Palaeoecology of a late Allerød peat bed at Godøy,western Norway     

Hilary H. Birks  Geoffrey Lemdahl  John Inge Svendsen  Jon Y. Landvik 《第四纪科学杂志》1993,8(2):147-159

A peat bed found under solifluction deposits on Godøya island, western Norway, accumulated during a few decades around 11 000 yr BP, at the end of the Allerød period of the Late Weichselian. Palaeoecological investigations showed a local vegetation succession on wet sand culminating in a mire community dominated by Carex nigra. Periodic flooding brought in sand and silt, which decreased as drainage was impeded sufficiently for standing water to develop. The surrounding terrestrial vegetation was dominated by Salix scrub, with some open heath and alpine habitats nearby. Apart from two aquatic species, the 29 insect taxa recorded are characteristic of alpine heaths, plant litter (under Salix scrub) and stream-sides. Their remains, together with the terrestrial plant macrofossils, were washed into the mire from nearby. Because the fossils are locally derived, the environmental reconstructions are of the actual conditions at Godøy at ca. 11 000 yr BP. Palaeotemperature estimates from beetles and plants are in agreement. The coleopteran estimates (Mutual Climatic Range Method) suggest mean July temperatures of 10–13°C, slightly cooler than today (13.5°), and January temperatures between +1 and ?10°C, similar to or much colder than today. Summer temperature estimates from individual plant taxa indicate that temperatures during the Allerød period were similar to today's, but estimates from the reconstructed vegetation and timber-line positions give estimates up to 3.5° cooler. Temperatures fell 2.5–7.5°C at the Younger Dryas. This abrupt and severe cooling initiated the solifluction processes on Godøya that buried the peat. The Godøy peat bed and its contained fossils provide a rare glimpse of Allerød biota and environments at the local (site) scale.  相似文献   

Middle and Late Devonian microbial carbonates,reefs and mounds in Guilin,South China and their sequence stratigraphic,paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pedoja Kevin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11):1900-1912

The importance of calcimicrobes and microbialite in carbonate platform and reefal environments has been stressed in recent literature. Burne and Moore[1] introduced the term microbialite to describe the clotted, laminated and undifferentiated fabrics formed by mi-crobial communities. Microbialites are organosedi-mentary deposits that have accreted as a result of ben-thic (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) communities, trapping and binding detrital sediment[1]. Microbial organisms and microbialite are…  相似文献   

Ancient and modern cold-climate aeolian sand deposition: A review     

Eduard A. Koster 《第四纪科学杂志》1988,3(1):69-83

Although partly active aeolian sand sheets and dunes cover large areas in the zones of (dis)continuous permafrost, little precise information is available about the influence of cold-climate conditions on modern aeolian processes. This means that palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the stabilised, mainly Late Pleistocene dune fields and cover sand regions in the ‘sand belts’ of the European Lowlands and the Northern Great Plains of the USA and Canada, are necessarily still based on ancient evidence. Cold-climate wind deposits are typically derived from areas of abundant sediment supply like unvegetated flood plains, glacial outwash plains, till plains and lake shores. The common parabolic and transverse dune forms resemble those observed in temperate regions. Although a variety of periglacial features has been identified in Late Pleistocene dune and cover sands none of them indicate that permafrost is crucial to aeolian activity. Specific structures in aeolian strata permit tentative interpretation of the moisture content of depositional sand surfaces, the nature of annual sedimentation cycles and the processes by which strata were deposited and/or contorted. But surprisingly little is known about the role of vegetation in the process of sand accumulation. Dunes are most informative with respect to reconstructions of past wind regimes, which offer important data for verification of palaeoclimatic simulations.  相似文献   

Holocene climate evolution of the Ugii Nuur basin,Mongolia     

Wolfgang SCHWANGHART  Brigitta SCH  "UTT  Michael WALTHER 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):986-998

