玛纳斯湖的形成和演变     

王道经 《遥感学报》1991,(4)

据根卫星影像图解译,结合其他资料分析,论述玛纳斯湖的形成和演化,它既受地质构造和古气候的制约,也受人类活动的影响。玛纳斯古湖盆形成于中更新世柯克台不爽冰期,晚更新世开始退缩,全新世进而萎缩、解体,以致衰竭、消亡。  相似文献   

Vegetation and climate of the last glacial-interglacial cycle in Southern Illinois,USA     

Hong Zhu  Richard G. Baker 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1995,14(3):337-354

Raymond Basin and Bald Knob Basin, Montgomery County, Illinois, formed as kettles during Illinoian time. Fossil pollen from these basins provides information on vegetation and climate during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. The pollen profile at Raymond Basin contains an expanded Sangamonian section and an early Wisconsinan section, but both are missing the late Wisconsinan. The ages for the following pollen zones are estimated by correlation with the deep-sea ¹⁸O record.In the late Illinoian,Picea-Pinus pollen zone 1, dating from about 150–130 ka, represents an apparently closed boreal coniferous forest indicating a cold late-glacial climate. The Sangamonian includes three major pollen zones ranging from about 130–75 ka. The early Sangamonian is represented byQuercus-Ulmus-Carya-Fagus dominance in zone 2, indicating vegetation comparable to the modern deciduous forest and climate that was warm and moist. The middle Sangamonian in zone 3, which is characterized byAmbrosia-Poaceae-Cupressaceae-Quercus pollen, suggests a savanna vegetation and a warm, dry climate. The late Sangamonian is subdivided into aQuercus-Ulmus-Carya subzone (4a) that indicates a mesic forest and greater precipitation; aQuercus-Ambrosia subzone (4b) that suggests drier climate and savanna conditions; and aQuercus-Liquidambar-Carya subzone (4c), containing the southeastern forest element,Liquidambar, suggesting the peak in warmth and moisture. The early Wisconsinan is represented by a transitionalPicea-Chenopodiineae zone (5). This unusual assemblage suggests a cool prairie-like vegetation, perhaps with scatteredPicea trees at the end of that depositional interval. The Middle Wisconsinan is marked by the return of high percentages ofPicea andPinus pollen in zone 6. The latest pollen zone (7) is dominated by Chenopodiineae pollen and is absent at Raymond Basin. It is most likely Holocene in age, and probably represents prairie conditions and warm, dry climate.Apparent surface-temperature and apparent effective-moisture curves were derived from the first detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) axis of the pollen data. The first axis correlates well with the normalized deep-sea ¹⁸O curve of sea surface temperature, and the second is controlled mainly by precipitation. The interglacial vegetation differs from that predicted by models driven by orbitally-induced insolation curves.This is the 9th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994; at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers.  相似文献   

Deciphering some unique paleotemperature indicators in halite-bearing saline lake deposits from Death Valley, California, USA     

Sheila M. Roberts  Ronald J. Spencer  Wenbo Yang  H. Roy Krouse 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(1):101-130

Saline lake deposits are arguably the best source of mid- to low-latitude terrestrial paleoclimate data. Alternating clastic sediments and evaporites of different chemical composition have long been recognized as sensitive records of changes in inflow and aridity related to a variety of climate parameters. Several sources of paleotemperature information from a halite-bearing saline lake deposit are described here – pseudomorphs of a cold-temperature evaporite mineral, homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in halite, and stable-isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in halite. Examples of these paleoclimate data come from analysis of the lower half of a 185-m core drilled in Pleistocene saline lake deposits at Death Valley, California. Daily and seasonal temperature variations in saline lake waters create conditions for the appearance and disappearance of temperature-dependent mineral phases. In the Death Valley core, hexagonal-shaped halite crystals, probable pseudomorphs of the cold-temperature hydrous mineral, hydrohalite (NaCl2H₂O), provide evidence of brine temperatures below about 0 °C. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in primary halite offer an actual (not proxy) record of surface-brine temperatures. Samples with primary fluid-inclusion textures are carefully selected and handled, and data are collected from single-phase aqueous-brine inclusions chilled to nucleate vapor bubbles. Temperature variations are observable at scales of individual halite crystals (hours to days), single halite beds (weeks to months or years), and multiples of beds to entire facies (hundreds to tens of thousands of years). A ¹⁸O/D stable isotope record from the minute quantities of brines in fluid inclusions in halite is accessible using a method recently developed at the University of Calgary. The stable isotope record from the Death Valley core, a complex response to climate variables including temperature, humidity, storm patterns or seasons, and inflow sources, compliments and expands the interpretation emerging from the stratigraphy and homogenization temperatures.  相似文献   

Environmental magnetism: an introduction   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

Dekkers  M.J. 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1997,76(1-2):163-182

