基于DNA条形码研究浙江沿海牡蛎的种类多样性及其分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

王航俊  吕宝强  黄丹  姚炜民 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(3):365-372

利用DNA条形码技术,基于线粒体基因细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I,COI)和核基因28S核糖体RNA(28S rRNA)序列鉴定牡蛎种类,研究牡蛎在浙江沿海的种类多样性及其分布特征。在浙江沿海的7个采样海域共采集550个牡蛎样品,抽取其中232个牡蛎样品进行基因组DNA的提取以及COI基因和28S rRNA基因的鉴定,共检测出3属10种牡蛎。巨牡蛎属(Crassostrea) 5种分别为熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea) 127个、福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata) 64个、日本巨牡蛎(Crassostrea nippona) 4个、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis) 1个和长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas) 1个;牡蛎属(Ostrea) 2种分别为疏纹牡蛎(Ostrea circumpicta) 4个和密鳞牡蛎(Ostrea denselamellosa) 2个;小蛎属(Saccostrea) 3种分别为棘刺牡蛎(Saccostrea kegaki) 20个、多刺牡蛎(Saccostrea echinata) 8个和小蛎属未定种(Saccostrea sp.) 1个。分析结果表明:浙江沿海的牡蛎种类多样性高,并且在南北纵向和离岸远近水平方向上存在较大差异,其中熊本牡蛎和福建牡蛎为浙江沿海牡蛎的优势种。  相似文献   

珠江口沿岸牡蛎养殖场沉积物及牡蛎体内重金属含量与评价   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王艳  高芸  方展强 《热带海洋学报》2005,24(6):61-66

应用原子吸收分光光度计对珠江口9个牡蛎养殖场沉积物及近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis样品中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Ni的含量进行测定。结果显示,沉积物中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Ni的平均含量分别为0.35—3.8、32.4—108.0、58—395、13.2—96.1、14.7—39.9和9.35—40.15μg.g-1干重;牡蛎体内Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Ni的平均含量分别为0.11—12.07、128.8—380.6、1 456.2—1 938.4、0.43—0.98、3.26—10.53和1.44—3.31μg.g-1干重。河口区沿岸养殖牡蛎与沉积物中的Cd、Cr含量具显著相关(p<0.01;p<0.05),可作为Cd和Cr污染的良好指示生物。所有采样点牡蛎体内Pb和Cr含量均低于我国颁布的无公害水产品质量安全标准,但6个采样点的Cd含量略超过安全标准(1.00μg.g-1湿重);4个采样点的Cu含量略超过安全标准(50.00μg.g-1湿重),应引起有关部门的重视。  相似文献   

关于建立“岛长制”的探索研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘大海  欧阳慧敏  刘志军 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):22-27

文章基于习近平总书记生态文明建设重要战略思想以及海南省三沙市实践基础,借鉴"河长制"等制度经验,提出建立"岛长制"的必要性,剖析海岛自然生态特殊性,探讨"岛长制"的实施范围和相关职责,提出加强规划编制和资源环境保护等5项主要任务以及健全工作机制和强化考核问责等6项保障措施,为建立健全"岛长制"、推动生态文明建设融入海岛社会发展各方面和全过程以及促进海岛地区经济高质量发展提供政策基础和决策支持。  相似文献   

Response of phytoplankton to multispecies mariculture:a case study on the carrying capacity of shellfish in the Sanggou Bay in China     

GE Changzi  FANG Jianguang  SONG Xief  MAO Yuze  YE Naihao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):102-112

A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of marine fishes along a cross-shelf gradient containing a continuum of mangrove–seagrass–coral reefs off southwestern Puerto Rico     

Alfonso Aguilar-Perera  Richard S. Appeldoorn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Despite an extensive study of the fish community off southwestern Puerto Rico, little information is available on the fish spatial distribution along an inshore–offshore, cross-shelf gradient containing a continuum of mangrove–seagrass–coral reefs. We investigated the spatial distribution of reef-associated fish species using a stratified sampling procedure. A total of 52,138 fishes were recorded, representing 102 species belonging to 32 families. Significant differences in mean fish density were evident among strata. Mean densities at shallow fore reefs and deep fore reefs (Romero key) were significantly higher compared to the rest of strata along the gradient. Mean densities of fishes in mangroves and seagrass (Montalva Bay) were comparable to those at shallow back reefs and deep fore reefs offshore (Turrumote), but lower to those inshore (Romero); the lowest fish densities were found in mangroves and seagrass (Montalva Bay) and seagrass (Romero and Corral). At least 17 species, in 7 families, were among the most common in terms of relative abundance representing 76% of the total individuals sampled. A detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) applied to more abundant fish species showed a spatial pattern in density distribution. Three major groupings were evident corresponding to mangroves and seagrass (Montalva Bay), shallow and deep reefs (Romero), and shallow and deep reefs (Corral and Turrumote). A cluster analysis on mean fish densities of the more abundant species revealed a consistent spatial distribution according to biotope by separating the ichthyofauna associated with mangroves, seagrass and that of shallow (back and fore) reefs, and deep fore reefs.  相似文献   

