广西两系杂交稻制种安全期气候分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

涂方旭  李雄 《气象研究与应用》2001,22(4):40-43

根据两系杂交水稻制种对气象条件的要求 ,利用广西 80多站的气象资料 ,统计分析了广西各地两系杂交水稻制种的安全期 ,提出了广西杂交水稻安全制种应注意的一些气候问题  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE PADDY FIELDS IN THE YANGTZE DELTA OF CHINA^*     

LIU Jiandong  HOU Xiuji  ZHANG Yu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(1):1-11

A numerical simulation model is presented in this paper,which comprises the processes of crop growth,soil organic carbon decomposition,and methane emissions in agroecosystems.Simulation results show that the model can simulate the main process of methane emissions well,and the correlation coefficient between the simulated values and observed data is 0.79 with 239 samples,which passed a significance test of 0.01.The average error of methane emission simulation in whole growth period is about 15%.Numerical analysis of the model indicates that the average temperature during rice growth period has much impacts on methane emissions,and the basic trend of interannual methane emissions is similar to that of average temperature.The amount of methane emissions reduces about 34.93%,when the fertilizer is used instead of manure in single rice paddy.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting Methane Emission from Rice Paddies     

于心科  王卫东等 《中国地球化学学报》1995,14(1):60-67

A comparative study of rice paddies and the uncovered water field in Taoyuan(Hunan) showed that methane emission from rice-vegetated paddy fields in 1993 was different from that in 1992(I,e,lower in rates and irregular in pattern).Climate has obvious influence on methane emission .And ebullition made a considerable contribution to the total flux of methane emission from rice paddies (45%).This implies that the intensification of paddy cultivation of rice might not be,as was proposed,the main con-tributor to the observed gradual increasing of atmospheric methane.24-hour automatic measurements of atmospheric temperature,air temperature and methane concentration in the static sampling boxes revealed that temperature,in addition to fertilization and irrigation style,is one of the most important factors that control the emission of methane from rice paddies.  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of global crop water productivity of three leading world crops (wheat,corn, and rice) in the irrigated areas over three decades     

Daniel J. Foley  Itiya P. Aneece  Pardhasaradhi G. Teluguntla  Adam J. Oliphant 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(8):939-975

ABSTRACT

The overarching goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of irrigated agricultural Crop Water Productivity (CWP) of the world’s three leading crops: wheat, corn, and rice based on three decades of remote sensing and non-remote sensing-based studies. Overall, CWP data from 148 crop growing study sites (60 wheat, 43 corn, and 45 rice) spread across the world were gathered from published articles spanning 31 different countries. There was overwhelming evidence of a significant increase in CWP with an increase in latitude for predominately northern hemisphere datasets. For example, corn grown in latitude 40–50° had much higher mean CWP (2.45?kg/m³) compared to mean CWP of corn grown in other latitudes such as 30–40° (1.67?kg/m³) or 20–30° (0.94?kg/m³). The same trend existed for wheat and rice as well. For soils, none of the CWP values, for any of the three crops, were statistically different. However, mean CWP in higher latitudes for the same soil was significantly higher than the mean CWP for the same soil in lower latitudes. This applied for all three crops studied. For wheat, the global CWP categories were low (≤0.75?kg/m³), medium (>0.75 to <1.10?kg/m³), and high CWP (≥1.10?kg/m³). For corn the global CWP categories were low (≤1.25?kg/m³), medium (>1.25 to ≤1.75?kg/m³), and high (>1.75?kg/m³). For rice the global CWP categories were low (≤0.70?kg/m³), medium (>0.70 to ≤1.25?kg/m³), and high (>1.25?kg/m³). USA and China are the only two countries that have consistently high CWP for wheat, corn, and rice. Australia and India have medium CWP for wheat and rice. India’s corn, however, has low CWP. Egypt, Turkey, Netherlands, Mexico, and Israel have high CWP for wheat. Romania, Argentina, and Hungary have high CWP for corn, and Philippines has high CWP for rice. All other countries have either low or medium CWP for all three crops. Based on data in this study, the highest consumers of water for crop production also have the most potential for water savings. These countries are USA, India, and China for wheat; USA, China, and Brazil for corn; India, China, and Pakistan for rice. For example, even just a 10% increase in CWP of wheat grown in India can save 6974 billion liters of water. This is equivalent to creating 6974 lakes each of 100?m³ in volume that leads to many benefits such as acting as ‘water banks’ for lean season, recreation, and numerous ecological services. This study establishes the volume of water that can be saved for each crop in each country when there is an increase in CWP by 10%, 20%, and 30%.  相似文献   

土壤-水稻系统中重金属元素与其他元素之间的相互作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冯海艳杨忠芳  杨志斌 《地质通报》2007,26(11):1429-1434

通过相关关系的统计分析,探讨了四川省61件水稻籽实及其根系土中重金属元素与其他元素间的相互关系。研究结果表明:①水稻籽实对重金属元素、微量元素、大量元素的富集系数差异很大,元素富集系数之间具有显著的相关性;②水稻籽实中重金属元素的含量与土壤中部分元素的含量之间存在着显著的相关关系;③水稻籽实重金属元素的含量与籽实中其他元素含量之间的相关关系显著。结合元素之间的相互作用对元素地球化学行为的影响,评价了作物籽实中重金属元素的危害程度,为土壤修复提供了新思路。  相似文献   

大气环流对中国稻飞虱危害的影响及其预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱拴  霍治国 《气象学报》2007,65(6):994-1002

