青海木里三露天冻土天然气水合物气源性质研究     

卢振权  唐世琪  王伟超  谭盼盼  李清海  刘文进  刘昌岭  李永红 《现代地质》2015,29(5):995-1001

祁连山木里地区自2008年首次钻获到天然气水合物实物样品以来,其气源问题一直成为焦点。此次重点对神华青海能源开发有限责任公司投资项目实施的青海木里三露天天然气水合物系列钻井的岩心解析气的组成与甲烷碳及氢同位素、岩心顶空气的组成等进行了分析,结合不同钻井天然气水合物本身的气体组成和甲烷碳及氢同位素特征,进一步探讨了该区天然气水合物气源的成因与性质。结果显示：研究区内气源为混合成因,其中东部地区气源以微生物成因气为主,并混合少量热成因气;中西部地区气源以热成因气为主,其热解气具有原油裂解气特征,少部分具微生物改造气特征,同时还混合有部分微生物气及少量煤成气。  相似文献   

祁连山水合物分布区不同高寒生态类型冬季表层土壤中古菌群落及变化特征     

李月娇  苏新  祝有海  卢振权  魏士平  崔鸿鹏  李来鹏  刘晖  张帅 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1047-1060

祁连山冻土区是我国青藏高原重要永久冻土区之一,也是我国陆域天然气水合物分布的重要地区。前期调查表明祁连山木里天然气水合物钻井区一带具 有丰富多样的高寒冻土生态类型。为了解该地区高寒草甸和高寒沼泽草甸表层土壤中古菌群落的多样性及分布特征,对2014年初冬在该区采集的表层土壤样品利用16S rRNA分子生物学技术和 地球化学等方法进行了分析和研究。结果显示,高寒草甸区土壤呈中性,而高寒沼泽草甸区土壤呈弱酸性。钻井区土壤中的TOC和顶空气甲烷含量均显著高于背景区,而在背景区内的两种生态 类型土壤中的TOC和顶空气甲烷含量差别较小。钻井区(除1个点)微生物细胞丰度高于背景区2~5倍。冬季表层土壤中的古菌多样性较低,含泉古菌的3个类群和广古菌的3个类群。不同植被类型 古菌群落的优势种群显著不同,在高寒草甸区为泉古菌门的Group Ⅰ.1b,而高寒沼泽草甸区为广古菌门的甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)。根据研究结果推测,土壤水分可能是导致高 寒草甸区和高寒沼泽草甸区细胞丰度和古菌群落差异的一个主要原因,高寒沼泽草甸区内产甲烷菌占优势可能与土壤高TOC含量有关。高寒沼泽草甸土壤中存在较丰富的产甲烷古菌,它们在厌 氧条件下的甲烷氧化作用也是土壤中甲烷来源之一。  相似文献   

青海木里三露天冻土区天然气水合物钻孔岩心顶空气组成及指示意义     

唐世琪  卢振权  王伟超  谭盼盼  李清海  刘文进  李永红 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1201-1213

对青海木里三露天地区DK8-19、DK10-16、DK10-17、DK11-14、DK12-13、DK13-11共6个天然气水合物钻孔岩心顶空气气体组分进行分析测试,并 将获得的各孔岩心顶空气组分含量变化与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段、断层或破碎带分布之间的空间关系进行对比分析。结果显示：6个钻孔岩心顶空气中烃类气体高含量区间 均与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段具较好的对应关系,其高值区间可作为天然气水合物、油气显示的一种指示;距断层或破碎带产出位置不同的岩心顶空气组分含量变化特征显 示,不同级次的断裂系统为烃类气体向上运移提供通道,部分可为天然气水合物提供赋存空间。研究结果说明顶空气组成对天然气水合物及其异常现象、油气显示现象、烃类气体运移作用有 重要指示意义。  相似文献   

青海木里三露天天然气水合物野外现场识别方法研究     

王伟超  张文龙  樊海军  李永红  刘文进  李星  魏毅 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1144-1150

天然气水合物的野外识别是其勘查工作和分析研究的工作基础。我国陆域冻土区天然气水合物勘查工作程度低,且其赋存环境、产出形态和成藏机理等特 征与海域天然气水合物存在显著差异,由此也决定并急需寻找一套新的、系统的陆域冻土区天然气水合物的野外识别方法。通过对近两年青海煤炭地质局一0五勘探队在青海木里三露天地区实 施系列钻井中天然气水合物识别方法的不断分析和总结,建立了以天然气水合物冰状、沸腾、渗水现象为直接识别标志和以气测录井、岩心解析为有效鉴别方法等为主的天然气水合物野外现 场识别方法。经过进一步验证表明,以天然气水合物典型物理化学特征为支撑,以研究区零星、分散产出和连续性、对比性差等对识别水合物不利特征为客观前提建立的天然气水合物野外现 场系统识别方法可靠性高、适用性更强更广。最后,对诸多围绕天然气水合物的异常标识、直接标志和技术方法以流程的方式梳理和总结了其识别工作方法。  相似文献   

Design Recommendations for Pile Subjected to Cyclic Load     

Sudip Basack 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):356-360

Pile foundations subjected to cyclic load is an age-old problem dealt with for decades by geotechnical engineers. The ocean environment necessitates the piles supporting offshore structures to be designed against lateral cyclic loading initiated by wave action. Substantial experimental and analytical investigations have already been conducted by the author and other researchers. The quasi-static load reversal induces deterioration in the strength and stiffness of the soil-pile system introducing progressive reduction in the bearing capacity as well as settlement of the pile foundation, the degree of such degradation has been observed to be a function of the cyclic load parameters and the type of soil. Based on these observations, a design recommendation has been attempted in this paper for piles subjected to cyclic load in cohesive soil.  相似文献   