The effect of relative crest submergence on wave breaking over submerged slopes     

C.E. Blenkinsopp  J.R. Chaplin   《Coastal Engineering》2008,55(12):967-974

Experiments were performed in a wave flume to measure the intensity, transmission and reflection of waves breaking over a submerged reef with an offshore gradient of 1:10. The results demonstrate that the relative water depth over the reef crest (h_c/H_o) is a dominant factor affecting the breaking characteristics. In particular it is found that as the relative crest submergence is reduced, there is a considerable increase in the intensity of wave breaking over the reef that can be quantified through measurements of the air cavity enclosed beneath the plunging jet. It is also shown that there is a corresponding decrease in wave transmission and reflection as the submergence is reduced.  相似文献   

Grazing on coral reefs facilitates growth of the excavating sponge Cliona orientalis (Clionaidae,Hadromerida)     

Emma Cebrian 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(4):533-538

Although bioerosion is among the most destructive forces on coral reefs, indirect effects influencing the bioerosion dynamics are understudied. Here, I assess the hypothesis that coral reef grazers indirectly facilitate proliferation of bioeroding sponges by removing epibiotic fleshy seaweeds from the Great Barrier Reef. This study quantifies the degree of spatial correlation between the distribution of bioeroding sponges and the distribution of grazing pressure, as evidenced by the abundance of seaweed and parrotfish bite marks. While the sponge tissue area was negatively correlated with seaweed coverage, the number of parrotfish bite marks was associated with less algae and more sponge tissue. Several factors derived from grazing on seaweeds may facilitate sponge growth: increases in the availability of light may favor primary production by symbiotic zooxanthellae and thereby increase growth of bioeroding sponges; on the other hand, sponge settlement may be facilitated on grazed substrates. All these factors are likely related, and contribute to an increasing erosion of coral reefs. Similar processes have recently been described in Mediterranean ecosystems, suggesting that the interactions I document here, could be widespread.  相似文献   

The influence of reef type and seasonality on population structure of coral‐reef fishes within Malindi Marine Park,Kenya     

Gamoe A. Locham  Boaz Kaunda‐Arara  Chrisestom M. Mlewa 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):494-505

Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure.  相似文献   

The potential for dive tourism led entrepreneurial marine protected areas in Curacao     

Jiska de Groot  Simon R. Bush 《Marine Policy》2010

Despite the successful establishment of marine protected areas in the Netherlands Antilles, such as Saba and Bonaire, government-led protection of the reefs surrounding Curacao has repeatedly failed. In the absence of effective state regulation, dive operations have taken de facto control over dive sites, establishing conservation through a range of private initiatives akin to what have been referred to as entrepreneurial marine protected areas (EMPAs). The paper analyses the potential of these EMPAs to regulate access and control to dive sites and good diver practices. Using data from interviews with key actors in the dive industry and a survey of tourist divers the paper shows that achieving an island wide system of EMPAs is dependent on issues related to ownership over the reef, geographical location, and market competition. The paper concludes that the viability of such a system is not only dependent on the dynamics of the local and international dive market, in which all actors pursue their own interests, but also on the establishment of meta-governance arrangements that can provide incentive-based oversight to the entrepreneurial conservation practices of dive operations.  相似文献   

Shock-capturing Boussinesq-type model for nearshore wave processes     

Volker Roeber  Kwok Fai Cheung  Marcelo H. Kobayashi 《Coastal Engineering》2010

This paper describes the formulation and validation of a nearshore wave model for tropical coastal environment. The governing Boussinesq-type equations include the conservative form of the nonlinear shallow-water equations for shock capturing. A Riemann solver supplies the inter-cell flux and bathymetry source term, while a Godunov-type scheme integrates the evolution variables in time. The model handles wave breaking through momentum conservation with energy dissipation based on an eddy viscosity concept. The computed results show very good agreement with laboratory data for wave propagation over a submerged bar, wave breaking and runup on plane beaches as well as wave transformation over fringing reefs. The model accurately describes transition between supercritical and subcritical flows as well as development of dispersive waves in the processes.  相似文献