青藏高原草地生态系统碳收支研究进展   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

王军邦  黄玫  林小惠 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):123-128

陆地生态系统碳收支仍然是当前全球气候变化研究的重要内容,青藏高原作为全球气候变化的敏感区,使青藏高原草地生态系统在区域碳收支平衡中占有主导地位,但研究方法等不同使得碳收支估算结果存在很大的不确定性。气候变暖在一定程度上提高了高寒草地生态系统的植被初级生产力和生物量,由此补偿了气候变暖导致的土壤有机碳分解释量,使青藏高原草地植被仍然发挥着碳汇的功能。而人类放牧活动对草地生态系统的影响较为复杂。因此,如何区分气候变化和人类活动对生态系统的影响机制,定量评价未来气候变化和人类活动影响下,青藏高原生态系统碳源/汇格局的可能变化,是一个非常重要的研究方向,也是一个极大的挑战。  相似文献   

Re-recognition of the Dajiuhu Wetland in Shennongjia Mountains,Central China     

XIAO Fei  DU Yun  XUE Huaiping  LING Feng  BAN Xuan 《湿地科学》2012,10(3):278-284

The Dajiuhu wetland,a famous sub-alpine wetland located in the the Shennongjia Mountains,north-subtropical region of Central China,has suffered from adverse impacts of unsustainable human practices over the past 60 years.The Dajiuhu wetland reflects the development process that has been accompanied by human activities.Based on field survey data,high resolution remote sensing image and historical records,the present paper provided a review on exploitation and restoration of the wetland.The results showed that the Dajiuhu wetland degraded quickly from 1950 to 2005.During that time,bog shrinkage,lake disappearance,biodiversity decline,sphagnum reduction,and vegetation succession from wetland communities to terrestrial communities in the Dajiuhu wetland,which were the main manifestations of the wetland degradation.Human activities,such as agricultural reclamation and construction of drainage works,have been the main factors resulting in ecological degradation of the wetland since 1986.Poverty and the short-term economic benefits had been the driving forces for wetland drainage and reclamation over the past years.  相似文献   

盐城滨海湿地退化评估及分区诊断   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谷东起  付军  闫文文  丛柏林 《湿地科学》2012,10(1):1-7

根据野外监测数据和遥感信息解译结果,分析了盐城滨海湿地生态特征,定量评估了湿地退化程度,分区探讨了导致湿地退化的主导因素。结果表明:①盐城滨海湿地的主要植物为盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)和芦苇(Phragmitesau stralis)。受湿地基底稳定性和土壤盐度影响,湿地植被呈现出明显的东西分带、南北分区的特点,地带性分布规律明显。②盐城滨海湿地景观类型可以划分为河口水域、盐地碱蓬滩、芦苇沼泽、互花米草沼泽、耕地、建筑用地、养殖池、盐田和光滩9种类型。由于自然因素和人为活动影响,自1980年以后,研究区景观格局发生了巨大变化。自然景观面积减少了33%,人工景观增加了180%。自然湿地中,面积减少最大的是盐地碱蓬滩和芦苇沼泽。③1980～2008年,盐城滨海湿地的互花米草滩面积呈现出增长趋势,盐地碱蓬滩处于严重退化状态,芦苇沼泽处于退化状态,导致盐地碱蓬滩和芦苇沼泽退化的主要因素是人类开发活动。④对不同区域的导致湿地退化的主导因素进行了诊断,其中灌河口—射阳河口岸段湿地退化的主导因素为海岸侵蚀。射阳河口—斗龙港口岸段属于淤蚀过渡海岸,因处于盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区的核心区位置,人类干扰强度不大,湿地退化不严重。斗龙港口—弶港岸段湿地退化的主导因素为人类对湿地的围垦和开发利用活动。  相似文献   

甘肃省张掖市黑河流域中游典型退化湿地植被特征及生态恢复技术     

张宏斌  孟好军  刘贤德  赵维俊  王兴平 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):194-199

