山东诸城早白垩世中期超大规模恐龙足迹群及其古地理与古生态^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许欢  柳永清  旷红伟  王克柏  陈树清  张艳霞  彭楠  陈军  汪明伟  王宝红 《古地理学报》2013,15(4):467-488

山东诸城黄龙沟恐龙足迹产于下白垩统中部莱阳群杨家庄组,其中以兽脚类为主,同时有蜥脚类和疑似鸟脚类足迹;兽脚类足迹又可进一步区分为大型兽脚类、似跷脚龙类(Paragrallator）和东方强壮百合龙类(Corpulentapus lilasia）。足迹共组成至少63条行迹,作者系统实测了其中50条,并据足迹大小指数—复步长和GAE(跷脚龙—安琪龙—实雷龙）图解给出了识别3类兽脚类足迹的经验性数值。足迹点沉积特征显示,浅湖相粉砂质泥岩和粉砂岩逐渐过渡为滨湖相砂岩。足迹层及其邻近层位波痕、泥裂发育,根据波脊线恢复的古岸线方向为东西向,波浪运动方向呈现出北至北西周期性变化,表明可能存在季节性风向变化。泥裂以及恐龙分布特征显示足迹点以S/WS为湖心方向,以N/EN为湖岸方向。似跷脚龙类和东方强壮百合龙类足迹分布区域的差异性表明东方强壮百合龙类生活区域更靠近湖岸。恐龙足迹中存在的明显叠盖现象表明足迹不是同时,而是多次活动遗迹。小型兽脚类行迹中较多近于平行的行迹体现了集群性生活习性。行进行为研究又显示兽脚类的绝大多数为快速奔跑状态,但蜥脚类等为慢行状态。兽脚类与蜥脚类、疑似鸟脚类足迹数量之比远大于正常捕食者和被捕食者之比也表明,早白垩世中期的胶莱盆地生存着以兽脚类为主、蜥脚类和鸟脚类为辅的恐龙动物群。早白垩世晚期,胶莱盆地以及沂沭断裂带内蜥脚类、鸟脚类恐龙以及鸟类逐渐繁盛,这与华北北部恐龙足迹所恢复的造迹恐龙动物群特征较为一致。中国北方、韩国、日本白垩纪恐龙足迹以及骨骼化石发育情况暗示,晚中生代中国北方以及东亚地区发育一个以恐龙等脊椎动物为主的大型陆地动物群。  相似文献   

Water quality changes in Lake McKenzie,Fraser Island,Australia: a Palaeolimnological approach     

Sarah C. Hembrow  Kathryn H. Taffs 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(3):291-302

Surface water resources are highly valued for their ecological services and functions. However, their quality is under threat from anthropogenic activities and climate change. A detailed understanding of natural aquatic conditions and variability is rare. This is particularly the case in Australia where the variable climate produces significant ecological changes within natural thresholds and few long-term environmental data sets exist. Palaeoecology represents a means to identify natural fluctuations of aquatic ecosystems and provide long-term data for effective environmental management. This study uses a palaeoecological approach to identify biological and sediment changes in Lake McKenzie, Fraser Island, Australia. A sediment core was extracted from the lake and the fossil diatom assemblage and sediment particle size analysed. Inferred environmental changes were detected throughout the core that pre-date European impacts. The likely causes of these changes are climatic oscillations. Further dating is required to establish a detailed chronological record and identify the timing of detected environmental change at Lake McKenzie.  相似文献   

The initiation of Waulsortian buildups in Western Ireland     

François-Xavier Devuyst  & Alan Lees 《Sedimentology》2001,48(5):1121-1148

The contact zone at the base of the Waulsortian (Upper Tournaisian) carbonate mud‐bank complex in western Ireland has been investigated at four localities spaced over a distance of 120 km. At all localities, a transition facies up to 3 m thick, characterized by several types of grumous (clotted and/or peloidal) carbonate muds, immediately underlies the Waulsortian facies. These muds show a developmental sequence provisionally interpreted as a necessary precursor to the formation of Waulsortian polymuds. Such pre‐bank precursors produced thin (a few decimetres) units of transition facies. The same mud types also persisted as an aureole around growing banks (mud‐mounds). Migration of the aureole during bank progradation produced thicker units of transition facies. The distribution of skeletal grain types in the Waulsortian banks, the transition facies and the ‘background’ argillaceous bioclastic limestones show two trends: one regional and one local. The regional trend is expressed by progressive north–south attenuation and, in some cases (for example, plurilocular foraminifera), the disappearance of organism groups. It parallels changes in Waulsortian Phases (defined by skeletal grain‐type assemblages) and is thought to indicate a southerly increase in water depth. The local trend, which occurs only in the two southern localities (deeper water), expresses differences between the skeletal grain content of the various lithofacies. These differences result partly from increased sensitivity to substrate texture by organism groups suffering southward attenuation (notably gastropods, hyalosteliid sponges, aoujgaliids, Earlandia and kirkbyacean ostracods) and partly from selective colonization, particularly of the transition facies, by tabulate corals and stick/ramose bryozoans. However, the developmental sequence of precursor carbonate muds is the same at all localities, indicating that the mud‐making process (probably microbial) was independent of water depth.  相似文献   

川东地区晚三叠世须家河植物群古生态初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

黄其胜  鲁胜梅 《地球科学》1992,17(3):329-335

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黔南晚石炭世造礁珊瑚Ivanovia cf．manchurica古生态特征及成礁机制探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