In order to evaluate the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Ugii Nuur basin, central Mongolia, investigations on chemical and mineralogical properties of lacustrine sediments were carried out on a 630 cm sediment core from lake Ugii Nuur. The interpretation of the record is based on a principal component analysis （PCA） of the elemental composition of the samples. The results show that lacustrine deposition started at 10.6 kyr BP. Low lake level conditions were identified during the Early Holocene （10.6-7.9 kyr BP）. The Mid Holocene （7.9-4.2 kyr BP） was characterized by generally higher lake levels and thus higher moisture supply, but it experienced strong climatic fluctuations. Arid conditions prevailed from 4.2-2.8 kyr BP and were followed by a stable, more humid phase until today.  相似文献   

对“中白垩世(Albian-Santonian)热带大西洋表层海水温度记录”的评述     

泮燕红  沙金庚 《地层学杂志》2009,33(2)

Forster等依据与δ18O无关的TEX86值来推算古温度的方法,获得了中白垩世(阿尔布期—三冬期)的表层海水温度(SST)记录。中白垩世期间,南美Demerara海隆位于热带大西洋西部,从赛诺曼期SST逐步升高(达31℃—35℃),至赛诺曼期-土仑期界线附近,SST的最高值明显高过35℃;土仑期内出现两次变凉事件(降温约2℃—3℃),打断了中白垩世稳定变暖的趋势;康尼亚克期,SST逐步下降,至三冬期降到了最低值(约32℃—33℃)。这一研究结果表明,在地质时期内,尽管中白垩世代表了典型的温室气候,但仍然很不稳定。驱动气候变化的因素是综合的,主要受地轴与地球赤道间的夹角变化、太阳辐射程度,及地球深部物质和构造运动等因素的影响,其他孤立的事件则很难影响全球性气候变化。气候的变化影响着生物的演化,古气候是研究重大地质事件的重要参数,古生物为研究古气候的最主要的标志之一。  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene climate of the northern Iberian Peninsula: New insights from palaeoglaciers at Fuentes Carrionas (Cantabrian Mountains)     

Ramn Pellitero  Jos M. Fernndez‐Fernndez  Nstor Campos  Enrique Serrano  Alfonso Pisabarro 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):342-354

New ¹⁰Be dates for glacial landforms in the Fuentes Carrionas area (Cantabrian Mountains, nothern Spain) are presented. Mapped and dated landforms in Fuentes Carrionas made possible a palaeoglacier reconstruction for four glacial stages. Results were compared to other nearby palaeoenvironmental proxies, so a final approximation on the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation that caused the four glacial advance stages is proposed. Glaciers reached their maximum extension at 36 ka, in a cold and dry environment. A second advance stage took place between 18.5 and 19.5 ka, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when glaciers advanced in a wet environment, with positive rainfall anomalies. A third glacial advance was dated during the Oldest Dryas, in which climate shifted to extremely cold and dry conditions. Finally, a last stage has been identified and proposed to the Younger Dryas, in which precipitation anomalies are negligible. Our results confirm some of the previously made palaeoglacial and palaeoenvironmental inferences for the Iberian Peninsula, as well as provide valuable and accurate anomalies, which are useful for climate modelling.  相似文献   

An expanded surface-water palaeotemperature inference model for use with fossil midges from eastern Canada   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ian R. Walker  André J. Levesque  Les C. Cwynar  André F. Lotter 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,18(2):165-178

Using an expanded surface sample data set, representing lakes distributed across a transect from southernmost Canada to the Canadian High Arctic, a revised midge-palaeotemperature inference model was developed for eastern Canada. Modelling trials with weighted averaging (with classical and inverse deshrinking; with and without tolerance downweighting) and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression, with and without square-root transformation of the species data, were used to identify the best model. Comparison of measured and predicted temperatures revealed that a 2 component WA-PLS model for square-root transformed percentage species data provided the model with the highest explained variance (r =0.88) and the lowest error estimate (RMSEP _jack =2.26 °C). Comparison of temperature inferences based on the new and old models indicates that the original model may have seriously under-estimated the magnitude of late-glacial temperature oscillations in Atlantic Canada. The new inferences suggest that summer surface water temperatures in Splan Pond, New Brunswick were approximately 10 to 12 °C immediately following deglaciation and during the Younger Dryas. During the Allerod and early Holocene, surface water temperatures of 20 to 24 °C were attained. The new model thus provides the basis for more accurate palaeotemperature reconstructions throughout easternmost Canada.  相似文献   