对甘肃省张掖市黑河流域中游典型退化湿地植被特征进行了研究,分析了影响湿地植被退化的主要原因,探讨了研究区退化湿地的植被恢复技术。研究结果表明,研究区分布有植物45科123属196种,其中,禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)包含的植物属较多,分别占研究区植物属总数的17.07%、9.76%、7.32%和7.23%。湿地植物群落的种类组成主要以广布性的湿生、盐生和中生植物为优势种,植物群落以盐生、湿生和沼泽型的植物群落为主。提出了采用天然湿地补水、湿地封育、人工种草和栽植湿地植物恢复技术,以及实施生态农业与"退耕还湿"等工程,进行湿地植被恢复。  相似文献   

Quantitative characteristics of microorganisms in permafrost at different depths and their relation to soil physicochemical properties     

Wei Zhang  XiaoPei Dong  GuangXiu Liu  GaoSen Zhang  XiuKun Wu  XiSheng Tai  HaoZhi Long  BaoGui Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(2):0127-0131

Microorganisms in permafrost can live in cold environments due to coadapted physicochemical processes in this environment. In this paper, the relation between microbial number and soil physicochemical properties at the headwaters area of the Urumqi River is analyzed by using fluorescence microscopy counting and oligo-culture techniques. In total, 20 samples from a 200-cm permafrost core were used as study materials. The study reveals that the number of culturable bacteria has a significantly positive correlation with soil water content, total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations, and a significantly negative correlation with soil pH value. In addition, the ratio of culturable bacteria to total cell number decreases with depths. The results demonstrate that the number of culturable bacteria in permafrost is closely correlated with soil physicochemical properties and depositional age.  相似文献   

Application study of the awning measure to obstruct solar radiation in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

WenJie Feng  ZhiZhong Sun  Zhi Wen  GuoYu Li  Ze Zhang  WenBing Yu 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(2):0121-0126

With globe warming, road safety will change dramatically, especially within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost regions. Because of higher elevation and better atmospheric transparency, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has stronger radiation than other regions, which can change the daily variation of ground surface temperature on the Plateau. The awning measure (shading board) is one of the actively protected permafrost measures, which was adopted along the Qinghai-Tibet railway and highway and the Qing-Kang Highway in China. Field test results show that embankment surface month mean net radiation is 60–130 W/m², but the value is below 20 W/m² under the shading board, and the reducing level of natural net radiation is 80%–90%. The shading board reduced the heat flow entering into the embankment by 80%–90% or more, with heat entering into the soil on the common embankment, but emitting from the embankment under the shading board. At the same time, ground surface temperature under the shading board is 6–8 °C lower than the exposed embankment. Test results show that the shading board measure can rapidly and effectively reduce net radiation and heat flow into the embankment, decrease embankment surface and interior temperature, effectively delay increase rate of soil temperature under globe warming, ensure stability and safety of the embankment, and guarantee unblocked road projects in cold and permafrost regions.  相似文献   

Multiresolution fusion of remote sensing images based on resolution degradation model     

LIJunli SUNJiabing MAOXi 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(1):50-56

A new method based on resolution degradation model is proposed to improve both spatial and spectral quality of the synthetic images. Some ETM panchromatic and multispectral images are used to assess the new method. Its spatial and spectral effects are evaluated by qualitative and quantitative measures and the results are compared with those of IHS, PCA, Brovey, OWT(Orthogonal Wavelet Transform) and RWT (Redundant Wavelet Transform). The results show that the new method can keep almost the same spatial resolution as the panchromatic images, and the spectral effect of the new method is as good as those of waveletbased methods.  相似文献   

大九湖泥炭柱样的木质素特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽阳  吴莹  黄俊华  张国森  张经 《地球化学》2009,38(2)

