热河生物群的古生态与古环境：冀北,辽西叶肢介群落古生态与古环境重建   总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18  

王思恩 《地质学报》1999,73(4):289-301,T003

冀北,辽西地区晚侏罗世一早白垩世的叶肢介化石自下而上划分为４个古叶肢介群落,通过叶肢介化石埋藏学,形态功能学和现代化叶肢介生活环境的研究,对古环境进行了重塑,文中讨论了古群落中各类生物的相互关系与地位,并着重论述了叶肢介群落的演变和古环境的变化以及环境变化对群落的作用与影响。  相似文献   

Famennian Fusulinina (Foraminifera) from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)     

Krystian Wjcik 《Geological Journal》2012,47(6):594-615

Calcareous foraminifers representing 9 species and 5 genera were investigated in two Famennian sections located in the south‐western part of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland. They constitute redeposited material that, together with crinoids and calcareous algae, comprise the dominant component of limestone turbidite beds intercalated with deep‐marine marly sediments. The calcareous material was redeposited from an unknown carbonate platform located probably to the south of the HCM area. The first appearance data of foraminifers, mainly from the quasiendothyrid group, correlated to the Standard Conodont Zonation, indicate a diachronous appearance of the same species in different parts of Europe due to a migration delay from the foraminiferal evolutionary centre located in the south‐eastern shelves of Laurussia in the neighbouring areas. As a result, the Moravian foraminiferal zonation, where index taxa appeared in similar stratigraphic intervals, was chosen as the most applicable to the stratigraphy in the central Polish area. The Quasiendothyra communis–Eonodosaria evlanensis Interzone, the Quasiendothyra communis–Quasiendothyra regularis Zone and Quasiendothyra kobeitusana–Quasiendothyra konensis Zone were distinguished, respectively, in the HCM sections. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A pollen record of the last 450 years from a lowland peat bog on Tristan da Cunha,South Atlantic,implying early anthropogenic influence     

Karl Ljung  Svante Björck 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(7):688-693

A pollen diagram from a small peat bog on the island of Tristan da Cunha in the central South Atlantic (37°05'S,12°17'W) is presented. The pollen diagram contains data from both introduced and native plant taxa. The earliest pollen grains from introduced Plantago lanceolata are dated to around AD 1570, and probably represent unintentional introductions of weeds by the earliest Portuguese explorers visiting the islands. After AD 1600, a greater abundance of pollen from introduced plants and declining tree pollen values indicate opening of the lowland vegetation and more intense land use, probably attributable to the effect of seasonal seal and whale hunters. After AD 1800, evidence of increased erosion and more intense land use are inferred from the pollen diagram, reflecting permanent settlement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Palaeoecological background of the Upper Palaeolithic site of Ságvár,Hungary: radiocarbon-dated malacological and sedimentological studies on the Late Pleistocene environment     

Dávid Molnár  Pál Sümegi  László Makó  Péter Cseh  Christian Zeeden  Janina Nett  Frank Lehmkuhl  Tünde Törőcsik  Balázs P. Sümegi 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(8):1353-1363

In this paper, the authors present new palaeoecological and sedimentological results from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Ságvár, Hungary. Simple (abundance and dominance) and advanced (cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correspondence) statistical analyses of malacological results were carried out, determining eight malacological zones (MZs) and the key species of the fauna evolution in the sequence. Furthermore, an age–depth model was calculated via Bayesian modelling using new radiocarbon age data. The accumulation rate (AR) was calculated by deriving data from the age–depth model. The palaeoecological reconstruction indicated a cool/cold climate and chiefly steppe environment, with low loess ARs. Not only the vegetation cover but also the geographical setting of the sequence could have led to the low AR values. However, in the uppermost part of the sequence, during the GS 3 and GS 2.1c stadials, the reconstructed palaeoclimate indicated a warming period. Nevertheless, this contradiction is not unique in the Carpathian Basin. The settled Upper Palaeolithic hunters around 22 300 cal a bp lived in a progressively warming wooded steppe environment, hunting mainly for reindeer. Climate change might have forced them to migrate away, following the reindeer.  相似文献   

华北晚侏罗世—早白垩世风成砂沉积及其古地理和古生态学意义^*   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许欢  刘海  柳永清  旷红伟  刘燕学  彭楠  董超  薛沛霖  徐加林  陈军 《古地理学报》2013,15(1):11-30

华北晚侏罗世—早白垩世风成砂主要分布于鲁西蒙阴盆地上侏罗统三台组、辽西金—羊盆地上侏罗统—下白垩统土城子组、冀西北尚义盆地上侏罗统—下白垩统土城子组/后城组（原阎家窑组）、鄂尔多斯盆地下白垩统志丹群和甘肃下白垩统河口群。各地风成砂岩均具高角度大型—巨型板状、楔状交错层理及平行层理,分选较好—好,磨圆次棱角状—次圆状等沉积特征。对华北晚侏罗世—早白垩世风成砂赋存层位以及风成砂岩形成时代进行了对比,将风成砂主要划分为3个时期,即基末利期—贝利阿斯期、凡兰吟期—欧特里夫期和欧特里夫期—阿普特期,且从鲁西到甘肃风成砂岩形成时代逐渐变新。通过上述5个地区风成砂的古风向研究发现,当时西北风盛行,古地磁研究显示风成砂岩发育于N25°—N45°之间区域。根据当前全球风带分布特征,认为华北晚侏罗世—早白垩世处于西风带上,为行星风系所控制。通过对比南半球同期风成砂岩古风向研究,提出全球南北半球中纬度地区均处于西风带上。结合风成砂及相应层位沉积特征、沉积环境的研究,初步推测晚侏罗世—早白垩世,华北N30°以北地区为干旱寒冷气候,而N30°以南地区则干旱炎热,华北北部整体处于海拔较高的山地环境,山间盆地发育,火山活动频发。燕辽生物群与热河生物群的演替过程与风成砂沉积相耦合,体现了古地理、古环境对生物群发展的制约作用。  相似文献   