六盘山东麓晚更新世以来黄土粒度指示的物源特征及演变   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王兆夺  黄春长  杨红瑾  庞奖励  查小春  周亚利 《地理科学》2018,38(5):818-826

在宁夏长城塬完整的晚更新世-全新世黄土-古土壤剖面(长城塬剖面)进行高分辨率采样,对125个样品的粒度数据做了粒度端元分析,并对各端元组分含量在地层深度尺度上做了小波分析。结果认为：端元分析法可以把代表4种不同动力的沉积端元分离出来。端元1可能代表了西风带控制下的由高空气流搬运的远源粉尘物质;端元2可能代表了沉积物沉积后在东亚夏季风作用下的风化以及成壤改造作用;端元3可能代表了后期的淋溶作用动力特征;端元4可能代表了东亚冬季风作用下典型的风成黄土粗颗粒组分特征。根据小波分析认为各端元组分含量在不同的深度上均存在着准周期变化,指示了相对应的时间尺度上古季风变化具有准周期性的特征,同时也说明了沉积剖面一直处于较为连续沉积状态,比较完整地记载了各沉积动力过程。各端元组分在不同的时间尺度上具有不同的准周期性特征。  相似文献   

用黄土地球化学参数进行古气候定量估算的初步尝试   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

孙继敏  刁桂仪 《地球化学》1999,28(3):265-272

尝试了用表土地球化学转换函数恢复渭南剖面最近１３万ａ米的古温度,古降水。结果显示：（１）全新世适宜期及末次间冰期时,降水量显著增加,渭南地区的年降水量可大于７００ｍｍ（２）末次冰期时降水量明显低于全新世适宜期及末次间冰期,但是这一时期有一些次一级的变化;特别与深海Ｏ同位素阶段４对应的时期不仅降水量显著降低,而且还有更次一级的变化;（３０全新世适宜期时,渭南地区的年平均温度在１２－１４℃左右,末次冰  相似文献   

Deglacial palaeoclimate at Puerto del Hambre,subantarctic Patagonia,Chile     

Calvin J. Heusser  Linda E. Heusser  Thomas V. Lowell  Andrs Moreira M.  Simn Moreira M. 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(2):101-114

The primary objective of this study is to further substantiate multistep climatic forcing of late‐glacial vegetation in southern South America. A secondary objective is to establish the age of deglaciation in Estrecho de Magallanes–Bahía Inútil. Pollen assemblages at 2‐cm intervals in a core of the mire at Puerto del Hambre (53°36′21″S, 70°55′53″W) provide the basis for reconstructing the vegetation and a detailed account of palaeoclimate in subantarctic Patagonia. Chronology over the 262‐cm length of core is regulated by 20 AMS radiocarbon dates between 14 455 and 10 089 ¹⁴C yr BP. Of 13 pollen assemblage zones, the earliest representing the Oldest Dryas chronozone (14 455–13 000 ¹⁴C yr BP) records impoverished steppe with decreasing frequencies and loss of southern beech (Nothofagus). Successive 100‐yr‐long episodes of grass/herbs and of heath (Empetrum/Ericaceae) before 14 000 ¹⁴C yr BP infer deglacial successional communities under a climate of increased continentality prior to the establishment of grass‐dominated steppe. The Bølling–Allerød (13 000–11 000 ¹⁴C yr BP) is characterised by mesic grassland under moderating climate that with abrupt change to heath dominance after 12 000 ¹⁴C yr BP was warmer and not as humid. At the time of the Younger Dryas (11 000–10 000 ¹⁴C yr BP), grass steppe expanded with a return of colder, more humid climate. Later, with gradual warming, communities were invaded by southern beech. The Puerto del Hambre record parallels multistep, deglacial palaeoclimatic sequences reported elsewhere in the Southern Andes and at Taylor Dome in Antarctica. Deglaciation of Estrecho de Magallanes–Bahía Inútil is dated close to 14 455 ¹⁴C yr BP, invalidating earlier dates of between 15 800 and 16 590 ¹⁴C yr BP. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献