关长庆巩恩普  张永利孙宝亮 《地质论评》2006,52(2):178-183

黔南晚石炭世生物礁造礁生物研究主要以藻类为主，如叶状藻、管孔藻等。近几年，随着研究的不断深入，我们又陆续发现一些新型的造礁生物。其中重要的一种造礁生物是Ivanovia cf．manchurwa群体泡沫状珊瑚。通过野外观察和室内工作，我们认为：Ivanovia cf．manchurica是黔南晚石炭世的重要造礁生物，在晚石炭世地层中普遍发育，其古生态特征在不同环境中具有明显差异，生长方式明显不同，构成独特的生态类型。lvanovia cf．manchurica主要有四种生长方式：覆盖式、缠绕式、包覆式和孤立分布式。其不同生长方式、古生态类型决定着是否成礁以及成礁方式和礁体规模。其中覆盖式、缠绕式两种生长类型多构成大小不一的礁体，而包覆式、孤立分布式生长类型则分布零散，成礁性不明显。Ivanovia cf．manchuria礁体的发现和造礁生物研究，丰富了晚石炭世生物礁的类型，为F／F事件后石炭纪礁体重建提供了典型实例，有助于石炭纪礁体研究工作的深入开展。  相似文献   

广西田东剖面二叠纪-三叠纪之交的生物绝灭及生态演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李军  杨浩  祁士华 《华南地质与矿产》2007,60(4):50-55

本文以广西田东地区浅海相二叠系-三叠系剖面为研究对象,对二叠纪-三叠纪之交的生物绝灭与浅海生态环境演化进行了深入的探讨。镜下化石鉴定与统计结果表明在P/T界线附近生物物种两次急剧减少,一次为生物大绝灭所致,另一次为生物迁徙所致。另外,本剖面上所研究的物种的数量变化是突变的,而不是渐变的。在残存期内,腹足类生物较有孔虫生物表现出较强的自我恢复和适应环境的能力。整个剖面沉积为一个海浸的过程,其二叠系-三叠系界线之交生态环境发生了很大的变迁。  相似文献   

Evolution of bone-cracking adaptations in hyaenids (Mammalia,Carnivora)     

Marco P. Ferretti 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(1):41-52

The Hyaenidae are one of the most diverse groups of carnivores in terms of body size and craniodental morphology, and as such they represent an ideal case to study the correlation between dental, and skeletal anatomy, and behavioral ecology in mammals. However, a comprehensive analysis, based on extant and fossil forms, including both gross-morphological and microstructural characters, is lacking. In this work, some representatives of the Hyaenidae were examined, in order to document the diversity of the masticatory apparatus, including enamel microstructure, and to trace the evolution of bone-cracking adaptations within this group. Primitive hyaenids lack bonecracking modifications as compared to the generalized carnivore morphotype, in agreement with their insectivorous-omnivorous diet. A key innovation in hyaenid evolution was the acquisition of an enamel dominated by zig-zag Hunter-Schreger bands in the Middle Miocene, marking the transition of the group to the bone-eating niche. The observed morphological changes in hyaenids suggest an increasing degree of specialization towards bone-consumption. Editorial handling: J.-P. Billon-Bruyat & M. Chiari (Guest)  相似文献   

中国贵州中生代四足类足迹化石的回顾与新发现^*     

邢立达  曾嵘  张羽  邱亮  佟柏霖  王董浩 《古地理学报》2021,23(5):873-886

贵州省拥有丰富的中生代脊椎动物化石记录,多为三叠纪海生爬行类化石,侏罗纪和白垩纪的脊椎动物化石较少。目前,贵州省已发现中生代爬行类足迹点9处,分别为贞丰牛场、贞丰龙场、安顺幺铺、赫章辅处、毕节响水(2处)、仁怀茅台、赤水宝源和习水同民足迹点。文中除描述了贞丰龙场新增的一批足迹化石外,整理并总结了所有足迹点的发现史、研究现状、足迹类型与特征以及所反映的古生态信息。已发现的遗迹记录由69条行迹和420个孤立足迹组成,足迹总数达991个。所有的遗迹化石指示了至少477个造迹者,包括海生爬行类、手兽足迹类、非鸟兽脚类、鸟类、蜥脚类和鸟臀类等,其中三叠纪以海生爬行类主导,侏罗纪和白垩纪以蜥臀类主导。这个数据集为贵州中生代古生物类群的多样性提供了重要的信息,是晚中生代稀缺骨骼化石记录的良好补充,为研究贵州省中生代脊椎动物群的古生态与古环境提供了更多的证据。  相似文献   

Site selectivity of the boring Rogerella isp. infesting Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss) (Echinoidea) in the type Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous,Belgium)     

Stephen K. Donovan  John W.M. Jagt  Eric Nieuwenhuis 《Geological Journal》2016,51(5):789-793

A burrowing spatangoid echinoid (heart urchin), Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss), from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (Upper Cretaceous) in Belgium, was infested only in the plates of the ambulacral petals by acrothoracian barnacle borings, Rogerella isp. This infestation was after the death and exhumation of the echinoid. The distribution of Rogerella may indicate the azimuth of current flow at the time of exhumation prior to final burial. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

热河生物群的古生态与古环境：冀北,辽西叶肢介群落古生态与古环境重建   总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18  

王思恩 《地质学报》1999,73(4):289-301,T003

冀北,辽西地区晚侏罗世一早白垩世的叶肢介化石自下而上划分为４个古叶肢介群落,通过叶肢介化石埋藏学,形态功能学和现代化叶肢介生活环境的研究,对古环境进行了重塑,文中讨论了古群落中各类生物的相互关系与地位,并着重论述了叶肢介群落的演变和古环境的变化以及环境变化对群落的作用与影响。  相似文献