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21.
长白山天池碱性熔岩中普遍含有碱性长石斑晶,其端员成分为:Or_(36)Ab_(59)An_(5)。利用魏森堡和旋进照相测出的晶胞参数为;α=8.290,b=12.996,c=7.146,α=91°18′,β=116°02′,γ=90°14′。三斜晶系,C_1~1-P_Υ以费氏台、油浸法和X射线衍射法等手段配合,进行综合研究,结果表明:该碱性长石斑晶应局歪长石,而不是过去人们认为的透长石。 相似文献
22.
Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characteristics indicate that they crystallized in a magma chamber, which was replenished by less differentiated and high-temperature magmas. The petrographic and geochemical features of the plagioclase phenocrysts are interpreted to record responses to changes in temperature, composition and mechanical effect during magma replenishment. Distinct rare earth element(REE) patterns between cores and rims of the same plagioclase crystal suggest derivation from two end-member magmas. From core to rim, plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display sharp fluctuations of anorthite(An) content up to 20, which either correspond to reverse zoning associated with ovoidal cores and resorption surface(PI), or normal zoning with euhedral form and no resorption surface(P2). Plagioclase crystals with diverse textures and remarkably different An content coexist on the scale of a thin-section. Cores of these plagioclases in each sample display a bimodal distribution of An content. From core to rim in PI, concentrations o f FeOT and Sr increase remarkably as An content increases. During magma replenishment, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the andesitic magma, which were immersed into hotter and less differentiated magmas, were heated and resorbed to form ovoidal cores, and then were overgrown by a thin rim with much higher contents of An, FeO~T and Sr. However, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the basaltic magma were injected into cooler and more evolved magmas, and were remained as euhedral cores, which were later enclosed by oscillatory zoned rims with much lower contents of An, Sr and Ba. 相似文献
23.
新疆巴楚爆破角砾岩筒矿物学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对新疆巴楚爆破角砾岩筒的矿物学进行了系统的研究.结果表明:爆破角砾岩主要由胶结物和超镁铁质包体构成,胶结物的主要造岩矿物有单斜辉石、橄榄石、角闪石和金云母,它们既有金伯利质岩浆本身结晶出来的矿物斑晶,也有与超镁铁质包体同源的捕掳晶.胶结物中晚期结晶的矿物比早期结晶的矿物更加富镁,矿物环带表现为反环带,指示岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的岩浆混合作用.研究发现爆破角砾岩中超镁铁质包体与周围的层状岩体在矿物学上存在诸多不同,暗示包体可能不是来自于后者.对比发现,巴楚金伯利岩与中国东部华北地台含矿金伯利岩在克拉通固结年龄、岩石圈厚度、岩石出露位置及岩浆来源深度等方面均存在很大不同,这些对巴楚金伯利岩成矿构成了不利因素. 相似文献
24.
北大巴山碱质基性—超基性潜火山杂岩的辉石矿物研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北大巴山碱质基性-超基性潜火山杂岩中有7种岩石含有新鲜的单斜辉石,它们分属于透辉石、普通辉石及霓辉石。单斜辉石可划分为5种成因类型:(1)斑晶、微斑晶及微晶;(2)深源捕虏晶;(3)半同源捕虏晶;(4)异源捕虏晶;(5)地幔型捕虏晶,本文涉及前4类辉石。单斜辉石的研究表明:(1)7种含辉石的岩石为同源岩浆结晶分异作用的产物,源岩浆为碱性-过碱性幔源岩浆。(2)初始岩浆形成于77km以下深度,上升过程中岩浆曾在3个不同深度储积。(3)岩浆上升至近地表处,在冷凝固结前曾有多次潜火山隐爆活动发生。(4)霓辉石捕虏晶的出现代表区内存在另一种碱基性岩浆活动。(5)辉石成分指示碱质基性-超基性次火山杂岩形成于陆边板内裂陷带。 相似文献
25.
Phenocrysts in volcanic rocks are commonly used to deduce crystallization processes in magma chambers. A fundamental assumption is that the phenocrysts crystallized in the magma chambers at isobaric and nearly equilibrium conditions, on the basis of their large sizes. However, this assumption is not always true as demonstrated here for a porphyritic alkali basalt (Kutsugata lava) from Rishiri Volcano, northern Japan. All phenocryst phases in the Kutsugata lava, plagioclase, olivine, and augite, have macroscopically homogeneous distribution of textures showing features characteristic of rapid growth throughout the crystals. Rarely, a core region with distinct composition is present in all phenocryst phases. Phenocrysts, excluding this core, are occasionally in direct contact with each other, forming crystal aggregates. The equilibrium liquidus temperature of plagioclase, the dominant phase (35 vol%) in the Kutsugata lava, can never exceed the estimated magmatic temperature, unless the liquidus temperature increases significantly due to vesiculation of the magma during ascent. This suggests that most phenocrysts in the Kutsugata lava were formed by decompression of the magma during ascent in a conduit, rather than by cooling during residence in a magma reservoir. In the magma chamber before eruption, probably located at depth of more than 7 km, only cores of the phenocrysts were present and the magma was nearly aphyric (<5 vol% crystals), though the observed rock is highly porphyritic with up to 40 vol% crystals. The Kutsugata magma is inferred to have been rich in dissolved H2O (>4 wt.%) in the magma chamber, and liquidus temperatures of phenocryst phases were significantly suppressed. Large undercooling caused by decompression and degassing of the magma was the driving force for significant crystallization during ascent because of the increase in liquidus temperature due to vapor exsolution. Low ascent rate of the Kutsugata magma, which is suggested by pahoehoe lava morphology and no association of pyroclastics, gave sufficient time for crystallization. Furthermore, the large degree of superheating of plagioclase in the magma chamber caused plagioclase crystallization with low population density and large crystal size, which characterizes the porphyritic nature of the Kutsugata lava. Alkali basalt is likely to satisfy these conditions and similar phenomena are suggested to occur in other volcanic systems. 相似文献
26.
辽宁永宁地区发育一套闪长质火山岩，该岩石中曾选获金刚石及其指示矿物，因此成为辽宁省金刚石第Ⅳ成矿带。通过对该岩石矿物组成及其显微结构构造特征研究，表明：(1)闪长质岩石中的斑晶斜长石具有环带结构；(2)橄榄石及金云母具有多世代性，且目估橄榄石+金云母含量在10%以上，局部更为富集；(3)出现“橄榄石+金云母+石榴石”与“斜长石+辉石+角闪石”不平衡的矿物组合；(4)发现橄榄石有碎斑结构和金伯利岩角砾。初步认为，永宁地区的闪长质岩浆在上升过程中捕获了早先已形成的金伯利岩并与之发生熔融混合作用，金刚石来自于深部的金伯利岩。这一认识对该地区寻找金刚石原生矿具有启示意义。 相似文献