稻飞虱是中国和许多亚洲国家水稻生产上最重要的害虫。文中通过对上一年1月至当年8月74项大气环流特征量构建所有不同时段的组合,全面分析了大气环流特征量与中国稻飞虱发生面积率的相关关系。筛选出了影响中国稻飞虱发生面积率的关键环流特征因子52项,其对中国稻飞虱发生影响的重要次序为副热带高压类→极涡类→槽类→其他类;影响的时段主要为当年7—8月,其次为上年6月至当年6月。其中,副热带高压类、极涡类关键环流因子分别有35项和12项,占全部关键环流特征因子的67%和23%,在很大程度上决定着中国稻飞虱发生的面积。确定的直接影响中国稻飞虱发生的关键环流特征因子有11项,其中6项较好地表征了中国稻飞虱发生面积率轻、偏轻、偏重、重4个级别的气候特征。用直接影响中国气候的关键环流特征因子建立了当年3—9月的中国稻飞虱发生面积率月预测模式,每月初可以制作预报。该模式历史拟合效果较好,对2003年中国稻飞虱发生面积率的外延预报准确率分别达85.6%、90.5%、90.5%、90.4%、90.9%、93.2%、96.3%。同时,本研究还利用1—11月稻区月降水量、平均气温、日照时数所构建的所有不同时段的组合,分析了关键环流特征因子与稻区生态气象条件、中国稻飞虱发生面积率之间的关系。结果表明:三者之间相关密切,这种关系表现为大气环流通过影响稻区日照、气温和降水的变化导致稻飞虱发生条件的灾变,进而影响稻飞虱发生面积率。  相似文献   

Toward an Ecological Explanation of Agricultural Unemployment in Bangladesh     

Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(2):176-191

Cultural ecology theoretical framework was found suitable to explain unemployment in agriculture in three villages in Bangladesh. Path analysis and multiple regression statistics were used to examine the direct, indirect, and total effects of eight independent human, social, environmental, and technology variables as well as their aggregate contribution on agricultural unemployment. The multiple regression model explains 86.2% of the total variation in unemployment in agriculture; they were followed by environmental constraints and labor saving technology variables.  相似文献   

Comparison of manual and automatic methods for measurement of methane emission from rice paddy fields   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  

Zheng Xunhu  Wang Mingxing  Wang Yuesi  Shen Renxing  Li Jing  J. Heyer M. Kogge  Li Laotu  Jin Jisheng 《大气科学进展》1998,15(4):569-579

The methane emission flux from rice paddies was simultaneously measured with automatic and manual methods in the suburban of Suzhou. Both methods were based on the static chamber/ GC-FID techniques. Detail analysis of the experimental results indicates: a) The data of methane emission measured with the automatic method is reliable. b) About 11 or 19 o’clock of local time is recommended as the optimum sampling time for the manual spot measurement of methane emission from rice paddies. The methane emission fluxes measured by manual sampling at local time other than the optimum time have to be corrected. The correction coefficient may be determined by automatic and continuous measurement. c) In order to get a more accurate result, an empirical correction factor, such as 18%, is recommended to correct the seasonally total amount of measured methane emission by enlarging the au-tomatically measured data or reducing the manually measured ones.  相似文献   

关于直播水稻观测方法问题的探讨     

胡世明  胡珀 《气象科技》2015,43(4):750-753

根据湖北江夏国家农业气象观测一级站在最近几年水稻观测中实际遇到的情况以及调查发现,直播水稻已形成不推而广的迅猛发展趋势,作为农业气象观测已不可回避地会遇到直播水稻的生育进程观测问题。由于种植方式的改变,大田植株分布形式也发生了根本的变化,仅以传统的移栽水稻制定的现行《农业气象观测规范》已无法处理好直播水稻的观测问题。为此,笔者依据《农业气象观测规范》,结合实际观测经验,分析直播水稻与移栽水稻的差异以及由此引出的新问题,提出了新的观测处理方法,以供同行探讨。  相似文献   

基于FastICA算法和MODIS数据的水稻面积提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

耿利宁  景元书  杨沈斌  浩宇 《大气科学学报》2015,38(6):819-826

以苏、皖、赣三省为研究区域,采用FastICA算法从MODIS数据中提取2010年水稻种植面积,并验证该算法在混合像元分解中的有效性。在对2010年46景8 d合成地表反射率产品数据进行预处理的基础上,结合MODIS土地利用产品和平滑滤波算法,构建耕地类型像元的I_LSW和I_NDV时相变化曲线。依据I_LSW和I_NDV曲线在水稻移栽期前后的变化规律,并根据由各地区水稻I_NDV时相曲线计算得到水稻相似性指数,从MODIS影像中提取水稻像元。采用FastICA算法对潜在水稻像元水稻生长期内的I_NDV时相曲线进行分解,计算每个像元的水稻丰度,绘制水稻丰度图,获取研究区各省水稻分布和种植面积。利用统计年鉴数据和样方资料对FastICA算法提取的水稻面积进行了验证。结果显示:采用水稻相似性曲线有利于提高稻田识别效率,所获取的水稻分布与实际情况吻合;FastICA算法能够分解不同地区水稻I_NDV时相曲线;与统计资料比较,江苏、安徽、江西三省水稻面积的提取精度分别为86.4%、87.9%、51.5%。江西水稻面积提取误差主要出现在地形起伏较大的山区。  相似文献