层的预测,为勘探提供依据.本文在前人研究和分析化验资料的基础上研究了该区深埋储层的物性,由于岩石类型多为岩屑砂岩,岩石成分含较多的塑性岩屑,因此强烈的压实作用极大的降低了准噶尔盆地腹部地区深埋储层的孔隙度,晚期的含铁碳酸盐岩胶结物使岩石更加致密.早期的碳酸盐岩胶结物因后期的有机酸和大气淡水的溶解作用产生了较多的次生溶蚀孔隙,晚期生烃导致的超压及早期油气充注对储层成岩过程中的成岩作用具有抑制作用,在一定程度上改善了深部储层物性,为深部油气的聚集提供了有利空间.  相似文献   

东营凹陷流体动力系统研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘晓峰  解习农  姜涛  张成 《地质科技情报》2006,25(1):55-59

根据东营凹陷地层孔隙流体的压力、盐度以及运移动力和流动样式,划分出3个流体动力系统:静水压力-低压淡水流体动力系统、静水压力低盐度流体动力系统、超压高-中盐度流体动力系统.超压高-中盐度流体动力系统以有效烃源岩、流体超压和盐度较高[ρ(TDS)≥35 g/L]为特征,压力驱动为主导;静水压力低盐度流体动力系统以常压、低盐度[ρ(TDS)=10～＜35 g/L]流体、运移通道和储层特别发育为特征,运移动力为盐度差和浮力;静水压力-低压淡水流体动力系统以静水压力-低压、淡水为特征,运移动力以浮力和重力为主.  相似文献