Late Pleistocene pollen assemblages from the Thimi Formation, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal     

Khum N.  Paudayal 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):328-337

Abstract   The Thimi Formation, constituting the upper part of the sedimentary sequence of the Kathmandu Valley, is characterized by alternation of fine- to medium-grained sand, silt, silty clay and clay deposited by a distal fluvial system in the Late Pleistocene. Palynostratigraphy based on 40 samples revealed the dominance of gymnosperm taxa over angiosperms and herbaceous members. As the different species Pinus and Quercus grow at different altitudes in Nepal today, an attempt was made to identify these taxa up to species level for climate interpretations. Gymnosperms, such as Pinus wallichiana , Pinus roxburghii, Abies spectabilis , Tsuga dumosa and Picea smithiana , were dominant over the woody angiosperms, such as Quercus lanata, Quercus lamellosa , Quercus leucotrichophora , Quercus semecarpifolia, Betula, Juglans, Myrica, Castanopsis and Symplocos . The pollen diagram of the Thimi Formation shows only minor fluctuations in assemblage. The pollen assemblages indicate the prevalence of a cool and temperate climate during the late Pleistocene. This is confirmed by the high percentages of Poaceae and other herbaceous plants, with very few woody angiosperms.  相似文献   

黄河源区冰楔假型群的发育及其古气候意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

程捷  张绪教  田明中  于文洋  唐德翔  岳建伟 《第四纪研究》2006,26(1):92-98

在黄河源区两岸的第二级阶地砂砾层和基座中发现了两种不同形态的冰楔假型群。一种是发育在阶地砂砾石层的冰楔假型,其特点宽而浅,底部边界呈圆滑锅状,深约0.5~0.9m,宽0.8~1.4m;另一种是发育在第二级阶地基座的基岩中,以窄深倒三角状为特点,其底部尖锐,深约0.7~2.0m,宽为0.3~1.0m。前者形成于全新世中期(5.69±0.43kaB.P.,5.43±0.41kaB.P.),后者形成于末次冰期的冰消期(13.49±1.43kaB.P.)。另外,还在洪积的砂砾石层中发现了规模较大的冻融褶皱(宽3~4m),其时代晚于39.83±3.84kaB.P.,也是末次冰期的产物。根据冰楔假型的对比研究,在全新世的中期(约5.5kaB.P.前后)和冰消期,黄河源区的降温幅度达6~7℃。尤其值得注意的是全新世中期的冰楔假型形成,表明了大暖期气温的不稳定性。  相似文献   

洛川黄土剖面末次冰期间冰段弱古土壤 (L₁ SS₁)分子化石及其古植被与古环境^*   总被引：5，自引：9，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨明生  张虎才  雷国良  张文翔  樊红芳  常凤琴  牛洁  陈玥 《第四纪研究》2006,26(6):976-984

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对连续取样的洛川黄土剖面弱古土壤层(L₁ SS₁)和相邻黄土层(L₁LL₁,L₁LL₂)的分子化石进行了检测,获得正构烷烃、正烷基-2-酮和酰胺等种类众多、丰度较高的分子化石。W_草/植=nC₃₁/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁),W_木/植=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁)和W_木/草=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/nC₃₁记录了草本与植被、木本与植被、木本与草本比例变化规律的古植被信息。检测样品的CPI值为5.60~11.50,地质作用影响较小;通过磁化率、粒度和分子化石指标的相关性分析,认为磁化率、粒度记录了环境变化及主要气候事件(相关系数达-0.81);而分子化石能较好地反映古植被变化。当气候环境由干冷向温湿变化、水热配置条件改善时,植被变化响应较迅速;当环境恶化、转向干冷时,响应较弱或滞后,这种现象可能是由于植被生态系统稳定性造成的结果。整个研究剖面段样品以nC₃₁为主峰的高碳数优势,分子化石表明末次冰期间冰段洛川地区(黄土高原)发育草本植被而没有出现以森林为主的植被。  相似文献   