Back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel considering the degradation of ground and concrete lining     

Joon-Sang An 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):517-523

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of the stability of subsea tunnels during operation is very important considering the risks involved with subsea tunnels. Although a large volume of monitoring information can be obtained, back analysis has been performed based on the internal displacement. In this study, the efficiency of an estimation of the safety of an operating subsea tunnel has been improved by implementing the back analysis algorithm based on various monitoring information. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted for back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel. The differential evolution algorithm was improved to accommodate the multiple target variables for back analysis, such as the elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle of the ground, and the time-dependent elastic modulus of concrete lining. In addition, the elastic modulus of the concrete lining and the properties of reinforced ground can be evaluated with the proposed algorithm using a range of monitoring data, such as the internal displacement and stress acting on the lining. In summary, back analysis with a differential evolution algorithm can be used to evaluate the stability of an operating subsea tunnel.  相似文献   

Miniature LVDT setup for local strain measurement on cement-treated clay specimens     

Huawen Xiao  Fook Hou Lee  Jiahui Ho  Yong Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):568-577

ABSTRACT

Miniature submersible linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is commonly used for small strain stiffness measurement. However, it has not been widely used on cement-treated clays. This paper proposes a method of installing and setting up submersible LVDT to minimize testing problems and errors for cement-treated clays. In soft clay testing, the LVDT mount can be anchored to the specimen by pressed-in anchor pins or rods. However, this cannot be done on cement-treated clay due to the latter’s hardness. Preliminary trials also indicate that direct attachment of the LVDT mounts to the membrane without anchor pins is not feasible owing to the tendency of the LVDT to tilt and detach from the specimen. The system adopted involves pre-casting holes for the insertion of anchor pins during placement of the admixture into the moulds. The diameter of the anchors pins was found to have significant effect on the results; smaller diameter pins give more consistent results with those of resonant column and bender element tests. This can be attributed to the effect of stress concentration around the anchor pins. The results showed that, used appropriately, submersible LVDTs can give small strain measurements which have a high degree of inner consistency with results from resonant column and bender element tests.  相似文献   

海草生态系统退化机制及修复对策综述     

毛伟  赵杨赫  何博浩  贾碧莹  李卫东 《中国沙漠》2022,42(1):87-95

人类活动和全球气候变化使得海草生态系统快速退化,形成大面积"海底荒漠",降低了海草生态系统的生态服务功能.近年来,由于各国政府对海洋资源的逐渐重视,海草生态系统的修复进入了一个新的历史阶段.然而,目前成功修复退化海草生态系统的案例很少,急需修复生态学理论对海草修复实践进行指导.基于此,本研究系统论述了海草修复的意义、难...  相似文献   

MUDBOIL AND ICE‐WEDGE DYNAMICS INVESTIGATED BY ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY,GROUND TEMPERATURES AND SURFACE MOVEMENTS IN SVALBARD     

TATSUYA WATANABE  NORIKAZU MATSUOKA  HANNE H. CHRISTIANSEN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(4):445-457

Arctic tundra surfaces are dominated by a variety of patterned ground forms. Whereas a large number of studies have described morphology, structure and processes of patterned ground, few have monitored detailed patterned ground dynamics and subsurface environments continuously. We applied electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to understand near‐surface conditions of two types of patterned ground, ice‐wedge polygons and mudboils in Svalbard, where periglacial processes associated with permafrost are intensively monitored. Automated monitoring shows surface movement characterized by annual cycles of frost heave and thaw settlement, the amounts and rates of which are influenced by the intensity of ice segregation. A time series of ERT shows (1) a distinct resistivity boundary delimiting the active‐layer depth, (2) seasonal variation in resistivity controlled by thermo‐hydrological dynamics and (3) spatial variation in resistivity reflecting desiccation in summer and intensive ice segregation in winter. These results demonstrate ERT as a useful complementary technique for monitoring active‐layer depths and near‐surface hydrological conditions at periglacial patterned ground sites, where automated soil thermal and moisture measurements are limited.  相似文献   

近15 a来黄河源地区玛多县草地植被退化的遥感动态监测          下载免费PDF全文

徐剑波  宋立生  赵之重  胡月明  刘畅 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):615-622

 依据草地退化国家标准和黄河源区草地退化的实际情况,选取草地覆盖度、植株高度、地上生物量、牧草可食率、土壤有机质5个重要指标建立黄河源区玛多县草地植被退化监测和评价指标体系。利用遥感影像和GIS技术,结合实地调查和采样测定,对5个评价指标在遥感影像上进行反演,并进行图层的加权叠加,得出玛多县草地退化的时空特征。结果表明：玛多县草地在1994年已经出现了较为严重的退化现象,退化草地的空间分布格局已经基本形成,并且草地的退化过程一直在继续。2009年草地退化空间特征显示在气候变化较为敏感区域、河道两侧、鼠害严重以及靠近居民点等区域草地退化较为严重。通过对4期草地退化情况进行对比分析,发现1994-2001年间玛多草地植被退化情况最严重,重度退化面积高达1 355 943.30 hm2,占草地面积的86.53%。2001-2006年间和2006-2009年间重度退化、较大退化和中度退化草地的面积都下降较大,同时退化的速度已经有了较大缓和,黄河源头地区草地生态系统得到初步恢复  相似文献