Fire and vegetation history on Santa Rosa Island,Channel Islands,and long‐term environmental change in southern California     

R. Scott Anderson  Scott Starratt  Renata M. Brunner Jass  Nicholas Pinter 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(5):782-797

The long‐term history of vegetation and fire was investigated at two locations – Soledad Pond (275 m; from ca. 12 000 cal. a BP) and Abalone Rocks Marsh (0 m; from ca. 7000 cal. a BP) – on Santa Rosa Island, situated off the coast of southern California. A coastal conifer forest covered highlands of Santa Rosa during the last glacial, but by ca. 11 800 cal. a BP Pinus stands, coastal sage scrub and grassland replaced the forest as the climate warmed. The early Holocene became increasingly drier, particularly after ca. 9150 cal. a BP, as the pond dried frequently, and coastal sage scrub covered the nearby hillslopes. By ca. 6900 cal. a BP grasslands recovered at both sites. Pollen of wetland plants became prominent at Soledad Pond after ca. 4500 cal. a BP, and at Abalone Rocks Marsh after ca. 3465 cal. a BP. Diatoms suggest freshening of the Abalone Rocks Marsh somewhat later, probably by additional runoff from the highlands. Introduction of non‐native species by ranchers occurred subsequent to AD 1850. Charcoal influx is high early in the record, but declines during the early Holocene when minimal biomass suggests extended drought. A general increase occurs after ca. 7000 cal. a BP, and especially after ca. 4500 cal. a BP. The Holocene pattern closely resembles population levels constructed from the archaeological record, and suggests a potential influence by humans on the fire regime of the islands, particularly during the late Holocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evolution of a periglacial landscape in the Late Devensian: environments and palaeobotany of the Mepal area,Cambridgeshire, England     

R. G. West  R. G. O. Burton  R. Andrew  M. E. Pettit 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(1):31-50

The landscape evolution of the Mepal area from Late Devensian Block Fen Terrace times to the beginning of the Flandrian, a period of ca. 8000 radiocarbon years, is reconstructed. Stratigraphy is based on borehole transects and single boreholes, centred on a depression between the Block Fen Terrace and the Isle of Ely. Within the depression is a Devensian late‐glacial sequence, with the Windermere Interstadial represented by radiocarbon‐dated organic sediments. Pollen and plant macroscopic remains of the late‐glacial sediments are analysed. Plant communities with Betula developed in the interstadial. Before and after the interstadial there is much reworked pollen in the inorganic sediments, derived from local pre‐Devensian Pleistocene sediments, including temperate Ipswichian Stage sediments, and from mass‐wasting of the local Jurassic bedrock. Periods of such mass‐movement occur before and after the deposition of the late‐glacial lake sediments. Deposition of aeolian sediment occurs later than the main period of mass movement, but before the Windermere Interstadial. The relationship of the aeolian sediments in time and space to permafrost, indicated by local contraction polygons and cracks, is discussed. Solifluction diverted the flow of the River Great Ouse from a northeast direction in Block Fen Terrace times to a southwest direction as a channel developed to the west of the Chatteris–March ‘island’. This led to a drainage divide in Flandrian times. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic history of Easter Island     

J. R. Flenley  A. Sarah M. King  Joan Jackson  C. Chew  J. T. Teller  M. E. Prentice 《第四纪科学杂志》1991,6(2):85-115

Easter Island occupies an exceptionally isolated position in the south Pacific Ocean. It is entirely volcanic, and is famous for its giant statues. Late Quaternary sediments have been investigated in three craters: Rano Raraku, Rano Aroi and Rano Kao, giving a continuous record over the past 30 Ka. Pollen records indicate that the island was formerly forested. Palynological and sedimentological evidence suggests a Late Pleistocene climate slightly cooler and drier than the present. Deforestation by people occurred mainly between 1200 and 800 yr BP. This may have led to an ecological disaster and to the decline of the megalithic civilization. The depauperation of the present native flora owes more to human activity than to isolation.  相似文献   

六盘山地区寺口子剖面早白垩世晚期的孢粉组合及其环境意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张明震  戴霜  张永全  苗运法  刘俊伟  黄永波  赵杰  刘学 《干旱区地理》2012,35(1):99-108

 研究白垩纪植物演替与气候变化对认识现今生态环境形成过程与演变具有重要意义。基于在我国六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群中发现的45 属孢粉化石,探讨了孢粉组合、古生态与古气候变化特征。孢粉组合以裸子植物为主,蕨类植物次之,前者以松柏纲松杉目占优势,以掌鳞杉(Cheirolepidiaceae)科最为繁盛,尼藤目麻黄科(Ephedraceae)和苏铁目或银杏目占有很大比例;后者以真蕨目包括海金沙科(Lygodiaceae)、莎草蕨科(Schizaeaceae)为主。表明当时植物具有比较明显的多样性,既有生长于远处高山的松杉类高大植物,又有近湖低山及湖岸一带的掌鳞杉科及蕨类植物,湖泊水体中生长着淡水藻类。孢粉植物群的这种特征揭示出该地区在早白垩世晚期气候炎热干燥,并且可以划分为116~112 Ma的气温相对较低和112~103 Ma的气温波动升高两个阶段,这种变化与全球古气候的变化趋势一致,说明寺口子剖面孢粉记录的气候变化与对全球气候变化是响应的。  相似文献   

Late Carboniferous palaeobotany of the upper Bideford Formation, north Devon: a coastal setting for a Coal Measures flora     

Christopher J. Cleal 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2004,115(3):267-281

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