我国中低纬度末次冰消期气候转暖 与高纬度气候变化的关系^*   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王淑云  吕厚远  刘嘉麒 《第四纪研究》2006,26(2):283-292

末次冰消期转暖的过程和机制一直是古气候研究的热点,然而对于末次冰消期全球气候在时间、空间上的变化以及热带低纬度地区在其中发挥的作用仍不明确。文章根据我国中低纬度地区的湖光岩玛珥湖、渭南黄土剖面和东海DGKS9603孔沉积物中的植硅体等环境指标的分析,研究了末次冰消期在这些地区的变化特点,并结合古里雅冰芯和南京葫芦洞石笋氧同位素记录与南极BYRD冰芯、北极格陵兰GRIP冰芯氧同位素记录进行了对比。结果表明,各地区转暖的时间并不同步,明显受印度洋季风或东南季风影响的古里雅、湖光岩地区是气候转暖较早的地区,格陵兰地区的快速转暖滞后于我国中低纬度转暖1.5~2.0ka以上。如何理解高纬度和热带低纬度地区气候转暖的差异性问题及其原因和机制有待于更多高分辨率气候记录研究和模型的检验。  相似文献   

Western Pacific in glacial cycles:Seasonality in marginal seas and variabilities of Warm Pool   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Pinxian Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(1):35-41

A serics of low-latitude marginal seas, ranging from the southern South China Sea in the north to the Arafura Sea in the south, are located within the Western Pacific Warm Pool. As shown by rnicropaleontological, isotopical and organic geochemical analyses, the sea surface temperatures in the marginal seas at the last glacial maximum were much cooler than those in the open Western Pacific Ocean. The emergence of extensive shelves of the marginal seas at the glacial low sea-level stand and the decrease of surface temperatures in their deeper water parts resulted in a remarkable reduction of the ability of vapor and heat transport to the atmosphere, causing variabilities to the Warm Pool in the glacial cycles. The intensification of winter monsoon at the glacial stages not only led to a decrease of the surface water temperature and hence to an enhanced seasonality, but also carried moisture from the sea to the tropical islands, giving rise to the downward shift of snowline and mountainous vegetation zones there. It may offer a new alternative in solution of the “Tropical Ocean Paleo-temperature Enigma”. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49576286).  相似文献   

Holocene History of the Chocó Rain Forest from Laguna Piusbi, Southern Pacific Lowlands of Colombia     

Hermann Behling  Henry Hooghiemstra  Alvaro José Negret 《Quaternary Research》1998,50(3):300-308

A high-resolution pollen record from a 5-m-long sediment core from the closed-lake basin Laguna Piusbi in the southern Colombian Pacific lowlands of Chocó, dated by 11 AMS¹⁴C dates that range from ca. 7670 to 220¹⁴C yr B.P., represents the first Holocene record from the Chocó rain forest area. The interval between 7600 and 6100¹⁴C yr B.P. (500–265 cm), composed of sandy clays that accumulated during the initial phase of lake formation, is almost barren of pollen. Fungal spores and the presence of herbs and disturbance taxa suggest the basin was at least temporarily inundated and the vegetation was open. The closed lake basin might have formed during an earthquake, probably about 4400¹⁴C yr B.P. From the interval of about 6000¹⁴C yr B.P. onwards, 200 different pollen and spore types were identified in the core, illustrating a diverse floristic composition of the local rain forest. Main taxa are Moraceae/Urticaceae,Cecropia,Melastomataceae/Combretaceae,Acalypha, Alchornea,Fabaceae,Mimosa, Piper, Protium, Sloanea, Euterpe/Geonoma, Socratea,andWettinia.Little change took place during that time interval. Compared to the pollen records from the rain forests of the Colombian Amazon basin and adjacent savannas, the Chocó rain forest ecosystem has been very stable during the late Holocene. Paleoindians probably lived there at least since 3460¹⁴C yr B.P. Evidence of agricultural activity, shown by cultivation ofZea maissurrounding the lake, spans the last 1710 yr. Past and present very moist climate and little human influence are important factors in maintaining the stable ecosystem and high biodiversity of the Chocó rain forest.  相似文献   

