日常和旅游两种情景的自然接触对儿童亲环境行为意愿的影响差异——兼论自然联结的中介效应     

彭红松  韩娅  虞虎  章锦河  钟士恩  候梦娇 《地理研究》2022,41(2):358-372

儿童是保护环境的积极行动者,激发其亲环境行为意愿是应对环境问题挑战的现实需求。然而,已有研究却很少关注儿童的亲环境行为意愿及其驱动机制。文章采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的混合研究方法,以南京市小学儿童为样本,旨在通过分析儿童自然经验图式的特点,探究日常和旅游两种情景的自然接触对儿童亲环境行为意愿的影响差异,并检验自然联结在其中扮演的中介角色。结果发现：① 与日常自然接触相比,旅游自然接触更能激发儿童的亲环境行为意愿;② 自然接触促进自然联结主要体现在情感维度,其次是认知维度,而自然联结促进亲环境行为意愿以认知路径为主,情感路径为辅;③ 情感型和认知型自然联结在自然接触与亲环境行为意愿间扮演双重中介角色,且认知型自然联结的中介效应高于情感型自然联结的中介效应。研究结果对科学制定面向儿童的自然空间规划和环境教育策略具有参考价值。  相似文献   

Reply to the discussion by Conti R., De Sanctis L. and Viggiani G.M.B. on ‘Influence of diaphragm wall installation on the numerical analysis of deep excavation’ by Burlon S., Mroueh H. & Shahrour I.     

S. Burlon  H. Mroueh  I. Shahrour 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(11):1688-1690

The authors thank the discussers R.Conti, L.De Sanctis and G.M.B.Viggiani for their interest to the paper entitled ‘Influence of diaphragm wall installation on the numerical analysis of deep excavation’ and for providing the opportunity to submit additional information to clarify some issues. The authors broadly agree with the comments which deal with three main aspects of the paper: presence of water and type of analysis, constitutive modelling and numerical strategies. The present reply addresses some additional issues that the discussers find not clear on the original paper submitted by the writers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

P–T–t evidence for mechanisms of vertical tectonic motion in a contractional orogen: north-western US and Canadian Cordillera     

Whitney  Miller  & Paterson 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1999,17(1):75-90

The >1800 km long Coast Mountains–North Cascades orogen of the Canadian Cordillera and north-western US developed as a continental magmatic arc. Metamorphic rocks in the orogen contain widespread evidence for burial of supracrustal rocks to depths of c. 40 km, followed by nearly isothermal decompression to depths of <10 km. Near many shallowly-emplaced, mid-Cretaceous plutons, low-pressure contact metamorphic effects were overprinted by high-pressure regional metamorphic minerals and textures, as evidenced by kyanite±staurolite pseudomorphs after andalusite in metapelitic rocks. Therefore, near-pluton rocks record the loading history of the orogen. Metapelitic rocks not associated with plutons only preserve evidence for high-pressure conditions and/or high-temperature decompression, as indicated, for example, by sillimanite and cordierite after kyanite and garnet, respectively. Petrological evidence for burial and decompression is therefore recorded in different rocks. Various regions of the orogen differ in timing of metamorphism, the overall shape of P–T paths and the relative timing and regional extent of the high-pressure event, but most of these data and observations are consistent with thrusting and/or pure shear thickening as primary loading mechanisms throughout the orogen, as opposed to magma-dominated loading. This interpretation is further supported by comparison with thermal models, which demonstrate that the P–T paths are consistent with simultaneous thrusting and folding at a high initial geothermal gradient (35–40 °C km^?1) in much of the orogen. A high geothermal gradient supports tectonic models invoking intra-arc contraction and suggests that magmatism played an important role in regional temperature-time paths. This tectonic-thermal history may be typical of other contractional orogens and illustrates the importance of large vertical displacement of crust in magmatic arcs.  相似文献   

Investigation on strength and stability of jointed rock mass using three‐dimensional numerical manifold method     

L. He  X. M. An  X. B. Zhao  Z. Y. Zhao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(14):2348-2366

This paper proposes a numerical model for jointed rock masses within the 3‐D numerical manifold method (NMM) framework equipped with a customized contact algorithm. The strength of rock sample containing a few sets of discontinuities is first investigated. The results of models with simple geometries are compared with the available analytical solutions to verify the developed computer code, whereas models with complex geometries are simulated to better understand the fundamental behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass. Furthermore, the stability of jointed rock mass in an underground excavation is studied, where rock failure process is determined by the 3‐D NMM simulation. The simulation results provide valuable guidance on excavation process design and stabilization design in rock engineering practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Petrology and geothermobarometry of granulite facies metapelites from the Hisøy-Torungen area, south Norway: new data on the Sveconorvegian P–T–t path of the Bamble sector     