根据大九湖泥炭柱样的木质素特征,结合C/N、δ13C和δ15N数据,分析了有机物的来源和降解特征.结果表明,陆地C3高等植物是有机物的主要来源.木质素的S/V和C/V参数指示该泥沼的主要维管植物是草本被子植物.有机碳含量(OC)的变化与这些植被参数具有良好的对应关系,说明植被变化是控制有机碳含量的重要因素.(Ad/AI)v和(Ad/A1)s参数表明泥炭中的木质素经历了中等程度的氧化降解,而棕腐菌的去甲基/去甲氧基过程是控制木质素含量的主要降解途径.木质素在埋藏后的降解很小,其降解程度更多地受对应年代的环境条件的控制,例如,在温暖湿润的全新世气候最适宜期,木质素降解程度显著高于之前的寒冷干燥时期.  相似文献   

Mobilization and loss of elements from roofing tiles     

Fazrul Razman Sulaiman  Peter Brimblecombe  Carlota M. Grossi 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(4):795-801

Deposition, leaching and chemical transformation are processes that affect roofing tile and roof runoff water. Leaching experiments, with artificial rainwater in the laboratory, showed the presence of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, with a ratio of Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ suggesting gypsum dissolution. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of the exposed roof tile showed depletion such as Mg, Al, Si, P, Ti and K at the surface of the tile and an enrichment of Fe and Mn which hinted at a process akin to laterite formation. However, calcium appeared to be enriched at the surface as gypsum (confirmed by X-ray diffraction) and to a lesser extent calcite, which is characteristic of deposits on building surfaces in cities.  相似文献   

Hydro-environmental status and soil management of the River Nile Delta,Egypt     

H. H. Elewa  A. H. El Nahry 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(4):759-774

The sea level rise has its own-bearing on the coastal recession and hydro-environmental degradation of the River Nile Delta. Attempts are made here to use remote sensing to detect the coastal recession in some selected parts and delineating the chemistry of groundwater aquifers and surface water, which lie along south-mid-northern and coastal zone of the Nile Delta. Eight water samples from groundwater monitoring wells and 13 water samples from surface water were collected and analyzed for various hydrochemical parameters. The groundwater samples are classified into five hydrochemical facies on Hill-Piper trilinear diagram based on the dominance of different cations and anions: facies 1: Ca–Mg–Na–HCO₃–Cl–SO₄ type I; facies 2: Na–Cl–HCO₃ type II; facies 3: Na–Ca–Mg–Cl type III, facies 4: Ca–Na–Mg–Cl–HCO₃ type IV and facies 5: Na–Mg–Cl type V. The hydrochemical facies showed that the majority of samples were enriched in sodium, bicarbonate and chloride types and, which reflected that the sea water and tidal channel play a major role in controlling the groundwater chemical composition in the Quaternary shallow aquifers, with a severe degradation going north of Nile Delta. Also, the relationship between the dissolved chloride (Cl, mmol/l), as a variable, and other major ion combinations (in mmol/l) were considered as another criterion for chemical classification system. The low and medium chloride groundwater occurs in southern and mid Nile Delta (Classes A and B), whereas the high and very high chloride (classes D and C) almost covers the northern parts of the Nile Delta indicating the severe effect of sea water intrusion. Other facets of hydro-environmental degradation are reflected through monitoring the soil degradation process within the last two decades in the northern part of Nile Delta. Land degradation was assessed by adopting new approach through the integration of GLASOD/FAO approach and Remote Sensing/GIS techniques. The main types of human induced soil degradation observed in the studied area are salinity, alkalinity (sodicity), compaction and water logging. On the other hand, water erosion because of sea rise is assessed. Multi-dates satellite data from Landsat TM and ETM+ images dated 1983 and 2003 were used to detect the changes of shoreline during the last two decades. The obtained results showed that, the eroded areas were determined as 568.20 acre; meanwhile the accreted areas were detected as 494.61 acre during the 20-year period.  相似文献