高分辨率洞穴石笋中稳定同位素应用——北京元大都建立后对森林资源的破坏—δ~(13)C记录   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

李红春  顾德隆  陈文寄  袁道先  李铁英 《地质论评》1998,44(5):456-463

对采自北京西山石花洞内的石笋进行了δ~(18)O,δ~(13)C和Mg/Sr分析,获得分辨率为25a的北京地区3000a以来的古气候和古环境信息。以δ~(18)O和D_(Mg/Ca)作为气候变化信息,证实石笋δ~(13)C反映了古气候变化对植被的影响。当石笋δ~(13)C值增大时,表示C_3/C_4植物比值降低,气候变干热;当石笋δ~(13)C值减小时,表示C_3/C_4植物比值升高,气候变湿冷。同时,笔者也发现了北京元大都建立以来对森林资源的破坏。在650B P至360B P,从元大都建立到明代晚期北京外城的增筑,北京西山林木被砍伐用于建筑和烧制木炭,使得这一地区的植被遭受重大改变。C_3/C_4植物的比值大幅度降低,石笋的δ~(13)C值增大3‰。尽管在此之后的气候条件有利于C_3植物的发育,但这一地区的植被没有恢复到受人类破坏前的水平。通过与历史资料对比,证明石笋中的δ~(13)C记录的确能反映C_3/C_4植物比值的分配变化,从而可以间接地反演古气候和人类活动的影响。  相似文献   

陕西渭南黄土剖面系列链烃化合物的分布与古气候意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

颜备战  贾蓉芬 《地球化学》1998,27(2):180-186

用ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析了陕西渭南阳郭剖面Ｓ０－Ｌ１－Ｓ１层段代表性样品的链烃组分与分布。古土壤和黄土亚层中正烷烃呈不对称双峰分布,前组峰位于Ｃ１６－Ｃ２４,主峰为Ｃ１８;后组峰高于前组峰,主峰为Ｃ３１,ＣＰＩ值为２－０４。  相似文献   

Plinian式火山喷发柱最大高度定量计算模式探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭正府 《地质科技情报》1998,17(1):103-107

Ｐｌｉｎｉａｎ式火山喷发柱最大高度是研究火山喷发对环境、气候影响时空范围的重要物理学参数,在分析了影响Ｐｌｉｎｉａｎ式火山喷发柱最大高度诸因素的基础上认为,火山喷发的质量通量是反映火山喷发柱最大高度最有效并且在实际中可以进行测量的参数之一,以此为基础,利用目前实测的火山喷发柱最大高度的数值与火山喷发质量通量的结果,建立两者的相关方程为：Ｈ＝０．２×Ｍ０．２８。  相似文献   

从古气候探讨新疆北部石炭—二叠纪生油层位     

吴绍祖 《新疆地质》1998,(1)

不同沉积矿产的形成经常有不同的古气候背景。石油的生成与炎热气候关系密切。炎热气候和长期稳定的还原环境对油气的形成最有利。新疆北部早石炭世、早二叠世处于炎热气候条件下 ,克拉麦里以南的南准噶尔在晚石炭世也基本处于炎热气候条件下。早石炭世晚期北准噶尔、伊犁地区都有稳定的弱氧化环境下的碳酸盐沉积 ,早石炭世晚期—晚石炭世早期的准噶尔 ,晚石炭世—早二叠世早期准噶尔南缘、西北缘海相沉积都有深水宁静的还原环境。早二叠世晚期准噶尔南缘、东准噶尔、吐鲁番有深水湖泊。上述地区和层位对生油是有利的  相似文献