T.-L. KNUDSEN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(3):267-287

ABSTRACT The high-grade rocks (metapelite, quartzite, metagabbro) of the Hisøy-Torungen area represent the south-westernmost exposures of granulites in the Proterozoic Bamble sector, south Norway. The area is isoclinally folded and a metamorphic P–T–t path through four successive stages (M1-M4) is recognized. Petrological evidence for a prograde metamorphic event (M1) is obtained from relict staurolite + chlorite + albite, staurolite + hercynite + ilmenite, cordierite + sillimanite, fine-grained felsic material + quartz and hercynite + biotite ± sillimanite within metapelitic garnet. The phase relations are consistent with a pressure of 3.6 ± 0.5 kbar and temperatures up to 750–850°C. M1 is connected to the thermal effect of the gabbroic intrusions prior to the main (M2) Sveconorwegian granulite facies metamorphism. The main M2 granulite facies mineral assemblages (quartz+ plagioclase + K-feldspar + garnet + biotite ± sillimanite) are best preserved in the several-metre-wide Al-rich metapelites, which represent conditions of 5.9–9.1 kbar and 790–884°C. These P–T conditions are consistent with a temperature increase of 80–100°C relative to the adjacent amphibolite facies terranes. No accompanying pressure variations are recorded. Up to 1-mm-wide fine-grained felsic veinlets appear in several units and represent remnants of a former melt formed by the reaction: Bt + Sil + Qtz→Grt + lq. This dehydration reaction, together with the absence of large-scale migmatites in the area, suggests a very reduced water activity in the rocks and XH₂O = 0.25 in the C–O–H fluid system was calculated for a metapelitic unit. A low but variable water activity can best explain the presence or absence of fine-grained felsic material representing a former melt in the different granulitic metapelites. The strongly peraluminous composition of the felsic veinlets is due to the reaction: Grt +former melt ± Sil→Crd + Bt ± Qtz + H₂O, which has given poorly crystalline cordierite aggregates intergrown with well-crystalline biotite. The cordierite- and biotite-producing reaction constrains a steep first-stage retrograde (relative to M2) uplift path. Decimetre- to metre-wide, strongly banded metapelites (quartz + plagioclase + biotite + garnet ± sillimanite) inter-layered with quartzites are retrograded to (M3) amphibolite facies assemblages. A P–T estimate of 1.7–5.6 kbar, 516–581°C is obtained from geothermobarometry based on rim-rim analyses of garnet–biotite–plagioclase–sillimanite–quartz assemblages, and can be related to the isoclinal folding of the rocks. M4 greenschist facies conditions are most extensively developed in millimetre-wide chlorite-rich, calcite-bearing veins cutting the foliation.  相似文献   

The linear matching method for the shakedown analysis of geotechnical problems     

M. Boulbibane  A. R. S. Ponter 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(2):157-179

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土石混合体-基岩界面剪切力学特性块石尺寸效应     

杨忠平  李进  刘浩宇  张益铭  刘新荣 《岩土力学》2023,(4):965-974

土石混合体-基岩界面的抗剪强度是控制坡体稳定性的重要参数之一,是工程设计的重要参数。为探究块石尺寸对土石混合体-基岩界面剪切力学特性的影响,开展了含不同块石尺寸的土石混合体-基岩界面室内大型剪切试验。结果表明：接触界面的破坏模式受块石尺寸和法向压力的影响不显著,均表现为应变硬化特征;法向压力会削弱块石尺寸效应的影响;随块石尺寸增加,抗剪强度和抗剪强度指标（φ、c）先增加后减少,既存在着正尺寸效应,又存在着负尺寸效应,尺寸效应对内摩擦角φ的影响有限,整体在29°波动,而对表观黏聚力c影响较大;不同块石尺寸试样在不同法向压力作用下均表现出了明显的剪缩行为,法向压力能够增强土石混合体的剪缩特性;土石混合体-基岩界面为薄弱的潜在滑移面,随着块石尺寸系数的增加,薄弱破坏面有向土石混合体内部转化的趋势。  相似文献   