In environmental magnetism, the properties of magnetic minerals are used as proxy parameters for many purposes. Examples are paleoclimate analysis, paleoceanographic studies, provenance studies of sediments, studies of anthropogenically-induced pollution, and archeological investigations. Mineral-magnetic techniques are sensitive, require little sample preparation, are rapid, often grain-size indicative, and usually non-destructive. These techniques involve bulk properties which makes them complementary to geochemical micro-analytical techniques. Measurements include the field- and temperature-dependence of various types of induced and remanent magnetizations. Mineral-magnetic methods are continuously being improved. The underlying causal relations between observed mineral-magnetic properties and the processes that led to those properties, are becoming increasingly better understood, and the extended use of such properties as proxy parameters for many processes is foreseen. The following environmental magnetic applications are reviewed: the analysis of paleoclimatic variations in loess and other sediment types, the untangling of sedimentary features in piston cores, and the interpretation of the anthropogenic impact on the environment, in archeological studies and in studies of present-day pollution. The pathway between the provenance area and depositional site is shown to have a crucial impact on the magnetic properties.  相似文献   

中国历史文献档案中的古环境记录   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

张德二 《地球科学进展》1998,13(3):273-277

我国的历史文献记录是古气候、古环境信息的重要来源,对古全球变化（PAGES）研究计划的目标时段——近2000年（人文记录和自然记录并存的时段）来说,尤其具有重要的科学价值。介绍了我国古文献中的古气候、古环境记录的概况和各项记录如水、旱、雨、雪等的数量统计,综述了这些记录被用于重建定量的气候序列、绘制历史气候复原图、编制古环境事件年表、获取高分辨率的古气候信息诸方面的主要进展。  相似文献   

闽中沿海若干沉积物样品的孢粉组合   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴学忠 《台湾海峡》1994,13(1):94-100

本文选择福建沿海中段莆田，惠安，泉州等地，晚更新世以来１０个露头剖面沉积物样品进行孢粉研究，得出本地区晚更新世以来的１０个孢粉组合，根据＾１４Ｃ测年结果，划分了各孢粉组合所相应的地质时代，探讨了不同地质时代粉组合所反映的古植被，古气候。  相似文献   

闽北沿岸晚第四纪孢粉组合,古植被和古气候   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陆继军 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,14(1):23-33

福建北部沿岸晚第四纪地层中的孢粉化石含有八个综合孢粉带，即八个古值被和古气候演替阶段。其中阶段１冷而干燥（Ｑ３＾２－１）；阶段２暖而湿润（Ｑ＾２－２）；阶段３冷而干燥（Ｑ３＾３）；阶段４暖而稍湿（Ｑ４＾１）；阶段５暖而稍干（Ｑ４＾１）；阶段６热而湿润（Ｑ４＾２－１）；阶段７温暖略干（Ｑ４＾２－２）；阶段８气候状况接近现代（Ｑ４＾３）。  相似文献   

试论青藏高原第四纪沉积地球化学演化与环境变迁   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

余素华  文启忠 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(4):97-106

本文扼要介绍最近几年青藏高原第四纪沉积物的元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、有机地球化学和矿物学及其与气候环境关系研究的一些新进展。青藏高原第四纪沉积地球化学信息综合分析，初步建立了长、短期时间尺度的气候曲线。揭示了青藏高原强烈隆升引起的气候环境配制的改变，即在３．４０－０．７３ＭａＢ，Ｐ．高原强烈隆升，亚洲季风稳定形成，气候以干冷、湿暖型波动为主；０．７３ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来高原再次强烈隆升，气候环境愈趋干旱；进入全新世以来，出现凉干、暖干、暖湿和冷湿的多种气候波动模式。在空间格局上划分二个地球化学沉积区，即西藏和新疆为富镁区；青海为富钾区。还揭示了青藏高原湖泊沉积地球化学的分带性，其分带规律与高原隆起的差异性是一致的。此外，青藏地区风化壳和古土壤的地球化学演化与高原古气候变迁也有紧密联系。  相似文献   

海洋沉积粘土矿物与全球变化研究的探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

孔祥乐  项海光 《海洋湖沼通报》2003,(1):22-26

本文对我国粘土矿物的科研成果进行了初步综述，概述了海洋沉积粘土矿物在全球变化研究中的作用，探讨了海洋沉积粘土矿物的古环境，古气候指示意义。  相似文献   

霞浦No.1孔晚第四纪古气候因子的定量估算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

陆继军 《台湾海峡》1995,14(1):32-39

本文使用孢粉图式、最优分割、对应分析和Q型聚类分析方法，将福建霞浦No.1孔的孢粉划分为8个孢粉组合带，并由此推论出8个植被演替阶段。依据对应分析结果和一系列热力学计算公式，本文估算了该孢粉所反映的古气候因子。它们包括年平均温度、相对温度、绝对湿度、水汽压、年蒸发量、干燥度、年降水量。并依据之些古气候因子，认为该孔孢粉反映的该地区晚第四纪古气侯有7个阶段。  相似文献