The Role of Seal and Source Rocks in Fluid-rock Interactions and their Reservoir Effects within the Carbonate Deep Burial Realm     

LI Jie  CAI Zhongxian 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1353-1361

Discoveries of deep high-quality carbonate reservoirs challenged the general understanding on the evolution of porosity decreasing with depth. New mechanisms of pore generation and preservation in the deep realm require to be proposed. Dolostones in the Feixianguan and Dengying Formations experienced maximum depths in excess of 8000 m, but still retained high porosity. Petrographic observation and homogenization temperatures help to identify products of deep fluid-rock interactions, visual and experimental porosity were used to quantify reservoir effects, the distribution of products finally being plotted to unravel the mechanisms. Th data reveal that thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), burial dissolution and quartz cementation are typical deep fluid-rock interactions. The SO42? of residual porewater sourced from the evaporative dolomitizing fluid was supplied for TSR in the hydrocarbon column, the TSR-inducing calcite cements were homogeneously dispersed in the hydrocarbon column. Quartz cementation was caused by the increasing acidity and Si-rich residual porewater in the oil column. Burial dissolution is forced by organic acid and limited in oil–water contact. This study suggests that seal and source rocks not only play important roles in hydrocarbon accumulation, but also have a general control on the deep fluid-rock interactions and porosity evolution in the deep burial realm.  相似文献   

滇中腊梅铁矿床磁铁矿地球化学特征及其指示意义     

吴梦琪  吴鹏  王蝶  杨航  龚红胜 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(3):592-608

滇中腊梅铁矿床位于西南“三江”地区金沙江-哀牢山-红河富碱斑岩带中段,其矿化类型不明,成矿机制和资源潜力不清,制约了该区找矿勘查的深入研究。本次研究工作在详细的地质调查基础上,根据矿(化)体产出特征,将磁铁矿划分为正长斑岩内的豆状-星点状磁铁矿(Ⅰ-Mag)、透辉石角岩内浸染状-团块状磁铁矿(Ⅱ-Mag)和层间破碎带内脉状及囊状充填型磁铁矿(Ⅲ-Mag)3种类型。通过LA-ICP-MS原位微区成分对比,发现3类磁铁矿总体富集Ti、Mn、V、Mg、Zn及Ni,贫Sn、Ga及Sc等元素,并且从Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag, Mg、V、Zn含量及Ni/Cr值逐渐增加,Cr、Sn及REE含量逐渐降低,反映3类磁铁矿具有从岩浆成因向热液成因演化的特征。结合Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)、(Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)图解及磁铁矿矿相学特征,认为该矿床属于接触交代热液型铁矿床,其成矿物质来源与富碱斑岩密切相关。3类磁铁矿形成温度约300～500℃,Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag的氧逸度有逐渐降低的趋势。地球化学特征及成矿温度、氧逸度等信息指示,腊梅铁矿床深部具斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿潜...  相似文献   

落石冲击混凝土棚洞力学特性研究     

陈泰江  章广成  向欣 《岩土力学》2022,43(1):277-285

落石冲击棚洞结构作用过程复杂,缺乏统一的落石冲击力表达式。首先,将落石简化为刚性球体,基于Hertz接触理论,推导得到落石冲击力半正弦算法的理论表达式,考虑落石冲击下棚洞的非弹性特征,根据落石与材料碰撞过程中落石加速度曲线特征,采用函数拟合法推导得到落石法向冲击下其冲击力的理论计算方法;然后,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立落石冲击棚洞数值计算模型,研究不同冲击速度下落石冲击棚洞动力特征;最后,与现存常见的多种方法进行对比,得出以下结论：Hertz半正弦法得到的落石冲击力远大于函数拟合法和数值法,而函数拟合法和数值法得到的落石冲击力时程曲线相接近,表明函数拟合法更能反映落石与棚洞接触碰撞动力关系;对比其他计算方法可以得到,Hertz算法适用于分析无能量损失下的弹性碰撞问题,而Logistic算法适用于材料大塑性变形的情况,弹塑性接触理论结果和动力有限元结果存在差异,而采用函数拟合推导的计算方法得到的落石最大冲击力和落石冲击作用时间与动力有限元法更接近,更能反映落石冲击棚洞动力响应特征,推导的落石冲击力计算方法可为工程实践中棚洞防护设计提供理论参考。  相似文献